Current admissions decisions in USA are based however on a selection index that is constructed from a GPA regression that estimates expected GPA. We consider a new approach in which the selection index is based direct...Current admissions decisions in USA are based however on a selection index that is constructed from a GPA regression that estimates expected GPA. We consider a new approach in which the selection index is based directly on the quantiles of the GPA distribution. The new approach realistically assumes that student characteristics have differential impacts at different parts of the GPA distribution. The quantile method also provides admissions officers the fiexibility to target different GPA properties for the freshman class.展开更多
目的:探讨颞下颌关节(temporomandibular joint,TMJ)髁突纤维软骨在纳米量级的区域形貌及其材料性能分布的特点。方法:采用原子力显微镜(atomic force microscope,AFM)及纳(诺)压痕测量法,对9只6周龄正常新西兰白兔双侧TMJ的18侧下颌髁...目的:探讨颞下颌关节(temporomandibular joint,TMJ)髁突纤维软骨在纳米量级的区域形貌及其材料性能分布的特点。方法:采用原子力显微镜(atomic force microscope,AFM)及纳(诺)压痕测量法,对9只6周龄正常新西兰白兔双侧TMJ的18侧下颌髁突软骨不同区域的三维微观形貌及其纳米弹性模量进行测量和分析。结果:兔下颌髁突关节软骨的不同区域具有明显不同的三维微观形貌和弹性材料性能。髁突前部和内侧表现出更显著的三维微观形貌特征。正常TMJ左、右侧髁突软骨相对应各区域具有相同的弹性模量,髁突不同部位软骨的弹性模量〔前内侧:(2.83±0.33)MPa,前外侧:(1.68±0.15)MPa,后内侧:(1.17±0.08)MPa,后外侧:(0.91±0.06)MPa〕则存在明显差异(P<0.01)。结论:正常TMJ左、右侧髁突软骨的材料力学性能对称一致。在咀嚼过程中,具有最大弹性模量的髁突前内侧软骨可能在TMJ中承担最大的压力,为关节的功能承载区。TMJ髁突软骨表面的三维微观区域形貌和纳米弹性性能的不同或许反映了关节的不同功能需要。展开更多
文摘Current admissions decisions in USA are based however on a selection index that is constructed from a GPA regression that estimates expected GPA. We consider a new approach in which the selection index is based directly on the quantiles of the GPA distribution. The new approach realistically assumes that student characteristics have differential impacts at different parts of the GPA distribution. The quantile method also provides admissions officers the fiexibility to target different GPA properties for the freshman class.
文摘目的:探讨颞下颌关节(temporomandibular joint,TMJ)髁突纤维软骨在纳米量级的区域形貌及其材料性能分布的特点。方法:采用原子力显微镜(atomic force microscope,AFM)及纳(诺)压痕测量法,对9只6周龄正常新西兰白兔双侧TMJ的18侧下颌髁突软骨不同区域的三维微观形貌及其纳米弹性模量进行测量和分析。结果:兔下颌髁突关节软骨的不同区域具有明显不同的三维微观形貌和弹性材料性能。髁突前部和内侧表现出更显著的三维微观形貌特征。正常TMJ左、右侧髁突软骨相对应各区域具有相同的弹性模量,髁突不同部位软骨的弹性模量〔前内侧:(2.83±0.33)MPa,前外侧:(1.68±0.15)MPa,后内侧:(1.17±0.08)MPa,后外侧:(0.91±0.06)MPa〕则存在明显差异(P<0.01)。结论:正常TMJ左、右侧髁突软骨的材料力学性能对称一致。在咀嚼过程中,具有最大弹性模量的髁突前内侧软骨可能在TMJ中承担最大的压力,为关节的功能承载区。TMJ髁突软骨表面的三维微观区域形貌和纳米弹性性能的不同或许反映了关节的不同功能需要。
