At the 19th G20 Summit in Brazil in November 2024,China promoted the development of sustainable solutions to climate change,biodiversity loss,and environmental pollution.This continued the theme of the 2016 G20 Hangzh...At the 19th G20 Summit in Brazil in November 2024,China promoted the development of sustainable solutions to climate change,biodiversity loss,and environmental pollution.This continued the theme of the 2016 G20 Hangzhou Summit,at which China placed development at the center of the G20’s macroeconomic policy coordination for the first time,adopting the G20 Action Plan on the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the G20 Initiative on Supporting Industrialization in Africa and Least Developed Countries.In Brazil,China announced actions on advancing modernization in Africa over the next three years with a Chinese commitment of RMB360 billion yuan in financial support.In this article,we examine the potential role of geoscience research and practice in development,particularly in the sustainable use of natural resources,the prevention of climate change impacts,as well as mitigation of geo-hazards and their health implications,indicating the areas where China’s geoscience for Africa is strong and where it requires more effort.We find that although China is the world’s leading publisher of scientific papers,its contribution to geoscience in Africa(the globe’s fastest-growing economic area),as shown by bibliometric research,appears to be rather small and inconsistent with the research priorities of Africa.Amongst the priorities for geoscience research in Africa,which are not addressed substantially by the research conducted so far,are sustainable mineral and hydrocarbon development,hydrology and hydrogeology,climate change and resilience,natural hazards,medical geology,agrominerals,and geoscience education and training.A particular opportunity for African nations is the presence of critical minerals-minerals needed for the energy transition and for batteries for electric cars in particular.Africa is well-endowed with many of these critical materials,such as rare earth elements and platinum group metals.Several research groups stress the need for the agency on the part of African institutions to map out these valuable resources,understand their value and the economics and sustainability of their extraction,encourage local business,attract investment,and scrutinize proposals from potential international investors to get the best deals.A strong point of existing China-led geoscience development includes the Deep-time Digital Earth(DDE)program online computing platform and its artificial intelligence tool GeoGPT,which is being developed in partnership with Zhejiang Laboratory.These are being developed with strong China funding support for free and wide global access,with a particular focus on Africa.These advanced tools will help to place the agency of development squarely in the hands of African scientists and institutions.In summary,the following are recommended:(1)a more coordinated and strategic approach to China-led geoscience research in Africa;(2)an Africa-centered,geoscience funding initiative that concentrates on relevant topics to the continent such as critical minerals exploration and other geological resources,materials and processes and their health implications on the populations and ecosystems in general,as well as climate change and climate change resilience;and(3)continued support for China-led international initiatives that seek to increase the agency and capacity of Africa geoscience researchers,for example the Deep-time Digital Earth platform.展开更多
Perleididae is a group of stem neopterygian fishes known only from the Triassic.Here,we report the discovery of a new perleidid,Teffichthys wui sp.nov.,based on six well-preserved specimens from the late Smithian(Olen...Perleididae is a group of stem neopterygian fishes known only from the Triassic.Here,we report the discovery of a new perleidid,Teffichthys wui sp.nov.,based on six well-preserved specimens from the late Smithian(Olenekian,Early Triassic)marine deposits of Jurong,Jiangsu and Chaohu,Anhui,China.This new discovery documents the third and youngest species of Teffichthys,which is slightly younger than the Dienerian(Induan)T.elegans from Guizhou and the early Smithian T.madagascariensis from Madagascar.The new species shows diagnostic features of