Using three-dimensional, unsteady N-S equations and k-ε turbulence model, the effect of ambient wind on the pressure wave generated by a high-speed train entering a tunnel was studied via numerical simulation. Pressu...Using three-dimensional, unsteady N-S equations and k-ε turbulence model, the effect of ambient wind on the pressure wave generated by a high-speed train entering a tunnel was studied via numerical simulation. Pressure changes of the train surface and tunnel wall were obtained as well as the flow field around the train. Results show that when the train runs downwind, the pressure change is smaller than that generated when there is no wind. When the train runs upwind, the pressure change is larger. The pressure change is more sensitive in the upwind condition than in the downwind condition. Compared with no wind condition, when the wind velocity is 10 m/s and 30 m/s, the pressure amplitude on the train head is reduced by 2.8% and 10.5%, respectively. The wall pressure amplitude at 400 m away from the tunnel entrance is reduced by 2.4% and 13.5%, respectively. When the wind velocity is-10 m/s and-30 m/s, the pressure amplitude on the train head increases by 3.0% and 17.7%, respectively. The wall pressure amplitude at 400 m away from the tunnel entrance increases by 3.6% and 18.6%, respectively. The pressure waveform slightly changes under ambient wind due to the influence of ambient wind on the pressure wave propagation speed.展开更多
The equations governing wind-induced internal pressure responses for a two-compartment building with a dominant opening and background porosity were derived.The unsteady form of the Bernoulli equation,the law of mass ...The equations governing wind-induced internal pressure responses for a two-compartment building with a dominant opening and background porosity were derived.The unsteady form of the Bernoulli equation,the law of mass conservation,and adiabatic equation were used for the derivation.The precision of the governing equations was verified by a wind tunnel test on a rigid model of a low-rise building.The results show that the governing equations can effectively analyze the wind-induced internal pressure responses.The internal pressure responses in both compartments are suppressed due to the additional damping provided by background porosity.The responses of internal pressure in both compartments,especially in the compartment without an external opening,decrease with increased lumped leakage area.展开更多
The negative DC corona discharge in air at atmospheric pressure was investigated in a needle-to-water system to obtain the pressure distribution of corona ionic wind.The deformation of water surface was measured and t...The negative DC corona discharge in air at atmospheric pressure was investigated in a needle-to-water system to obtain the pressure distribution of corona ionic wind.The deformation of water surface was measured and the distribution of wind pressure over the water surface was calculated.The effects of varying discharge parameters,such as applied voltage,gap spacing,tip radius of needle,and the shape of grounded electrode,on the wind pressure were studied.The measured wind pressure ranges from several Pa to several tens of Pa and up to 33 Pa over a small area;the pressure is comparatively large in the center and decreases quickly outwards.In the experiment system,a higher voltage on a 3 mm gap resulted in a stronger pressure of the ionic wind;around the onset voltage,using a needle with tip radius of 50μm obtained a larger wind pressure than using a needle with 100μm tip radius,but the latter one can produce larger pressure at higher voltages.Plus,the shape of the grounded electrode only influences the wind pressure a little.展开更多
A wind tunnel test was conducted for a large steel gymnasium structure. Simultaneous pressure measurements were made on its entire ellipsoidal roof in a simulated suburban boundary layer flow field. Special attention ...A wind tunnel test was conducted for a large steel gymnasium structure. Simultaneous pressure measurements were made on its entire ellipsoidal roof in a simulated suburban boundary layer flow field. Special attention is paid to the charaeteristics of fluctuating wind pressures in different zones on the roof. Some selected results are presented： 1） correlations between fluctuating wind pressures on both roof surfaces, 2） eigenvalues and eigenvectors of covariance matrices of the fluctuating wind pressures, 3） probability distributions of the fluctuating wind pressures, and 4） statistical characteristics of peak factor. Furthermore, the applicability of the quasi-steady approach is discussed in detail. Based on the results, an empirical formula for estimating the minimum pressure coefficients, using a peak factor approach, is presented. Comparison of the minimum pressure coefficients determined by the proposed formula and those obtained from the wind tunnel tests is made to examine the applicability and accuracy of the proposed formula.展开更多
本文研究了2000年10月5日磁暴主相两个不同时段期间环电流的变化速度与相应太阳风参数的关系.研究发现,磁暴主相期间环电流的变化速度并不取决于行星际磁场南向分量的平均值和最大值,也不取决于太阳风电场的平均值和最大值.本文的研究证...本文研究了2000年10月5日磁暴主相两个不同时段期间环电流的变化速度与相应太阳风参数的关系.研究发现,磁暴主相期间环电流的变化速度并不取决于行星际磁场南向分量的平均值和最大值,也不取决于太阳风电场的平均值和最大值.本文的研究证明,磁暴环电流增强期间环电流的变化速度,不仅取决于行星际磁场南向分量和太阳风的速度,还取决于太阳风的动压,而且太阳风的动压起着非常重要的作用.研究还发现,采用Burton et al.(1975)方程和O′Brien,McPherron (2000a)方程估算得到的2000年10月5日的两次地磁活动的强度远低于实际的观测值.展开更多
