Objective:To anatomically and phenotypically characterize the insular cortex(IC)-nucleus tractus soli-tari(NTS)neural pathway.Methods:Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental cohorts for neu...Objective:To anatomically and phenotypically characterize the insular cortex(IC)-nucleus tractus soli-tari(NTS)neural pathway.Methods:Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental cohorts for neural circuit tracing.Anterograde labeling was achieved by injecting anterograde self-complementary adeno-associated viruses(scAAVs)into the IC.Retrograde tracing involved NTS injections of either retrograde scAAVs or FluoroGold(FG),combined with immunofluorescence histochemical staining to identify IC-originating projection neurons.For postsynaptic neurochemical phenotype characterization,IC was injected with AAV2/1-CaMKII-Cre,while a mixture of AAV2/9-Syn-DIO-mCherry and AAV2/9-VGAT1-EGFP was injected into the NTS.The rats were allowed to survive for one week following scAAVs or FG injection or four weeks after recombinase-dependent systems injection.Then the rats were sacrificed,and serial brain sections were prepared for immunofluorescence histochemical staining(brain section containing FG)and subsequent fluorescence/confocal microscopic analysis.Results:(1)Anterograde viral tracing re-vealed dense axonal terminals from the IC projecting to the medial subnucleus of the NTS,while retrograde tracing re-vealed that IC neurons projecting to the NTS were predominantly localized within the dysgranular layer;(2)IC-NTS projection neurons were exclusive glutamatergic(100%,n=3);(3)NTS neurons receiving IC inputs were mainly lo-calized in the medial subnucleus,and were predominantly GABAergic(79.8±3.2%,n=3).Conclusion:The pres-ent results indicate that a descending pathway from excitatory neurons of the IC terminates onto inhibitory neurons of the NTS,which might represent a potential neuromodulatory target for visceral pain disorders.展开更多
目的:探讨肿瘤微环境中神经元对胶质瘤细胞迁移能力的影响。方法:分离培养胚胎18 d(E18)大鼠神经元,利用表达靶向神经连接蛋白3(NLGN3)分子shRNA的重组慢病毒(Lv-NLGN3-shRNA)感染神经元,real time RT-PCR和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测...目的:探讨肿瘤微环境中神经元对胶质瘤细胞迁移能力的影响。方法:分离培养胚胎18 d(E18)大鼠神经元,利用表达靶向神经连接蛋白3(NLGN3)分子shRNA的重组慢病毒(Lv-NLGN3-shRNA)感染神经元,real time RT-PCR和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测NLGN3的表达,收集神经元培养上清与胶质瘤细胞系U251细胞共培养,Transwell实验检测U251细胞迁移能力,Western Blot方法检测U251细胞中哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的表达。结果:Lv-NLGN3-shRNA重组慢病毒感染能够降低大鼠原代神经元中NLGN3 mRNA和蛋白的的表达,神经元培养上清与U251细胞共培养可以增加后者的迁移能力并上调mTOR和MMP-9的表达。然而,NLGN3表达被Lv-NLGN3-shRNA抑制后,培养上清对U251细胞促迁移能力下降,同时mTOR和MMP-9表达降低。结论:大鼠原代神经元可以通过NLGN3/mTOR/MMP-9信号通路增强U251细胞的迁移能力,这一途径可能是胶质瘤细胞转移的机制之一。展开更多
目的:探讨N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)对大鼠神经元来源的细胞系H19-7细胞中神经连接蛋白3(NLGN3)表达的影响及分子机制。方法:分别利用NMDA、NMDA受体(NMDAR)特异性拮抗剂D-AP5和β-catenin特异性siRNA处理大鼠海马神经元细胞系H19-7细胞...目的:探讨N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)对大鼠神经元来源的细胞系H19-7细胞中神经连接蛋白3(NLGN3)表达的影响及分子机制。方法:分别利用NMDA、NMDA受体(NMDAR)特异性拮抗剂D-AP5和β-catenin特异性siRNA处理大鼠海马神经元细胞系H19-7细胞,通过Western Blot和real time RT-PCR检测β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)、NLGN3及c-Myc的表达变化。结果:NMDA刺激后H19-7细胞中β-catenin蛋白上调,与此同时NLGN3和c-Myc表达增加;使用D-AP5阻断NMDAR以及特异性siRNA沉默β-catenin均能抑制NLGN3的表达。结论:NMDA能够通过Wnt/β-catenin通路促进大鼠神经元中NLGN3表达。展开更多
