At the 19th G20 Summit in Brazil in November 2024,China promoted the development of sustainable solutions to climate change,biodiversity loss,and environmental pollution.This continued the theme of the 2016 G20 Hangzh...At the 19th G20 Summit in Brazil in November 2024,China promoted the development of sustainable solutions to climate change,biodiversity loss,and environmental pollution.This continued the theme of the 2016 G20 Hangzhou Summit,at which China placed development at the center of the G20’s macroeconomic policy coordination for the first time,adopting the G20 Action Plan on the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the G20 Initiative on Supporting Industrialization in Africa and Least Developed Countries.In Brazil,China announced actions on advancing modernization in Africa over the next three years with a Chinese commitment of RMB360 billion yuan in financial support.In this article,we examine the potential role of geoscience research and practice in development,particularly in the sustainable use of natural resources,the prevention of climate change impacts,as well as mitigation of geo-hazards and their health implications,indicating the areas where China’s geoscience for Africa is strong and where it requires more effort.We find that although China is the world’s leading publisher of scientific papers,its contribution to geoscience in Africa(the globe’s fastest-growing economic area),as shown by bibliometric research,appears to be rather small and inconsistent with the research priorities of Africa.Amongst the priorities for geoscience research in Africa,which are not addressed substantially by the research conducted so far,are sustainable mineral and hydrocarbon development,hydrology and hydrogeology,climate change and resilience,natural hazards,medical geology,agrominerals,and geoscience education and training.A particular opportunity for African nations is the presence of critical minerals-minerals needed for the energy transition and for batteries for electric cars in particular.Africa is well-endowed with many of these critical materials,such as rare earth elements and platinum group metals.Several research groups stress the need for the agency on the part of African institutions to map out these valuable resources,understand their value and the economics and sustainability of their extraction,encourage local business,attract investment,and scrutinize proposals from potential international investors to get the best deals.A strong point of existing China-led geoscience development includes the Deep-time Digital Earth(DDE)program online computing platform and its artificial intelligence tool GeoGPT,which is being developed in partnership with Zhejiang Laboratory.These are being developed with strong China funding support for free and wide global access,with a particular focus on Africa.These advanced tools will help to place the agency of development squarely in the hands of African scientists and institutions.In summary,the following are recommended:(1)a more coordinated and strategic approach to China-led geoscience research in Africa;(2)an Africa-centered,geoscience funding initiative that concentrates on relevant topics to the continent such as critical minerals exploration and other geological resources,materials and processes and their health implications on the populations and ecosystems in general,as well as climate change and climate change resilience;and(3)continued support for China-led international initiatives that seek to increase the agency and capacity of Africa geoscience researchers,for example the Deep-time Digital Earth platform.展开更多
植被总初级生产力(Gross primary productivity,GPP)是陆地生态系统碳循环的关键环节,对维持全球碳平衡至关重要。基于Google Earth Engine平台,利用NASA LP DAAC发布的MOD17A2H产品,研究分析了塔里木河生态输水期间陆地生态系统生长季...植被总初级生产力(Gross primary productivity,GPP)是陆地生态系统碳循环的关键环节,对维持全球碳平衡至关重要。基于Google Earth Engine平台,利用NASA LP DAAC发布的MOD17A2H产品,研究分析了塔里木河生态输水期间陆地生态系统生长季的GPP变化。结果表明:(1)生态输水后,塔里木河生态环境整体得到改善。输水前期,塔里木河生长季GPP平均为3675.51 g C·m^(-2)·季^(-1),输水中期,生长季GPP增加到4024.09 g C·m^(-2)·季^(-1),输水后期,该值跃升为4896.61 g C·m^(-2)·季^(-1)。2000—2020年塔里木河生长季GPP表现出明显的增加趋势,增长幅度约为每个生长季增加90.25 g C·m^(-2)。2010年后,上、中、下游日GPP增加幅度亦更明显,分别为每10 a增加2.54 g C·m^(-2)、2.17 g C·m^(-2)和1.74 g C·m^(-2)。(2)塔里木河陆地生态系统生长季(5—10月)的日GPP变化在不同区域存在明显差异。上游区日GPP变化总体上表现出先增加后减小的单峰趋势,下游区则以双峰变化趋势为主。(3)塔里木河生态输水工程有益于生长季GPP的变化,其中对6、8月的GPP变化影响更显著。展开更多
