Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)was reported to be increased in asthma in some studies. Accumulation of TGF-β in airway promotes smooth muscle cell mitogenesis and hyperplasia, and induces fibroblast and myofibr...Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)was reported to be increased in asthma in some studies. Accumulation of TGF-β in airway promotes smooth muscle cell mitogenesis and hyperplasia, and induces fibroblast and myofibroblast and smooth muscle proliferation as well as increase in protein synthesis in connective tissue(such as collagen deposition on the reticular basement membrane). The autocrine induction of collagen expression by smooth muscle may contribute to the thickening of the reticular basement membrane, irreversible fibrosis and remodeling seen in the airways in some asthmatics. TGF-β is considered to be a major fibrogenic cytokine. It can increase smooth muscle mass and lead to severe bronchial obstruction in an asthma attack.展开更多
Many newly discovered interleukins have been implicated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the allergic diseases, for example, human interleukin (IL)-17, a T-cell derived cytokine; interleukin (IL)-18, a...Many newly discovered interleukins have been implicated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the allergic diseases, for example, human interleukin (IL)-17, a T-cell derived cytokine; interleukin (IL)-18, an interferon (IFN)-gamma-inducing cytokine; interleukin (IL)-23, produced by activated dendritic cells, and interleukin (IL)-25, a recently described T helper 2 (Th2) cell-derived cytokine. Understanding their characteristic and roles in diseases may help us to know better the mechanism of the allergic diseases and develop the strategy for treating the disease. [展开更多
Mast cells (MCs) play a key role in the pat hogenesis of allergic diseases. Tissue MCs are originated from hematopoietic ste m cells in bone marrow. In recent years, it was reported that human mast cells c ould be dif...Mast cells (MCs) play a key role in the pat hogenesis of allergic diseases. Tissue MCs are originated from hematopoietic ste m cells in bone marrow. In recent years, it was reported that human mast cells c ould be differentiated from stem cells of umbilical cord blood. In this review, we summarize the development in this novel area.展开更多
Mucus secreted mainly by epithelial goblet cells and submucosal glands covering the respiratory tract plays an important role in the protection from external aggressions, such as solid particles, pathogens and chemica...Mucus secreted mainly by epithelial goblet cells and submucosal glands covering the respiratory tract plays an important role in the protection from external aggressions, such as solid particles, pathogens and chemical agents by mucociliary clearance. The viscoelastic properties of mucus are mainly determined by the presence of extensively-glycosylated high molecular weight mucins. A lot of factors influence the expression and secretion of mucins in airway, lead to mucus overproduction, which is a distinguishing feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and causes disruption of the mucociliary clearance function, resulting in airway block, chronic infection and death.展开更多
Since the discovery of mast cells (MCs) in 1878, MCs have long been recognised to be the key effector cells in allergic reactions. However, little is known about their roles in defending microorganisms. In this review...Since the discovery of mast cells (MCs) in 1878, MCs have long been recognised to be the key effector cells in allergic reactions. However, little is known about their roles in defending microorganisms. In this review, the recent research progress in the roles of MCs, in the body defence against bacterial and viral infection, in pathogen recognition mechanisms and in inflammatory mediator release are discussed.展开更多
文摘Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)was reported to be increased in asthma in some studies. Accumulation of TGF-β in airway promotes smooth muscle cell mitogenesis and hyperplasia, and induces fibroblast and myofibroblast and smooth muscle proliferation as well as increase in protein synthesis in connective tissue(such as collagen deposition on the reticular basement membrane). The autocrine induction of collagen expression by smooth muscle may contribute to the thickening of the reticular basement membrane, irreversible fibrosis and remodeling seen in the airways in some asthmatics. TGF-β is considered to be a major fibrogenic cytokine. It can increase smooth muscle mass and lead to severe bronchial obstruction in an asthma attack.
文摘Many newly discovered interleukins have been implicated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the allergic diseases, for example, human interleukin (IL)-17, a T-cell derived cytokine; interleukin (IL)-18, an interferon (IFN)-gamma-inducing cytokine; interleukin (IL)-23, produced by activated dendritic cells, and interleukin (IL)-25, a recently described T helper 2 (Th2) cell-derived cytokine. Understanding their characteristic and roles in diseases may help us to know better the mechanism of the allergic diseases and develop the strategy for treating the disease. [
文摘Mast cells (MCs) play a key role in the pat hogenesis of allergic diseases. Tissue MCs are originated from hematopoietic ste m cells in bone marrow. In recent years, it was reported that human mast cells c ould be differentiated from stem cells of umbilical cord blood. In this review, we summarize the development in this novel area.
文摘Mucus secreted mainly by epithelial goblet cells and submucosal glands covering the respiratory tract plays an important role in the protection from external aggressions, such as solid particles, pathogens and chemical agents by mucociliary clearance. The viscoelastic properties of mucus are mainly determined by the presence of extensively-glycosylated high molecular weight mucins. A lot of factors influence the expression and secretion of mucins in airway, lead to mucus overproduction, which is a distinguishing feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and causes disruption of the mucociliary clearance function, resulting in airway block, chronic infection and death.
文摘Since the discovery of mast cells (MCs) in 1878, MCs have long been recognised to be the key effector cells in allergic reactions. However, little is known about their roles in defending microorganisms. In this review, the recent research progress in the roles of MCs, in the body defence against bacterial and viral infection, in pathogen recognition mechanisms and in inflammatory mediator release are discussed.
