利用6种不同种类农林废弃物(包括小麦秸秆、花生壳、椰壳等)制备生物炭,研究不同生物炭对水中石油的吸附性能。系统考察生物炭种类及投加量、石油种类及浓度、吸附时间等因素对生物炭吸附水中石油效果的影响。结果表明,不同原料制备的...利用6种不同种类农林废弃物(包括小麦秸秆、花生壳、椰壳等)制备生物炭,研究不同生物炭对水中石油的吸附性能。系统考察生物炭种类及投加量、石油种类及浓度、吸附时间等因素对生物炭吸附水中石油效果的影响。结果表明,不同原料制备的生物炭对水中石油均具有较好的吸附性能,吸附量为142.70~493.86 mg g。其中,以小麦秸秆制备的生物炭对石油的吸附量最大,其总孔体积明显大于其他生物炭,为0.155 cm 3 g,含碳官能团也较多。小麦秸秆生物炭吸附水中石油时最佳投加量(ρ)为0.25 g L,吸附平衡时间为60 min,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型,即更接近单分子层吸附。生物炭的吸油性能受到多种因素的影响,通过灰色关联度分析得出水中油浓度对生物炭的石油吸附量影响最大。展开更多
在能源日益匮乏的今天,氢能作为一种可再生、绿色环保的新型能源成为全球节能降碳的重要载体。传统的碱水电解(Alkaline water electrolysis,AWE)制氢要求较高pH的碱液作为电解液,而且只能在低电流密度下工作;质子交换膜电解水(Proton e...在能源日益匮乏的今天,氢能作为一种可再生、绿色环保的新型能源成为全球节能降碳的重要载体。传统的碱水电解(Alkaline water electrolysis,AWE)制氢要求较高pH的碱液作为电解液,而且只能在低电流密度下工作;质子交换膜电解水(Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis,PEMWE)制氢技术具有电流密度大、效率高的特点,被人们视为最有前景的电解水制氢技术,但是其昂贵的催化剂以及所需的高耐酸性部件成为制约PEMWE发展的重要因素。阴离子交换膜电解水(Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis,AEMWE)作为一种新兴的技术,可以实现低成本“绿氢”制备。相较于AWE,AEMWE避免了高浓度碱液的循环;相较于PEMWE,AEMWE则具有成本低、腐蚀性低等优势。离聚物作为关键部件膜电极(Membrane electrode assembly,MEA)中三相界面(Triple phase boundary,TPB)的重要组成部分,对AEMWE内部催化作用和水管理能力起着重要作用。本文首先围绕AEMWE技术原理和离聚物在AEMWE中的作用进行了概述,随后对常见的不同种类的阴离子离聚物结构及特点进行了总结,最后从结构、含量以及添加剂调控三种调控策略入手,针对如何调控离聚物以达到更加优异的电解性能进行了具体的分析总结。展开更多
As by-products of petroleum refining,heavy oils are characterized by a high carbon content,low cost and great variability,making them competitive precursors for the anodes of potassium ion batteries(PIBs).However,the ...As by-products of petroleum refining,heavy oils are characterized by a high carbon content,low cost and great variability,making them competitive precursors for the anodes of potassium ion batteries(PIBs).However,the relationship between heavy oil composition and potassium storage performance remains unclear.Using heavy oils containing distinct chemical groups as the carbon source,namely fluid catalytic cracking slurry(FCCS),petroleum asphalt(PA)and deoiled asphalt(DOA),three carbon nanosheets(CNS)were prepared through a molten salt method,and used as the anodes for PIBs.The composition of the heavy oil determines the lamellar thicknesses,sp^(3)-C/sp^(2)-C ratio and defect concentration,thereby affecting the potassium storage performance.The high content of aromatic hydrocarbons and moderate amount of heavy component moieties in FCCS produce carbon nanosheets(CNS-FCCS)that have a smaller layer thickness,larger interlayer spacing(0.372 nm),and increased number of folds than in CNS derived from the other three precursors.These features give it faster charge/ion transfer,more potassium storage sites and better reaction kinetics.CNS-FCCS has a remarkable K^(+)storage capacity(248.7 mAh g^(-1) after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g^(-1)),long cycle lifespan(190.8 mAh g^(-1) after 800 cycles at 1.0 A g^(-1))and excellent rate capability,ranking it among the best materials for this application.This work sheds light on the influence of heavy oil composition on carbon structure and electrochemical performance,and provides guidance for the design and development of advanced heavy oil-derived carbon electrodes for PIBs.展开更多
