目的:遗传性球形红细胞增多症(hereditary spherocytosis,HS)是最常见的遗传性红细胞膜缺陷病,主要表现为贫血、黄疸、脾大。由于部分患者临床表现不典型、家族史阴性,加上传统的实验室检查敏感性和特异性均较低,常导致漏诊、误诊。目...目的:遗传性球形红细胞增多症(hereditary spherocytosis,HS)是最常见的遗传性红细胞膜缺陷病,主要表现为贫血、黄疸、脾大。由于部分患者临床表现不典型、家族史阴性,加上传统的实验室检查敏感性和特异性均较低,常导致漏诊、误诊。目前已明确ANK1、SPTB、SPTA1、SLC4A1和EPB42基因突变可引起其对应的编码蛋白质缺失,进而导致红细胞膜缺陷。本研究旨在分析HS基因诊断的可行性和临床应用价值。方法:回顾性收集2018年1月至2021年9月中南大学湘雅二医院血液内科收治的26例中国湖南HS患者的资料,分析其临床表现和实验室检测结果。应用二代测序(next-generation sequencing,NGS)结合Sanger测序,检测HS致病基因突变和胆红素代谢调控关键酶尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶1家族多肽A1(uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase 1 family polypeptide A1,UGT1A1)变异。根据美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会(American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics,ACMG)发布的《序列变异解释的标准和指南》进行致病基因变异判读。分析不同基因变异类型患者的临床特征,并对其临床诊断和基因诊断进行对比分析。结果:在26例HS患者中,贫血23例、黄疸25例、脾大24例、胆石症14例;16例有家族史,10例无家族史;25例HS致病基因突变检测结果为阳性,1例阴性。19个家系共检出18个HS致病基因杂合变异,其中14个为致病性变异,1个可能致病性变异,3个意义未明变异。SPTB突变(12个)和ANK1突变(4个)最多。变异类型以无义突变为主(9个)。SPTB突变组与ANK1突变组相比,外周血红细胞参数及溶血指标的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。ANK1突变组切脾率高于SPTB突变组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.970,P=0.014)。不同突变类型(无义突变、移码突变、剪接位点突变及错义突变)组间外周血红细胞参数及溶血指标差异亦均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。临床确诊的18例患者中,17例与基因诊断一致;临床疑诊患者8例,均经HS致病基因突变检测确诊。24例HS患者行UGT1A1变异检测,5例患者携带UGT1A1变异导致酶活性降低,19例酶活性正常。酶活性降低组较酶活性正常组的总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)水平高,差异具有统计学意义(U=22,P=0.038)。结论:大多数HS患者有贫血、黄疸和脾大,常合并胆石症。中国湖南HS致病基因突变以SPTB和ANK1突变最常见,基因型与临床表型无明显相关性。基因诊断与临床诊断高度一致。UGT1A1酶活性降低可导致HS患者黄疸程度加重。临床联合基因诊断有利于HS的快速、精准诊断;而UGT1A1酶活性相关基因变异检测对HS黄疸评估有重要意义。展开更多
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the MTHFR gene,leading to a variety of clinical manifestations.In October 2022,the Second Xian...Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the MTHFR gene,leading to a variety of clinical manifestations.In October 2022,the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University admitted a 21-year-old male patient with neuropsychiatric disorders,presenting primarily with cognitive decline,limb tremors,abnormal mental and behavioral symptoms,seizures,and gait disturbances.These symptoms had gradually developed over 5 years,worsening significantly in the past year.The patient’s plasma homocysteine levels were 10 times higher than normal,and brain MRI revealed brain atrophy and significant abnormal signals in the bilateral paraventricular nuclei and heads of the bilateral caudate nuclei.Further genetic testing identified a paternal mutation c.1604G>A(p.R535Q)and a maternal mutation c.227T>G(p.L76R)of the MTHFR gene.After betaine supplementation,the plasma homocysteine levels decreased within a week,and the symptoms improved.The patient was ultimately diagnosed with severe hyperhomocysteinemia due to MTHFR deficiency.The c.227T>G(p.L76R)mutation represents a novel missense mutation in the MTHFR gene associated with MTHFR deficiency,but further research is needed to confirm its potential pathogenicity.Early treatment with betaine can fully reverse the symptoms.展开更多
