Water-based aerosol is widely used as an effective strategy in electro-optical countermeasure on the battlefield used to the preponderance of high efficiency,low cost and eco-friendly.Unfortunately,the stability of th...Water-based aerosol is widely used as an effective strategy in electro-optical countermeasure on the battlefield used to the preponderance of high efficiency,low cost and eco-friendly.Unfortunately,the stability of the water-based aerosol is always unsatisfactory due to the rapid evaporation and sedimentation of the aerosol droplets.Great efforts have been devoted to improve the stability of water-based aerosol by using additives with different composition and proportion.However,the lack of the criterion and principle for screening the effective additives results in excessive experimental time consumption and cost.And the stabilization time of the aerosol is still only 30 min,which could not meet the requirements of the perdurable interference.Herein,to improve the stability of water-based aerosol and optimize the complex formulation efficiently,a theoretical calculation method based on thermodynamic entropy theory is proposed.All the factors that influence the shielding effect,including polyol,stabilizer,propellant,water and cosolvent,are considered within calculation.An ultra-stable water-based aerosol with long duration over 120 min is obtained with the optimal fogging agent composition,providing enough time for fighting the electro-optic weapon.Theoretical design guideline for choosing the additives with high phase transition temperature and low phase transition enthalpy is also proposed,which greatly improves the total entropy change and reduce the absolute entropy change of the aerosol cooling process,and gives rise to an enhanced stability of the water-based aerosol.The theoretical calculation methodology contributes to an abstemious time and space for sieving the water-based aerosol with desirable performance and stability,and provides the powerful guarantee to the homeland security.展开更多
The synthetic reaction of HDI biuret polyisocyanate was monitored by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The best reaction process was selected according to the percent age of HDI biuret, and the influence of operati...The synthetic reaction of HDI biuret polyisocyanate was monitored by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The best reaction process was selected according to the percent age of HDI biuret, and the influence of operation conditions on product was also analysed. The results demonstrated that the method of using steam with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) monomer is the best process.Reaction temperature is controlled at 120?℃ and reaction time is controlled at about 7 hours.展开更多
The blocking reaction of polyisocyanates with active hydrogen containing subs tances and the deblocking of the reaction products have been investigated by IR and TGA. The results showed that the initial deblocking tem...The blocking reaction of polyisocyanates with active hydrogen containing subs tances and the deblocking of the reaction products have been investigated by IR and TGA. The results showed that the initial deblocking temperature of the blocked polyisocyanates were mainly determined by active hydrogen substances. The deblocking temperature of toluene diisocyanate blocked with methylethylketoxime was 110 ℃ and this temperature could be more or less reduced by using organic tin catalyst at deblocking reaction.展开更多
基金supported by the Preparation and Characterization of Fogging Agents,Cooperative Project of China(Grant No.1900030040)Preparation and Test of Fogging Agents,Cooperative Project of China(Grant No.2200030085)。
文摘Water-based aerosol is widely used as an effective strategy in electro-optical countermeasure on the battlefield used to the preponderance of high efficiency,low cost and eco-friendly.Unfortunately,the stability of the water-based aerosol is always unsatisfactory due to the rapid evaporation and sedimentation of the aerosol droplets.Great efforts have been devoted to improve the stability of water-based aerosol by using additives with different composition and proportion.However,the lack of the criterion and principle for screening the effective additives results in excessive experimental time consumption and cost.And the stabilization time of the aerosol is still only 30 min,which could not meet the requirements of the perdurable interference.Herein,to improve the stability of water-based aerosol and optimize the complex formulation efficiently,a theoretical calculation method based on thermodynamic entropy theory is proposed.All the factors that influence the shielding effect,including polyol,stabilizer,propellant,water and cosolvent,are considered within calculation.An ultra-stable water-based aerosol with long duration over 120 min is obtained with the optimal fogging agent composition,providing enough time for fighting the electro-optic weapon.Theoretical design guideline for choosing the additives with high phase transition temperature and low phase transition enthalpy is also proposed,which greatly improves the total entropy change and reduce the absolute entropy change of the aerosol cooling process,and gives rise to an enhanced stability of the water-based aerosol.The theoretical calculation methodology contributes to an abstemious time and space for sieving the water-based aerosol with desirable performance and stability,and provides the powerful guarantee to the homeland security.
文摘The synthetic reaction of HDI biuret polyisocyanate was monitored by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The best reaction process was selected according to the percent age of HDI biuret, and the influence of operation conditions on product was also analysed. The results demonstrated that the method of using steam with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) monomer is the best process.Reaction temperature is controlled at 120?℃ and reaction time is controlled at about 7 hours.
文摘The blocking reaction of polyisocyanates with active hydrogen containing subs tances and the deblocking of the reaction products have been investigated by IR and TGA. The results showed that the initial deblocking temperature of the blocked polyisocyanates were mainly determined by active hydrogen substances. The deblocking temperature of toluene diisocyanate blocked with methylethylketoxime was 110 ℃ and this temperature could be more or less reduced by using organic tin catalyst at deblocking reaction.