基金Projects(U1134203,51575538)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014T001-A)supported by the Technological Research and Development Program of China Railways CorporationProject(2015ZZTS210)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central South Universities of China
文摘Using three-dimensional, unsteady N-S equations and k-ε turbulence model, the effect of ambient wind on the pressure wave generated by a high-speed train entering a tunnel was studied via numerical simulation. Pressure changes of the train surface and tunnel wall were obtained as well as the flow field around the train. Results show that when the train runs downwind, the pressure change is smaller than that generated when there is no wind. When the train runs upwind, the pressure change is larger. The pressure change is more sensitive in the upwind condition than in the downwind condition. Compared with no wind condition, when the wind velocity is 10 m/s and 30 m/s, the pressure amplitude on the train head is reduced by 2.8% and 10.5%, respectively. The wall pressure amplitude at 400 m away from the tunnel entrance is reduced by 2.4% and 13.5%, respectively. When the wind velocity is-10 m/s and-30 m/s, the pressure amplitude on the train head increases by 3.0% and 17.7%, respectively. The wall pressure amplitude at 400 m away from the tunnel entrance increases by 3.6% and 18.6%, respectively. The pressure waveform slightly changes under ambient wind due to the influence of ambient wind on the pressure wave propagation speed.
基金Project(90715040) supported by the Major Research Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(50878159) supported by the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The equations governing wind-induced internal pressure responses for a two-compartment building with a dominant opening and background porosity were derived.The unsteady form of the Bernoulli equation,the law of mass conservation,and adiabatic equation were used for the derivation.The precision of the governing equations was verified by a wind tunnel test on a rigid model of a low-rise building.The results show that the governing equations can effectively analyze the wind-induced internal pressure responses.The internal pressure responses in both compartments are suppressed due to the additional damping provided by background porosity.The responses of internal pressure in both compartments,especially in the compartment without an external opening,decrease with increased lumped leakage area.
基金Project supported by National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electro-mechanical Dynamic Control of China(2011C3606)
文摘The negative DC corona discharge in air at atmospheric pressure was investigated in a needle-to-water system to obtain the pressure distribution of corona ionic wind.The deformation of water surface was measured and the distribution of wind pressure over the water surface was calculated.The effects of varying discharge parameters,such as applied voltage,gap spacing,tip radius of needle,and the shape of grounded electrode,on the wind pressure were studied.The measured wind pressure ranges from several Pa to several tens of Pa and up to 33 Pa over a small area;the pressure is comparatively large in the center and decreases quickly outwards.In the experiment system,a higher voltage on a 3 mm gap resulted in a stronger pressure of the ionic wind;around the onset voltage,using a needle with tip radius of 50μm obtained a larger wind pressure than using a needle with 100μm tip radius,but the latter one can produce larger pressure at higher voltages.Plus,the shape of the grounded electrode only influences the wind pressure a little.
基金Project(50978063) supported by the National Science Foundation of ChinaProject(NCET-09-0082) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Chinese UniversitiesProject(121072) supported by the Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation for Young Teachers in the Higher Education Institutions of China
文摘A wind tunnel test was conducted for a large steel gymnasium structure. Simultaneous pressure measurements were made on its entire ellipsoidal roof in a simulated suburban boundary layer flow field. Special attention is paid to the charaeteristics of fluctuating wind pressures in different zones on the roof. Some selected results are presented： 1） correlations between fluctuating wind pressures on both roof surfaces, 2） eigenvalues and eigenvectors of covariance matrices of the fluctuating wind pressures, 3） probability distributions of the fluctuating wind pressures, and 4） statistical characteristics of peak factor. Furthermore, the applicability of the quasi-steady approach is discussed in detail. Based on the results, an empirical formula for estimating the minimum pressure coefficients, using a peak factor approach, is presented. Comparison of the minimum pressure coefficients determined by the proposed formula and those obtained from the wind tunnel tests is made to examine the applicability and accuracy of the proposed formula.
文摘本文研究了2000年10月5日磁暴主相两个不同时段期间环电流的变化速度与相应太阳风参数的关系.研究发现,磁暴主相期间环电流的变化速度并不取决于行星际磁场南向分量的平均值和最大值,也不取决于太阳风电场的平均值和最大值.本文的研究证明,磁暴环电流增强期间环电流的变化速度,不仅取决于行星际磁场南向分量和太阳风的速度,还取决于太阳风的动压,而且太阳风的动压起着非常重要的作用.研究还发现,采用Burton et al.(1975)方程和O′Brien,McPherron (2000a)方程估算得到的2000年10月5日的两次地磁活动的强度远低于实际的观测值.