目的:研究铁抑素-1(Fer-1)对血红素诱导的小鼠海马神经元铁死亡的影响。方法:小鼠海马神经元细胞系HT22细胞分为对照组(control)、血红素处理组(hemin)以及血红素和铁抑素-1联合处理组(hemin+Fer1)。利用CCK-8试剂盒检测各组细胞的活性...目的:研究铁抑素-1(Fer-1)对血红素诱导的小鼠海马神经元铁死亡的影响。方法:小鼠海马神经元细胞系HT22细胞分为对照组(control)、血红素处理组(hemin)以及血红素和铁抑素-1联合处理组(hemin+Fer1)。利用CCK-8试剂盒检测各组细胞的活性,利用活性氧荧光探针(DCFH-DA)法检测各组细胞中反应性活性氧(ROS)的含量,利用商品化试剂盒检测谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量,利用JC-1试剂盒检测线粒体膜电位(MMP)变化,利用Western Blot和real time RT-PCR检测细胞中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)的表达。结果:血红素处理可降低HT22细胞活性,诱发氧化应激,破坏线粒体膜电位(MMP),并下调GPX4表达而诱导铁死亡。相反,Fer-1可以使细胞活性恢复,降低氧化应激反应,从而抑制HT22细胞铁死亡。结论:血红素中诱发了HT22细胞内脂质过氧化反应,引起线粒体损伤及铁死亡;铁死亡抑制剂Fer-1可以阻断血红素这种细胞毒性。展开更多
文摘Objective:To anatomically and phenotypically characterize the insular cortex(IC)-nucleus tractus soli-tari(NTS)neural pathway.Methods:Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental cohorts for neural circuit tracing.Anterograde labeling was achieved by injecting anterograde self-complementary adeno-associated viruses(scAAVs)into the IC.Retrograde tracing involved NTS injections of either retrograde scAAVs or FluoroGold(FG),combined with immunofluorescence histochemical staining to identify IC-originating projection neurons.For postsynaptic neurochemical phenotype characterization,IC was injected with AAV2/1-CaMKII-Cre,while a mixture of AAV2/9-Syn-DIO-mCherry and AAV2/9-VGAT1-EGFP was injected into the NTS.The rats were allowed to survive for one week following scAAVs or FG injection or four weeks after recombinase-dependent systems injection.Then the rats were sacrificed,and serial brain sections were prepared for immunofluorescence histochemical staining(brain section containing FG)and subsequent fluorescence/confocal microscopic analysis.Results:(1)Anterograde viral tracing re-vealed dense axonal terminals from the IC projecting to the medial subnucleus of the NTS,while retrograde tracing re-vealed that IC neurons projecting to the NTS were predominantly localized within the dysgranular layer;(2)IC-NTS projection neurons were exclusive glutamatergic(100%,n=3);(3)NTS neurons receiving IC inputs were mainly lo-calized in the medial subnucleus,and were predominantly GABAergic(79.8±3.2%,n=3).Conclusion:The pres-ent results indicate that a descending pathway from excitatory neurons of the IC terminates onto inhibitory neurons of the NTS,which might represent a potential neuromodulatory target for visceral pain disorders.
文摘目的:探讨N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)对大鼠神经元来源的细胞系H19-7细胞中神经连接蛋白3(NLGN3)表达的影响及分子机制。方法:分别利用NMDA、NMDA受体(NMDAR)特异性拮抗剂D-AP5和β-catenin特异性siRNA处理大鼠海马神经元细胞系H19-7细胞,通过Western Blot和real time RT-PCR检测β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)、NLGN3及c-Myc的表达变化。结果:NMDA刺激后H19-7细胞中β-catenin蛋白上调,与此同时NLGN3和c-Myc表达增加;使用D-AP5阻断NMDAR以及特异性siRNA沉默β-catenin均能抑制NLGN3的表达。结论:NMDA能够通过Wnt/β-catenin通路促进大鼠神经元中NLGN3表达。
文摘目的:研究铁抑素-1(Fer-1)对血红素诱导的小鼠海马神经元铁死亡的影响。方法:小鼠海马神经元细胞系HT22细胞分为对照组(control)、血红素处理组(hemin)以及血红素和铁抑素-1联合处理组(hemin+Fer1)。利用CCK-8试剂盒检测各组细胞的活性,利用活性氧荧光探针(DCFH-DA)法检测各组细胞中反应性活性氧(ROS)的含量,利用商品化试剂盒检测谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量,利用JC-1试剂盒检测线粒体膜电位(MMP)变化,利用Western Blot和real time RT-PCR检测细胞中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)的表达。结果:血红素处理可降低HT22细胞活性,诱发氧化应激,破坏线粒体膜电位(MMP),并下调GPX4表达而诱导铁死亡。相反,Fer-1可以使细胞活性恢复,降低氧化应激反应,从而抑制HT22细胞铁死亡。结论:血红素中诱发了HT22细胞内脂质过氧化反应,引起线粒体损伤及铁死亡;铁死亡抑制剂Fer-1可以阻断血红素这种细胞毒性。