Teffichthys(presence of a spiracular,38-41 lateral line scales,and no more than three epaxial rays in the caudal fin)but differs from T.madagascariensis and T.elegans in some autapomorphies(e.g.,a horizontal opercle/subopercle contact and smooth scales with a nearly straight posterior margin).The diagnostic features for the genus Teffichthys and the family Perleididae are emended based on detailed comparisons of the new taxon with other perleidids.The phylogenetic relationships of perleidids with other stem neopterygians are discussed using a cladistic approach,and the results provide new insights into the phylogeny and classification of main stem neopterygian clades.展开更多
Strontium-90,a highly radioactive isotope,accumulates within the food chain and skeletal structure,posing significant risks to human health.There is a critical need for a sensitive detection strategy for Strontium-90 ...Strontium-90,a highly radioactive isotope,accumulates within the food chain and skeletal structure,posing significant risks to human health.There is a critical need for a sensitive detection strategy for Strontium-90 in complex environmental samples.Here,solid-state nanochannels,modified with metal-organic frameworks(MOF)and specific aptamers,were engineered for highly sensitive detection of strontium ion(Sr^(2+)).The synergistic effect between the reduced effective diameter of the nanochannels due to MOF and the specific binding of Sr^(2+) by aptamers amplifies the difference in ionic current signals,enhancing detection sensitivity significantly.The MOF-modified nanochannels exhibit highly sensitive detection of Sr^(2+),with a limit of detection(LOD)being 0.03 nmol·L^(-1),whereas the LOD for anodized aluminum oxide(AAO)without the modified MOF nanosheets is only 1000 nmol·L^(-1).These findings indicate that the LOD of Sr^(2+) detected by the MOF-modified nanochannels is approximately 33,000 times higher than that by the nanochannels without MOF modification.Additionally,the highly reliable detection of Sr^(2+) in various water samples was achieved,with a recovery rate ranging from 94.00%to 118.70%.This study provides valuable insights into the rapidly advancing field of advanced nanochannel-based sensors and their diverse applications for analyzing complex samples,including environmental contaminant detection,food analysis,medical diagnostics,and more.展开更多
Inducing the classic strong metal-support interaction(SMSI)is an effective approach to enhance the performance of supported metal catalysts by encapsulating the metal nanoparticles(NPs)with supports.Conventional therm...Inducing the classic strong metal-support interaction(SMSI)is an effective approach to enhance the performance of supported metal catalysts by encapsulating the metal nanoparticles(NPs)with supports.Conventional thermal reduction method for inducing SMSI processes is often accompanied by undesirable structural evolution of metal NPs.In this study,a mild electrochemical method has been developed as a new approach to induce SMSI,using the cable structured core@shell CNT@SnO_(2) loaded Pt NPs as a proof of concept.The induced SnO_(x) encapsulation layer on the surface of Pt NPs can protect Pt NPs from the poisoned of CO impurity in hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR),and the HOR current density could still maintain 85% for 2000 s with 10,000 ppm CO in H_(2),while the commercial Pt/C is completely inactivated.In addition,the electrons transfer from SnO_(x) to Pt NPs improved the HOR activity of the E-Pt-CNT@SnO_(2),achieving the excellent exchange current density of 1.55 A·mgPt^(-1).In situ Raman spectra and theoretical calculations show that the key to the electrochemical-method-induced SMSI is the formation of defects and the migration of SnO_(x) caused by the electrochemical redox operation,and the weakening the SneO bond strength by Pt NPs.展开更多
