预测土壤重金属空间分布对于识别高污染区域、进行污染来源解析和制定预防控制策略具有重要意义。本文选取浙江省杭州市为研究区,以土壤母质类型作为辅助信息,通过贝叶斯最大熵(Bayesian maximum entropy,BME)法,预测土壤重金属的空间分...预测土壤重金属空间分布对于识别高污染区域、进行污染来源解析和制定预防控制策略具有重要意义。本文选取浙江省杭州市为研究区,以土壤母质类型作为辅助信息,通过贝叶斯最大熵(Bayesian maximum entropy,BME)法,预测土壤重金属的空间分布,并与传统的克里金方法的预测结果进行比较。结果表明:BME在土壤重金属含量空间预测方面精度更高,其残差分布区间、平均绝对误差和均方根误差更小。研究区内重金属污染风险相对较低,其平均值均低于二级土壤环境质量标准值,但镉和砷的含量高于当地背景值,分别是背景值的1.59倍和1.31倍。铅和汞在该研究区东北部的城市地区含量较高,城市化、工业化和交通运输可能是其污染来源;镉和砷在西南部和中西部农村地区含量较高,农业活动可能是其污染来源。此外,镉在中东部还存在一块明显的高含量区域,这与当地矿业活动密切相关。铬主要受自然因素的影响。展开更多
Ship detection via spaceborne synthetic aperture radar(SAR)has become a research hotspot.However,existing small ship detection methods based on the radar signal domain and SAR image features cannot obtain highly accur...Ship detection via spaceborne synthetic aperture radar(SAR)has become a research hotspot.However,existing small ship detection methods based on the radar signal domain and SAR image features cannot obtain highly accurate results because of the obvious coherent speckle noise at sea and strong reflection interference from near‑shore objects.To resolve the above problems,this study proposes a dual‑domain joint dense multiple small ship target detection method for spaceborne SAR image that simultaneously detects objects in the image and frequency domains.This method uses an attention mechanism module and algorithm structure adjustments to improve the small ship target feature mining ability.In the frequency‑based image generation,extreme signal strength values are detected in the azimuth and range directions,with the results of the two complementing each other to realize dual‑domain joint small ship target detection.The comprehensive qualitative and quantitative evaluation results show that the proposed method can attain a final precision rate of 92.25%and achieve accurate results for SAR ship detection in open‑sea,coastal,and port area ships.The test results for the self‑built SAR small‑ship dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and universality of the method.展开更多
文摘预测土壤重金属空间分布对于识别高污染区域、进行污染来源解析和制定预防控制策略具有重要意义。本文选取浙江省杭州市为研究区,以土壤母质类型作为辅助信息,通过贝叶斯最大熵(Bayesian maximum entropy,BME)法,预测土壤重金属的空间分布,并与传统的克里金方法的预测结果进行比较。结果表明:BME在土壤重金属含量空间预测方面精度更高,其残差分布区间、平均绝对误差和均方根误差更小。研究区内重金属污染风险相对较低,其平均值均低于二级土壤环境质量标准值,但镉和砷的含量高于当地背景值,分别是背景值的1.59倍和1.31倍。铅和汞在该研究区东北部的城市地区含量较高,城市化、工业化和交通运输可能是其污染来源;镉和砷在西南部和中西部农村地区含量较高,农业活动可能是其污染来源。此外,镉在中东部还存在一块明显的高含量区域,这与当地矿业活动密切相关。铬主要受自然因素的影响。
基金supported by the Foundation Strengthening Fund Project(No.2021-JCJQ-JJ0251)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42301384 and 42271448)。
文摘Ship detection via spaceborne synthetic aperture radar(SAR)has become a research hotspot.However,existing small ship detection methods based on the radar signal domain and SAR image features cannot obtain highly accurate results because of the obvious coherent speckle noise at sea and strong reflection interference from near‑shore objects.To resolve the above problems,this study proposes a dual‑domain joint dense multiple small ship target detection method for spaceborne SAR image that simultaneously detects objects in the image and frequency domains.This method uses an attention mechanism module and algorithm structure adjustments to improve the small ship target feature mining ability.In the frequency‑based image generation,extreme signal strength values are detected in the azimuth and range directions,with the results of the two complementing each other to realize dual‑domain joint small ship target detection.The comprehensive qualitative and quantitative evaluation results show that the proposed method can attain a final precision rate of 92.25%and achieve accurate results for SAR ship detection in open‑sea,coastal,and port area ships.The test results for the self‑built SAR small‑ship dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and universality of the method.
