At the 19th G20 Summit in Brazil in November 2024,China promoted the development of sustainable solutions to climate change,biodiversity loss,and environmental pollution.This continued the theme of the 2016 G20 Hangzh...At the 19th G20 Summit in Brazil in November 2024,China promoted the development of sustainable solutions to climate change,biodiversity loss,and environmental pollution.This continued the theme of the 2016 G20 Hangzhou Summit,at which China placed development at the center of the G20’s macroeconomic policy coordination for the first time,adopting the G20 Action Plan on the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the G20 Initiative on Supporting Industrialization in Africa and Least Developed Countries.In Brazil,China announced actions on advancing modernization in Africa over the next three years with a Chinese commitment of RMB360 billion yuan in financial support.In this article,we examine the potential role of geoscience research and practice in development,particularly in the sustainable use of natural resources,the prevention of climate change impacts,as well as mitigation of geo-hazards and their health implications,indicating the areas where China’s geoscience for Africa is strong and where it requires more effort.We find that although China is the world’s leading publisher of scientific papers,its contribution to geoscience in Africa(the globe’s fastest-growing economic area),as shown by bibliometric research,appears to be rather small and inconsistent with the research priorities of Africa.Amongst the priorities for geoscience research in Africa,which are not addressed substantially by the research conducted so far,are sustainable mineral and hydrocarbon development,hydrology and hydrogeology,climate change and resilience,natural hazards,medical geology,agrominerals,and geoscience education and training.A particular opportunity for African nations is the presence of critical minerals-minerals needed for the energy transition and for batteries for electric cars in particular.Africa is well-endowed with many of these critical materials,such as rare earth elements and platinum group metals.Several research groups stress the need for the agency on the part of African institutions to map out these valuable resources,understand their value and the economics and sustainability of their extraction,encourage local business,attract investment,and scrutinize proposals from potential international investors to get the best deals.A strong point of existing China-led geoscience development includes the Deep-time Digital Earth(DDE)program online computing platform and its artificial intelligence tool GeoGPT,which is being developed in partnership with Zhejiang Laboratory.These are being developed with strong China funding support for free and wide global access,with a particular focus on Africa.These advanced tools will help to place the agency of development squarely in the hands of African scientists and institutions.In summary,the following are recommended:(1)a more coordinated and strategic approach to China-led geoscience research in Africa;(2)an Africa-centered,geoscience funding initiative that concentrates on relevant topics to the continent such as critical minerals exploration and other geological resources,materials and processes and their health implications on the populations and ecosystems in general,as well as climate change and climate change resilience;and(3)continued support for China-led international initiatives that seek to increase the agency and capacity of Africa geoscience researchers,for example the Deep-time Digital Earth platform.展开更多
蚀变岩帽在地表一般表现为陡倾的正地形,是高温、高氧逸度流体对围岩进行酸性淋滤,形成的一系列高级泥化和泥化等蚀变矿物组合。这种蚀变是浅成低温热液蚀变系统的一部分,其深部可能具有寻找斑岩型矿化的潜力。浙东南陆相火山岩地区普...蚀变岩帽在地表一般表现为陡倾的正地形,是高温、高氧逸度流体对围岩进行酸性淋滤,形成的一系列高级泥化和泥化等蚀变矿物组合。这种蚀变是浅成低温热液蚀变系统的一部分,其深部可能具有寻找斑岩型矿化的潜力。浙东南陆相火山岩地区普遍发育此种蚀变岩帽,但该类型蚀变常被前人定义为"次生石英岩"。本文选择其中典型的后坑蚀变岩帽,通过大比例尺蚀变填图、岩心编录,利用短波红外(ASD)、电子探针(EPMA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等分析技术手段,发现蚀变岩帽具有垂直方向和水平方向的蚀变矿物分带。垂直方向由深到浅依次发育刚玉-绢云母,绢云母-叶蜡石,明矾石-高岭石-地开石具分带特征;水平方向上从核部到边部依次发育多孔状石英-金红石、高级泥化带(明矾石-叶蜡石-高岭石-地开石-水铝石-Aluminum Phosphate and sulphates矿物)、泥化带(高岭石-伊利石-蒙脱石)。并得出以下几点认识:①后坑蚀变岩帽中明矾石短波红外特征吸收峰在1480~1491nm之间,以岩浆-热液成因的钾明矾石为主,含少量钠明矾石;②叶蜡石短波红外特征吸收峰在2167nm左右,分为两种成因:早期高级泥化阶段的绢云母经后期热液退变质蚀变而成以及早期高岭石经后期热液进变质作用形成;③蚀变岩帽根部的刚玉被后期热液蚀变形成绢云母,刚玉-绢云母蚀变带之下可能是黄铁绢英岩化带;④早期水铝石被后期热液蚀变形成地开石,代表了热液的多期次性;通过对比后坑蚀变岩帽与其他斑岩-浅成低温热液矿床(如Horse-Ivaal和Vuda等矿床)的蚀变矿物分带后,发现后坑蚀变岩帽蚀变矿物分带与这些典型矿床相似。本文认为后坑蚀变岩帽属于该成矿系统上部的浅成低温热液蚀变部分,其深部具有寻找斑岩矿床的潜力,同时提出浙东南其他发育在陆相火山岩中的蚀变岩帽也属于该蚀变系统,具有寻找斑岩型铜金矿床的较大潜力。展开更多