The Damintun sub-basin is one of the four sub-basins in the Liaohe basin in North China, and regarded as a rift basin initiated in the Paleogene. Synthesizing the data from boreholes, well tests and seismic surveys, t...The Damintun sub-basin is one of the four sub-basins in the Liaohe basin in North China, and regarded as a rift basin initiated in the Paleogene. Synthesizing the data from boreholes, well tests and seismic surveys, the characteristics of pressure of the Damintun sub-basin are discussed in detail. From the data of sonic logs in 57 wells, shale in the Damintun sub-basin could be of normally pressured, overpressured or highly overpressured characteristics. From 391 pres-sure measurements from 152 wells, pressure-depth gradient in oil-producing intervals is near to unity in general. The fluid-pressures, excess pressures and pressure coefficients in 47 representative seismic profiles were predicted using seismic methods. The resultant pressure profiles showed normal pressure, slight overpressure and intense overpressure increasing with depth. Using the basic principles of fluid pressure evolution and data from drilling, lithology and well tests,the pres-sure evolution in profiles was restored. It showed that the pressure evolution can be divided into three stages of initial over-pressure accumulation, partly overpressure dissipation and overpressure re- accumulation. The intensities of abnormal pres-sures in the Damintun sub-basin were less than those in other areas in the Bohai Bay basin.展开更多
文摘At the 19th G20 Summit in Brazil in November 2024,China promoted the development of sustainable solutions to climate change,biodiversity loss,and environmental pollution.This continued the theme of the 2016 G20 Hangzhou Summit,at which China placed development at the center of the G20’s macroeconomic policy coordination for the first time,adopting the G20 Action Plan on the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the G20 Initiative on Supporting Industrialization in Africa and Least Developed Countries.In Brazil,China announced actions on advancing modernization in Africa over the next three years with a Chinese commitment of RMB360 billion yuan in financial support.In this article,we examine the potential role of geoscience research and practice in development,particularly in the sustainable use of natural resources,the prevention of climate change impacts,as well as mitigation of geo-hazards and their health implications,indicating the areas where China’s geoscience for Africa is strong and where it requires more effort.We find that although China is the world’s leading publisher of scientific papers,its contribution to geoscience in Africa(the globe’s fastest-growing economic area),as shown by bibliometric research,appears to be rather small and inconsistent with the research priorities of Africa.Amongst the priorities for geoscience research in Africa,which are not addressed substantially by the research conducted so far,are sustainable mineral and hydrocarbon development,hydrology and hydrogeology,climate change and resilience,natural hazards,medical geology,agrominerals,and geoscience education and training.A particular opportunity for African nations is the presence of critical minerals-minerals needed for the energy transition and for batteries for electric cars in particular.Africa is well-endowed with many of these critical materials,such as rare earth elements and platinum group metals.Several research groups stress the need for the agency on the part of African institutions to map out these valuable resources,understand their value and the economics and sustainability of their extraction,encourage local business,attract investment,and scrutinize proposals from potential international investors to get the best deals.A strong point of existing China-led geoscience development includes the Deep-time Digital Earth(DDE)program online computing platform and its artificial intelligence tool GeoGPT,which is being developed in partnership with Zhejiang Laboratory.These are being developed with strong China funding support for free and wide global access,with a particular focus on Africa.These advanced tools will help to place the agency of development squarely in the hands of African scientists and institutions.In summary,the following are recommended:(1)a more coordinated and strategic approach to China-led geoscience research in Africa;(2)an Africa-centered,geoscience funding initiative that concentrates on relevant topics to the continent such as critical minerals exploration and other geological resources,materials and processes and their health implications on the populations and ecosystems in general,as well as climate change and climate change resilience;and(3)continued support for China-led international initiatives that seek to increase the agency and capacity of Africa geoscience researchers,for example the Deep-time Digital Earth platform.