文摘利用6种不同种类农林废弃物(包括小麦秸秆、花生壳、椰壳等)制备生物炭,研究不同生物炭对水中石油的吸附性能。系统考察生物炭种类及投加量、石油种类及浓度、吸附时间等因素对生物炭吸附水中石油效果的影响。结果表明,不同原料制备的生物炭对水中石油均具有较好的吸附性能,吸附量为142.70~493.86 mg g。其中,以小麦秸秆制备的生物炭对石油的吸附量最大,其总孔体积明显大于其他生物炭,为0.155 cm 3 g,含碳官能团也较多。小麦秸秆生物炭吸附水中石油时最佳投加量(ρ)为0.25 g L,吸附平衡时间为60 min,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型,即更接近单分子层吸附。生物炭的吸油性能受到多种因素的影响,通过灰色关联度分析得出水中油浓度对生物炭的石油吸附量影响最大。
基金国家自然科学基金(22208376)青岛新能源山东省实验室开放课题项目(QNESL OP 202303)+2 种基金山东省自然科学基金创新发展联合基金(ZR2023LFG005)山东博士后科学基金(SDBX202302037)山西省留学人员科技活动择优资助项目(20230002)。
文摘在能源日益匮乏的今天,氢能作为一种可再生、绿色环保的新型能源成为全球节能降碳的重要载体。传统的碱水电解(Alkaline water electrolysis,AWE)制氢要求较高pH的碱液作为电解液,而且只能在低电流密度下工作;质子交换膜电解水(Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis,PEMWE)制氢技术具有电流密度大、效率高的特点,被人们视为最有前景的电解水制氢技术,但是其昂贵的催化剂以及所需的高耐酸性部件成为制约PEMWE发展的重要因素。阴离子交换膜电解水(Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis,AEMWE)作为一种新兴的技术,可以实现低成本“绿氢”制备。相较于AWE,AEMWE避免了高浓度碱液的循环;相较于PEMWE,AEMWE则具有成本低、腐蚀性低等优势。离聚物作为关键部件膜电极(Membrane electrode assembly,MEA)中三相界面(Triple phase boundary,TPB)的重要组成部分,对AEMWE内部催化作用和水管理能力起着重要作用。本文首先围绕AEMWE技术原理和离聚物在AEMWE中的作用进行了概述,随后对常见的不同种类的阴离子离聚物结构及特点进行了总结,最后从结构、含量以及添加剂调控三种调控策略入手,针对如何调控离聚物以达到更加优异的电解性能进行了具体的分析总结。
文摘As by-products of petroleum refining,heavy oils are characterized by a high carbon content,low cost and great variability,making them competitive precursors for the anodes of potassium ion batteries(PIBs).However,the relationship between heavy oil composition and potassium storage performance remains unclear.Using heavy oils containing distinct chemical groups as the carbon source,namely fluid catalytic cracking slurry(FCCS),petroleum asphalt(PA)and deoiled asphalt(DOA),three carbon nanosheets(CNS)were prepared through a molten salt method,and used as the anodes for PIBs.The composition of the heavy oil determines the lamellar thicknesses,sp^(3)-C/sp^(2)-C ratio and defect concentration,thereby affecting the potassium storage performance.The high content of aromatic hydrocarbons and moderate amount of heavy component moieties in FCCS produce carbon nanosheets(CNS-FCCS)that have a smaller layer thickness,larger interlayer spacing(0.372 nm),and increased number of folds than in CNS derived from the other three precursors.These features give it faster charge/ion transfer,more potassium storage sites and better reaction kinetics.CNS-FCCS has a remarkable K^(+)storage capacity(248.7 mAh g^(-1) after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g^(-1)),long cycle lifespan(190.8 mAh g^(-1) after 800 cycles at 1.0 A g^(-1))and excellent rate capability,ranking it among the best materials for this application.This work sheds light on the influence of heavy oil composition on carbon structure and electrochemical performance,and provides guidance for the design and development of advanced heavy oil-derived carbon electrodes for PIBs.
