程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)和程序性死亡配体1(programmed cell death 1 ligand 1,PD-L1)是一对经典免疫检查点,其相互作用在肿瘤免疫逃逸中发挥重要作用。但由于PD-1和PD-L1存在复杂的糖基化修饰,且真核...程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)和程序性死亡配体1(programmed cell death 1 ligand 1,PD-L1)是一对经典免疫检查点,其相互作用在肿瘤免疫逃逸中发挥重要作用。但由于PD-1和PD-L1存在复杂的糖基化修饰,且真核细胞中的PD-1和PD-L1在蛋白质水平的表达量低,限制了靶向二者相互作用的药物筛选及抑制剂的开发。本研究针对二者相互作用的关键结构域,利用金门桥组装(golden gate assembly)无缝克隆技术构建了表达功能性截短体蛋白质PD-1^(33-150)和PD-L1^(19-239)的真核载体,并利用HEK-293T细胞系验证了其高效表达。经亲和层析纯化,每升细胞培养基可获得蛋白质纯度>95%的PD-1^(33-150)和PD-L1^(19-239)蛋白分别为5 mg和3 mg。利用生物膜干涉技术(biolayer interferometry,BLI)和流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM),我们检测了纯化后PD-1^(33-150)和PD-L1^(19-239)的结合动力学参数、平衡常数以及其细胞结合活性。与昆虫细胞和大肠杆菌在蛋白质水平表达的PD-1胞外域相比,哺乳细胞表达的PD-1^(33-150)对PD-L1的亲和力提高了近24和50倍,同时使结合的解离速率降低至原来的1/400以下,这可能是由于不同的糖基化修饰对PD-1和PD-L1蛋白的相互作用具有重要影响。综上,本研究建立了人源PD-1^(33-150)/PD-L1^(19-239)功能性截短体在蛋白质水平的高效表达与纯化平台,为PD-1/PD-L1抗体药物筛选及小分子免疫检查点抑制剂的开发提供了高质量的分子工具。展开更多
Profiling the protein composition of bacteria is essential for understanding their biology,physiology and interaction with environment.Mass spectrometry has become a pivotal tool for protein analysis,facilitating the ...Profiling the protein composition of bacteria is essential for understanding their biology,physiology and interaction with environment.Mass spectrometry has become a pivotal tool for protein analysis,facilitating the examination of expression levels,molecular masses and structural modifications.In this study,we compared the performance of three widely-used mass spectrometry methods,i.e.,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization(MALDI)protein fingerprinting,top-down proteomics and bottom-up proteomics,in the profiling of bacterial protein composition.It was revealed that bottom-up proteomics provided the highest protein coverage and exhibited the greatest protein profile overlap between bacterial species.In contrast,MALDI protein fingerprinting demonstrated superior detection reproducibility and effectiveness in distinguishing between bacterial species.Although top-down proteomics identified fewer proteins than bottom-up approach,it complemented MALDI fingerprinting in the discovery of bacterial protein markers,both favoring abundant,stable,and hydrophilic bacterial ribosomal proteins.This study represents the most systematic and comprehensive comparison of mass spectrometry-based protein profiling methodologies to date.It provides valuable guidelines for the selection of appropriate profiling strategies for specific analytical purposes.This will facilitate studies across various fields,including infection diagnosis,antimicrobial resistance detection and pharmaceutical target discovery.展开更多
文摘Profiling the protein composition of bacteria is essential for understanding their biology,physiology and interaction with environment.Mass spectrometry has become a pivotal tool for protein analysis,facilitating the examination of expression levels,molecular masses and structural modifications.In this study,we compared the performance of three widely-used mass spectrometry methods,i.e.,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization(MALDI)protein fingerprinting,top-down proteomics and bottom-up proteomics,in the profiling of bacterial protein composition.It was revealed that bottom-up proteomics provided the highest protein coverage and exhibited the greatest protein profile overlap between bacterial species.In contrast,MALDI protein fingerprinting demonstrated superior detection reproducibility and effectiveness in distinguishing between bacterial species.Although top-down proteomics identified fewer proteins than bottom-up approach,it complemented MALDI fingerprinting in the discovery of bacterial protein markers,both favoring abundant,stable,and hydrophilic bacterial ribosomal proteins.This study represents the most systematic and comprehensive comparison of mass spectrometry-based protein profiling methodologies to date.It provides valuable guidelines for the selection of appropriate profiling strategies for specific analytical purposes.This will facilitate studies across various fields,including infection diagnosis,antimicrobial resistance detection and pharmaceutical target discovery.