文摘At the 19th G20 Summit in Brazil in November 2024,China promoted the development of sustainable solutions to climate change,biodiversity loss,and environmental pollution.This continued the theme of the 2016 G20 Hangzhou Summit,at which China placed development at the center of the G20’s macroeconomic policy coordination for the first time,adopting the G20 Action Plan on the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the G20 Initiative on Supporting Industrialization in Africa and Least Developed Countries.In Brazil,China announced actions on advancing modernization in Africa over the next three years with a Chinese commitment of RMB360 billion yuan in financial support.In this article,we examine the potential role of geoscience research and practice in development,particularly in the sustainable use of natural resources,the prevention of climate change impacts,as well as mitigation of geo-hazards and their health implications,indicating the areas where China’s geoscience for Africa is strong and where it requires more effort.We find that although China is the world’s leading publisher of scientific papers,its contribution to geoscience in Africa(the globe’s fastest-growing economic area),as shown by bibliometric research,appears to be rather small and inconsistent with the research priorities of Africa.Amongst the priorities for geoscience research in Africa,which are not addressed substantially by the research conducted so far,are sustainable mineral and hydrocarbon development,hydrology and hydrogeology,climate change and resilience,natural hazards,medical geology,agrominerals,and geoscience education and training.A particular opportunity for African nations is the presence of critical minerals-minerals needed for the energy transition and for batteries for electric cars in particular.Africa is well-endowed with many of these critical materials,such as rare earth elements and platinum group metals.Several research groups stress the need for the agency on the part of African institutions to map out these valuable resources,understand their value and the economics and sustainability of their extraction,encourage local business,attract investment,and scrutinize proposals from potential international investors to get the best deals.A strong point of existing China-led geoscience development includes the Deep-time Digital Earth(DDE)program online computing platform and its artificial intelligence tool GeoGPT,which is being developed in partnership with Zhejiang Laboratory.These are being developed with strong China funding support for free and wide global access,with a particular focus on Africa.These advanced tools will help to place the agency of development squarely in the hands of African scientists and institutions.In summary,the following are recommended:(1)a more coordinated and strategic approach to China-led geoscience research in Africa;(2)an Africa-centered,geoscience funding initiative that concentrates on relevant topics to the continent such as critical minerals exploration and other geological resources,materials and processes and their health implications on the populations and ecosystems in general,as well as climate change and climate change resilience;and(3)continued support for China-led international initiatives that seek to increase the agency and capacity of Africa geoscience researchers,for example the Deep-time Digital Earth platform.
文摘蚀变岩帽在地表一般表现为陡倾的正地形,是高温、高氧逸度流体对围岩进行酸性淋滤,形成的一系列高级泥化和泥化等蚀变矿物组合。这种蚀变是浅成低温热液蚀变系统的一部分,其深部可能具有寻找斑岩型矿化的潜力。浙东南陆相火山岩地区普遍发育此种蚀变岩帽,但该类型蚀变常被前人定义为"次生石英岩"。本文选择其中典型的后坑蚀变岩帽,通过大比例尺蚀变填图、岩心编录,利用短波红外(ASD)、电子探针(EPMA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等分析技术手段,发现蚀变岩帽具有垂直方向和水平方向的蚀变矿物分带。垂直方向由深到浅依次发育刚玉-绢云母,绢云母-叶蜡石,明矾石-高岭石-地开石具分带特征;水平方向上从核部到边部依次发育多孔状石英-金红石、高级泥化带(明矾石-叶蜡石-高岭石-地开石-水铝石-Aluminum Phosphate and sulphates矿物)、泥化带(高岭石-伊利石-蒙脱石)。并得出以下几点认识:①后坑蚀变岩帽中明矾石短波红外特征吸收峰在1480~1491nm之间,以岩浆-热液成因的钾明矾石为主,含少量钠明矾石;②叶蜡石短波红外特征吸收峰在2167nm左右,分为两种成因:早期高级泥化阶段的绢云母经后期热液退变质蚀变而成以及早期高岭石经后期热液进变质作用形成;③蚀变岩帽根部的刚玉被后期热液蚀变形成绢云母,刚玉-绢云母蚀变带之下可能是黄铁绢英岩化带;④早期水铝石被后期热液蚀变形成地开石,代表了热液的多期次性;通过对比后坑蚀变岩帽与其他斑岩-浅成低温热液矿床(如Horse-Ivaal和Vuda等矿床)的蚀变矿物分带后,发现后坑蚀变岩帽蚀变矿物分带与这些典型矿床相似。本文认为后坑蚀变岩帽属于该成矿系统上部的浅成低温热液蚀变部分,其深部具有寻找斑岩矿床的潜力,同时提出浙东南其他发育在陆相火山岩中的蚀变岩帽也属于该蚀变系统,具有寻找斑岩型铜金矿床的较大潜力。
