Objective:Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive primary malignant bone tumor commonly seen in children and adolescents,with a poor prognosis.Anchorage-dependent cell death(anoikis)has been proven to be indispensable in ...Objective:Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive primary malignant bone tumor commonly seen in children and adolescents,with a poor prognosis.Anchorage-dependent cell death(anoikis)has been proven to be indispensable in tumor metastasis,regulating the migration and adhesion of tumor cells at the primary site.However,as a type of programmed cell death,anoikis is rarely studied in osteosarcoma,especially in the tumor immune microenvironment.This study aims to clarify prognostic value of anoikis and tumor immune microenvironment-related gene in the treatment of osteosarcoma.Methods:Anoikis-related genes(ANRGs)were obtained from GeneCards.Clinical information and ANRGs expression profiles of osteosarcoma patients were sourced from the therapeutically applicable research to generate effective therapies and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases.ANRGs highly associated with tumor immune microenvironment were identified by the estimate package and the weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)algorithm.Machine learning algorithms were performed to construct long-term survival predictive strategy,each sample was divided into high-risk and low-risk subgroups,which was further verified in the GEO cohort.Finally,based on single-cell RNA-seq from the GEO database,analysis was done on the function of signature genes in the osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment.Results:A total of 51 hub ANRGs closely associated with the tumor microenvironment were identified,from which 3 genes(MERTK,BNIP3,S100A8)were selected to construct the prognostic model.Significant differences in immune cell activation and immune-related signaling pathways were observed between the high-risk and low-risk groups based on tumor microenvironment analysis(all P<0.05).Additionally,characteristic genes within the osteosarcoma microenvironment were identified in regulation of intercellular crosstalk through the GAS6-MERTK signaling pathway.Conclusion:The prognostic model based on ANRGs and tumor microenvironment demonstrate good predictive power and provide more personalized treatment options for patients with osteosarcoma.展开更多
近年发展起来的人工核酸酶可通过引起特定位点的DNA双链断裂实现对目的片段的有效编辑。为进一步提高碱基修改的效率和精确度,2016年研究者们利用CRISPR/Cas9识别特定DNA序列的功能,结合胞嘧啶脱氨酶的生化活性发明了将胞嘧啶高效转换...近年发展起来的人工核酸酶可通过引起特定位点的DNA双链断裂实现对目的片段的有效编辑。为进一步提高碱基修改的效率和精确度,2016年研究者们利用CRISPR/Cas9识别特定DNA序列的功能,结合胞嘧啶脱氨酶的生化活性发明了将胞嘧啶高效转换为胸腺嘧啶(C>T)的嘧啶单碱基编辑系统(base editor)。这一系统虽然能精准实现嘧啶直接转换,大大提高精确基因编辑效率,但美中不足的是无法对嘌呤进行修改。近期,Nature报道了将细菌中的t RNA腺嘌呤脱氨酶定向进化形成具有催化DNA腺嘌呤底物的脱氨酶,将其与Cas9系统融合发明了具有高效催化腺嘌呤转换为鸟嘌呤的新工具—腺嘌呤单碱基编辑系统(ABEs,adenine base editors)。本文总结了单碱基编辑工具的发展历程和最新研究进展,着重介绍ABEs的研发过程,并对单碱基编辑工具今后的应用方向和研发方向进行展望。展开更多
药物代谢与药代动力学(drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics,DMPK)是研究药物的吸收(absorption)、分布(distribution)、代谢(metabolism)和排泄(excretion)过程的科学,评估药物的DMPK特征对药物的前期开发和后期临床精准用药至关重...药物代谢与药代动力学(drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics,DMPK)是研究药物的吸收(absorption)、分布(distribution)、代谢(metabolism)和排泄(excretion)过程的科学,评估药物的DMPK特征对药物的前期开发和后期临床精准用药至关重要。药物代谢模型的创新构建促进了药物DMPK评估体系的发展和完善。本文基于我们的研究成果,总结了药物代谢创新模型的最新进展与应用,主要关注以下两个方面:(1)CRISPR/Cas9(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated)技术创新构建药物代谢酶(包括CYP2E1,CYP3A1/2,CYP2J3/10,CYP1A2)和药物转运体(包括P-gp,OATP1B2)基因敲除(knockout,KO)大鼠模型,并应用于DMPK及其生理功能相关研究;(2)创新性将小鼠和人小肠3D类器官(organoids)应用到ABC(P-gp,BCRP,MRP2)转运蛋白的功能研究。上述药物代谢创新动物模型和类器官模型,不仅有利于评价药物代谢酶和转运体在DMPK中的作用,还有助于深入认识其在机体正常生理活动中的作用功能。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(82172594 and 82373046)the Hunan Graduate Research Innovation Project(CX20230318),China.