文摘Perleididae is a group of stem neopterygian fishes known only from the Triassic.Here,we report the discovery of a new perleidid,Teffichthys wui sp.nov.,based on six well-preserved specimens from the late Smithian(Olenekian,Early Triassic)marine deposits of Jurong,Jiangsu and Chaohu,Anhui,China.This new discovery documents the third and youngest species of Teffichthys,which is slightly younger than the Dienerian(Induan)T.elegans from Guizhou and the early Smithian T.madagascariensis from Madagascar.The new species shows diagnostic features of Teffichthys(presence of a spiracular,38-41 lateral line scales,and no more than three epaxial rays in the caudal fin)but differs from T.madagascariensis and T.elegans in some autapomorphies(e.g.,a horizontal opercle/subopercle contact and smooth scales with a nearly straight posterior margin).The diagnostic features for the genus Teffichthys and the family Perleididae are emended based on detailed comparisons of the new taxon with other perleidids.The phylogenetic relationships of perleidids with other stem neopterygians are discussed using a cladistic approach,and the results provide new insights into the phylogeny and classification of main stem neopterygian clades.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22090050,No.22090052,No.22176180)National Basic Research Program of China(No.2021YFA1200400)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2024AFA001)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220530162406014)。
文摘Strontium-90,a highly radioactive isotope,accumulates within the food chain and skeletal structure,posing significant risks to human health.There is a critical need for a sensitive detection strategy for Strontium-90 in complex environmental samples.Here,solid-state nanochannels,modified with metal-organic frameworks(MOF)and specific aptamers,were engineered for highly sensitive detection of strontium ion(Sr^(2+)).The synergistic effect between the reduced effective diameter of the nanochannels due to MOF and the specific binding of Sr^(2+) by aptamers amplifies the difference in ionic current signals,enhancing detection sensitivity significantly.The MOF-modified nanochannels exhibit highly sensitive detection of Sr^(2+),with a limit of detection(LOD)being 0.03 nmol·L^(-1),whereas the LOD for anodized aluminum oxide(AAO)without the modified MOF nanosheets is only 1000 nmol·L^(-1).These findings indicate that the LOD of Sr^(2+) detected by the MOF-modified nanochannels is approximately 33,000 times higher than that by the nanochannels without MOF modification.Additionally,the highly reliable detection of Sr^(2+) in various water samples was achieved,with a recovery rate ranging from 94.00%to 118.70%.This study provides valuable insights into the rapidly advancing field of advanced nanochannel-based sensors and their diverse applications for analyzing complex samples,including environmental contaminant detection,food analysis,medical diagnostics,and more.
基金the“National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22122202)”.
文摘Inducing the classic strong metal-support interaction(SMSI)is an effective approach to enhance the performance of supported metal catalysts by encapsulating the metal nanoparticles(NPs)with supports.Conventional thermal reduction method for inducing SMSI processes is often accompanied by undesirable structural evolution of metal NPs.In this study,a mild electrochemical method has been developed as a new approach to induce SMSI,using the cable structured core@shell CNT@SnO_(2) loaded Pt NPs as a proof of concept.The induced SnO_(x) encapsulation layer on the surface of Pt NPs can protect Pt NPs from the poisoned of CO impurity in hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR),and the HOR current density could still maintain 85% for 2000 s with 10,000 ppm CO in H_(2),while the commercial Pt/C is completely inactivated.In addition,the electrons transfer from SnO_(x) to Pt NPs improved the HOR activity of the E-Pt-CNT@SnO_(2),achieving the excellent exchange current density of 1.55 A·mgPt^(-1).In situ Raman spectra and theoretical calculations show that the key to the electrochemical-method-induced SMSI is the formation of defects and the migration of SnO_(x) caused by the electrochemical redox operation,and the weakening the SneO bond strength by Pt NPs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundationof China(No.40172051)the Foundation for University KeyTeacher by the Ministry of Education in China(No.GG-170-10491-1460)
文摘The Damintun sub-basin is one of the four sub-basins in the Liaohe basin in North China, and regarded as a rift basin initiated in the Paleogene. Synthesizing the data from boreholes, well tests and seismic surveys, the characteristics of pressure of the Damintun sub-basin are discussed in detail. From the data of sonic logs in 57 wells, shale in the Damintun sub-basin could be of normally pressured, overpressured or highly overpressured characteristics. From 391 pres-sure measurements from 152 wells, pressure-depth gradient in oil-producing intervals is near to unity in general. The fluid-pressures, excess pressures and pressure coefficients in 47 representative seismic profiles were predicted using seismic methods. The resultant pressure profiles showed normal pressure, slight overpressure and intense overpressure increasing with depth. Using the basic principles of fluid pressure evolution and data from drilling, lithology and well tests,the pres-sure evolution in profiles was restored. It showed that the pressure evolution can be divided into three stages of initial over-pressure accumulation, partly overpressure dissipation and overpressure re- accumulation. The intensities of abnormal pres-sures in the Damintun sub-basin were less than those in other areas in the Bohai Bay basin.