文摘目的:遗传性球形红细胞增多症(hereditary spherocytosis,HS)是最常见的遗传性红细胞膜缺陷病,主要表现为贫血、黄疸、脾大。由于部分患者临床表现不典型、家族史阴性,加上传统的实验室检查敏感性和特异性均较低,常导致漏诊、误诊。目前已明确ANK1、SPTB、SPTA1、SLC4A1和EPB42基因突变可引起其对应的编码蛋白质缺失,进而导致红细胞膜缺陷。本研究旨在分析HS基因诊断的可行性和临床应用价值。方法:回顾性收集2018年1月至2021年9月中南大学湘雅二医院血液内科收治的26例中国湖南HS患者的资料,分析其临床表现和实验室检测结果。应用二代测序(next-generation sequencing,NGS)结合Sanger测序,检测HS致病基因突变和胆红素代谢调控关键酶尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶1家族多肽A1(uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase 1 family polypeptide A1,UGT1A1)变异。根据美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会(American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics,ACMG)发布的《序列变异解释的标准和指南》进行致病基因变异判读。分析不同基因变异类型患者的临床特征,并对其临床诊断和基因诊断进行对比分析。结果:在26例HS患者中,贫血23例、黄疸25例、脾大24例、胆石症14例;16例有家族史,10例无家族史;25例HS致病基因突变检测结果为阳性,1例阴性。19个家系共检出18个HS致病基因杂合变异,其中14个为致病性变异,1个可能致病性变异,3个意义未明变异。SPTB突变(12个)和ANK1突变(4个)最多。变异类型以无义突变为主(9个)。SPTB突变组与ANK1突变组相比,外周血红细胞参数及溶血指标的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。ANK1突变组切脾率高于SPTB突变组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.970,P=0.014)。不同突变类型(无义突变、移码突变、剪接位点突变及错义突变)组间外周血红细胞参数及溶血指标差异亦均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。临床确诊的18例患者中,17例与基因诊断一致;临床疑诊患者8例,均经HS致病基因突变检测确诊。24例HS患者行UGT1A1变异检测,5例患者携带UGT1A1变异导致酶活性降低,19例酶活性正常。酶活性降低组较酶活性正常组的总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)水平高,差异具有统计学意义(U=22,P=0.038)。结论:大多数HS患者有贫血、黄疸和脾大,常合并胆石症。中国湖南HS致病基因突变以SPTB和ANK1突变最常见,基因型与临床表型无明显相关性。基因诊断与临床诊断高度一致。UGT1A1酶活性降低可导致HS患者黄疸程度加重。临床联合基因诊断有利于HS的快速、精准诊断;而UGT1A1酶活性相关基因变异检测对HS黄疸评估有重要意义。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(81971696)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2022JJ30861),China.
文摘Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the MTHFR gene,leading to a variety of clinical manifestations.In October 2022,the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University admitted a 21-year-old male patient with neuropsychiatric disorders,presenting primarily with cognitive decline,limb tremors,abnormal mental and behavioral symptoms,seizures,and gait disturbances.These symptoms had gradually developed over 5 years,worsening significantly in the past year.The patient’s plasma homocysteine levels were 10 times higher than normal,and brain MRI revealed brain atrophy and significant abnormal signals in the bilateral paraventricular nuclei and heads of the bilateral caudate nuclei.Further genetic testing identified a paternal mutation c.1604G>A(p.R535Q)and a maternal mutation c.227T>G(p.L76R)of the MTHFR gene.After betaine supplementation,the plasma homocysteine levels decreased within a week,and the symptoms improved.The patient was ultimately diagnosed with severe hyperhomocysteinemia due to MTHFR deficiency.The c.227T>G(p.L76R)mutation represents a novel missense mutation in the MTHFR gene associated with MTHFR deficiency,but further research is needed to confirm its potential pathogenicity.Early treatment with betaine can fully reverse the symptoms.