文摘Objective:Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive primary malignant bone tumor commonly seen in children and adolescents,with a poor prognosis.Anchorage-dependent cell death(anoikis)has been proven to be indispensable in tumor metastasis,regulating the migration and adhesion of tumor cells at the primary site.However,as a type of programmed cell death,anoikis is rarely studied in osteosarcoma,especially in the tumor immune microenvironment.This study aims to clarify prognostic value of anoikis and tumor immune microenvironment-related gene in the treatment of osteosarcoma.Methods:Anoikis-related genes(ANRGs)were obtained from GeneCards.Clinical information and ANRGs expression profiles of osteosarcoma patients were sourced from the therapeutically applicable research to generate effective therapies and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases.ANRGs highly associated with tumor immune microenvironment were identified by the estimate package and the weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)algorithm.Machine learning algorithms were performed to construct long-term survival predictive strategy,each sample was divided into high-risk and low-risk subgroups,which was further verified in the GEO cohort.Finally,based on single-cell RNA-seq from the GEO database,analysis was done on the function of signature genes in the osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment.Results:A total of 51 hub ANRGs closely associated with the tumor microenvironment were identified,from which 3 genes(MERTK,BNIP3,S100A8)were selected to construct the prognostic model.Significant differences in immune cell activation and immune-related signaling pathways were observed between the high-risk and low-risk groups based on tumor microenvironment analysis(all P<0.05).Additionally,characteristic genes within the osteosarcoma microenvironment were identified in regulation of intercellular crosstalk through the GAS6-MERTK signaling pathway.Conclusion:The prognostic model based on ANRGs and tumor microenvironment demonstrate good predictive power and provide more personalized treatment options for patients with osteosarcoma.
文摘近年发展起来的人工核酸酶可通过引起特定位点的DNA双链断裂实现对目的片段的有效编辑。为进一步提高碱基修改的效率和精确度,2016年研究者们利用CRISPR/Cas9识别特定DNA序列的功能,结合胞嘧啶脱氨酶的生化活性发明了将胞嘧啶高效转换为胸腺嘧啶(C>T)的嘧啶单碱基编辑系统(base editor)。这一系统虽然能精准实现嘧啶直接转换,大大提高精确基因编辑效率,但美中不足的是无法对嘌呤进行修改。近期,Nature报道了将细菌中的t RNA腺嘌呤脱氨酶定向进化形成具有催化DNA腺嘌呤底物的脱氨酶,将其与Cas9系统融合发明了具有高效催化腺嘌呤转换为鸟嘌呤的新工具—腺嘌呤单碱基编辑系统(ABEs,adenine base editors)。本文总结了单碱基编辑工具的发展历程和最新研究进展,着重介绍ABEs的研发过程,并对单碱基编辑工具今后的应用方向和研发方向进行展望。
文摘药物代谢与药代动力学(drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics,DMPK)是研究药物的吸收(absorption)、分布(distribution)、代谢(metabolism)和排泄(excretion)过程的科学,评估药物的DMPK特征对药物的前期开发和后期临床精准用药至关重要。药物代谢模型的创新构建促进了药物DMPK评估体系的发展和完善。本文基于我们的研究成果,总结了药物代谢创新模型的最新进展与应用,主要关注以下两个方面:(1)CRISPR/Cas9(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated)技术创新构建药物代谢酶(包括CYP2E1,CYP3A1/2,CYP2J3/10,CYP1A2)和药物转运体(包括P-gp,OATP1B2)基因敲除(knockout,KO)大鼠模型,并应用于DMPK及其生理功能相关研究;(2)创新性将小鼠和人小肠3D类器官(organoids)应用到ABC(P-gp,BCRP,MRP2)转运蛋白的功能研究。上述药物代谢创新动物模型和类器官模型,不仅有利于评价药物代谢酶和转运体在DMPK中的作用,还有助于深入认识其在机体正常生理活动中的作用功能。