文摘At the 19th G20 Summit in Brazil in November 2024,China promoted the development of sustainable solutions to climate change,biodiversity loss,and environmental pollution.This continued the theme of the 2016 G20 Hangzhou Summit,at which China placed development at the center of the G20’s macroeconomic policy coordination for the first time,adopting the G20 Action Plan on the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the G20 Initiative on Supporting Industrialization in Africa and Least Developed Countries.In Brazil,China announced actions on advancing modernization in Africa over the next three years with a Chinese commitment of RMB360 billion yuan in financial support.In this article,we examine the potential role of geoscience research and practice in development,particularly in the sustainable use of natural resources,the prevention of climate change impacts,as well as mitigation of geo-hazards and their health implications,indicating the areas where China’s geoscience for Africa is strong and where it requires more effort.We find that although China is the world’s leading publisher of scientific papers,its contribution to geoscience in Africa(the globe’s fastest-growing economic area),as shown by bibliometric research,appears to be rather small and inconsistent with the research priorities of Africa.Amongst the priorities for geoscience research in Africa,which are not addressed substantially by the research conducted so far,are sustainable mineral and hydrocarbon development,hydrology and hydrogeology,climate change and resilience,natural hazards,medical geology,agrominerals,and geoscience education and training.A particular opportunity for African nations is the presence of critical minerals-minerals needed for the energy transition and for batteries for electric cars in particular.Africa is well-endowed with many of these critical materials,such as rare earth elements and platinum group metals.Several research groups stress the need for the agency on the part of African institutions to map out these valuable resources,understand their value and the economics and sustainability of their extraction,encourage local business,attract investment,and scrutinize proposals from potential international investors to get the best deals.A strong point of existing China-led geoscience development includes the Deep-time Digital Earth(DDE)program online computing platform and its artificial intelligence tool GeoGPT,which is being developed in partnership with Zhejiang Laboratory.These are being developed with strong China funding support for free and wide global access,with a particular focus on Africa.These advanced tools will help to place the agency of development squarely in the hands of African scientists and institutions.In summary,the following are recommended:(1)a more coordinated and strategic approach to China-led geoscience research in Africa;(2)an Africa-centered,geoscience funding initiative that concentrates on relevant topics to the continent such as critical minerals exploration and other geological resources,materials and processes and their health implications on the populations and ecosystems in general,as well as climate change and climate change resilience;and(3)continued support for China-led international initiatives that seek to increase the agency and capacity of Africa geoscience researchers,for example the Deep-time Digital Earth platform.
文摘植被总初级生产力(Gross primary productivity,GPP)是陆地生态系统碳循环的关键环节,对维持全球碳平衡至关重要。基于Google Earth Engine平台,利用NASA LP DAAC发布的MOD17A2H产品,研究分析了塔里木河生态输水期间陆地生态系统生长季的GPP变化。结果表明:(1)生态输水后,塔里木河生态环境整体得到改善。输水前期,塔里木河生长季GPP平均为3675.51 g C·m^(-2)·季^(-1),输水中期,生长季GPP增加到4024.09 g C·m^(-2)·季^(-1),输水后期,该值跃升为4896.61 g C·m^(-2)·季^(-1)。2000—2020年塔里木河生长季GPP表现出明显的增加趋势,增长幅度约为每个生长季增加90.25 g C·m^(-2)。2010年后,上、中、下游日GPP增加幅度亦更明显,分别为每10 a增加2.54 g C·m^(-2)、2.17 g C·m^(-2)和1.74 g C·m^(-2)。(2)塔里木河陆地生态系统生长季(5—10月)的日GPP变化在不同区域存在明显差异。上游区日GPP变化总体上表现出先增加后减小的单峰趋势,下游区则以双峰变化趋势为主。(3)塔里木河生态输水工程有益于生长季GPP的变化,其中对6、8月的GPP变化影响更显著。
