Rechargeable lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))batteries have attracted wide attention due to their high energy density.However,the sluggish cathode kinetics results in high overvoltage and poor cycling performance.Ruthenium(Ru...Rechargeable lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))batteries have attracted wide attention due to their high energy density.However,the sluggish cathode kinetics results in high overvoltage and poor cycling performance.Ruthenium(Ru)-based electrocatalysts have been demonstrated to be promising cathode catalysts to promote oxygen evolution reaction(OER).It facilitates decomposition of lithium peroxide(Li_(2)O_(2))by adjusting Li_(2)O_(2) morphologies,which is due to the strong interaction between Ru-based catalyst and superoxide anion(O_(2))intermediate.In this review,the design strategies of Ru-based electrocatalysts are introduced to enhance their OER catalytic kinetics in Li-O_(2) batteries.Different configurations of Ru-based catalysts,including metal particles(Ru metal and alloys),single-atom catalysts,and Ru-loaded compounds with various substrates(carbon materials,metal oxides/sulfides),have been summarized to regulate the electronic structure and the matrix architecture of the Ru-based electrocatalysts.The structure-property relationship of Ru-based catalysts is discussed for a better understanding of the Li_(2)O_(2) decomposition mechanism at the cathode interface.Finally,the challenges of Ru-based electrocatalysts are proposed for the future development of Li-O_(2) batteries.展开更多
糖基化是蛋白质最重要的翻译后修饰之一,能够调控蛋白质的电荷态、结构及分子间相互作用等,进而影响其功能。糖基化的高度异质性导致传统的结构解析方法很难对糖蛋白进行全面表征。随着分析技术的发展,质谱在糖蛋白结构解析中发挥了重...糖基化是蛋白质最重要的翻译后修饰之一,能够调控蛋白质的电荷态、结构及分子间相互作用等,进而影响其功能。糖基化的高度异质性导致传统的结构解析方法很难对糖蛋白进行全面表征。随着分析技术的发展,质谱在糖蛋白结构解析中发挥了重要作用。蛋白质组学质谱技术可在多肽水平上对复杂、低丰度蛋白质糖基化修饰的化学组成与位点信息进行鉴定。非变性质谱技术(native mass spectrometry,nMS)则直接在完整蛋白水平上揭示聚糖异质性及其对蛋白高级结构和相互作用的调控效应。作为结构质谱的代表性技术,基于离子淌度的nMS受益于离子淌度仪的构象分辨能力和构象去折叠功能,能够在非变性质谱的基础上提供离子的三维动态结构信息,为异构体结构快速鉴定提供不可替代的解决方案。本文重点介绍了两种新兴离子淌度质谱技术,即非变性动态构象分辨质谱技术和糖型分辨结构质谱技术,并以3种常见蛋白体系为例,介绍其在糖蛋白构象研究领域的最新进展。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22325902 and 51671107)Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations.
文摘Rechargeable lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))batteries have attracted wide attention due to their high energy density.However,the sluggish cathode kinetics results in high overvoltage and poor cycling performance.Ruthenium(Ru)-based electrocatalysts have been demonstrated to be promising cathode catalysts to promote oxygen evolution reaction(OER).It facilitates decomposition of lithium peroxide(Li_(2)O_(2))by adjusting Li_(2)O_(2) morphologies,which is due to the strong interaction between Ru-based catalyst and superoxide anion(O_(2))intermediate.In this review,the design strategies of Ru-based electrocatalysts are introduced to enhance their OER catalytic kinetics in Li-O_(2) batteries.Different configurations of Ru-based catalysts,including metal particles(Ru metal and alloys),single-atom catalysts,and Ru-loaded compounds with various substrates(carbon materials,metal oxides/sulfides),have been summarized to regulate the electronic structure and the matrix architecture of the Ru-based electrocatalysts.The structure-property relationship of Ru-based catalysts is discussed for a better understanding of the Li_(2)O_(2) decomposition mechanism at the cathode interface.Finally,the challenges of Ru-based electrocatalysts are proposed for the future development of Li-O_(2) batteries.
基金support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52171215)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(19JCJQJC62400)Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations。
文摘糖基化是蛋白质最重要的翻译后修饰之一,能够调控蛋白质的电荷态、结构及分子间相互作用等,进而影响其功能。糖基化的高度异质性导致传统的结构解析方法很难对糖蛋白进行全面表征。随着分析技术的发展,质谱在糖蛋白结构解析中发挥了重要作用。蛋白质组学质谱技术可在多肽水平上对复杂、低丰度蛋白质糖基化修饰的化学组成与位点信息进行鉴定。非变性质谱技术(native mass spectrometry,nMS)则直接在完整蛋白水平上揭示聚糖异质性及其对蛋白高级结构和相互作用的调控效应。作为结构质谱的代表性技术,基于离子淌度的nMS受益于离子淌度仪的构象分辨能力和构象去折叠功能,能够在非变性质谱的基础上提供离子的三维动态结构信息,为异构体结构快速鉴定提供不可替代的解决方案。本文重点介绍了两种新兴离子淌度质谱技术,即非变性动态构象分辨质谱技术和糖型分辨结构质谱技术,并以3种常见蛋白体系为例,介绍其在糖蛋白构象研究领域的最新进展。
