Hydrogen(H2)production is a latent feasibility of renewable clean energy.The industrial H2 production is obtained from reforming of natural gas,which consumes a large amount of nonrenewable energy and simultaneously p...Hydrogen(H2)production is a latent feasibility of renewable clean energy.The industrial H2 production is obtained from reforming of natural gas,which consumes a large amount of nonrenewable energy and simultaneously produces greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.Electrochemical water splitting is a promising approach for the H2 production,which is sustainable and pollution-free.Therefore,developing efficient and economic technologies for electrochemical water splitting has been an important goal for researchers around the world.The utilization of green energy systems to reduce overall energy consumption is more important for H2 production.Harvesting and converting energy from the environment by different green energy systems for water splitting can efficiently decrease the external power consumption.A variety of green energy systems for efficient producing H2,such as two-electrode electrolysis of water,water splitting driven by photoelectrode devices,solar cells,thermoelectric devices,triboelectric nanogenerator,pyroelectric device or electrochemical water-gas shift device,have been developed recently.In this review,some notable progress made in the different green energy cells for water splitting is discussed in detail.We hoped this review can guide people to pay more attention to the development of green energy system to generate pollution-free H2 energy,which will realize the whole process of H2 production with low cost,pollution-free and energy sustainability conversion.展开更多
In this paper, the effect of green water impact on a flexible structure is studied based on three-step computational fluid dynamics(CFD)–boundary element method(BEM)–finite element method(FEM) approach. The impact d...In this paper, the effect of green water impact on a flexible structure is studied based on three-step computational fluid dynamics(CFD)–boundary element method(BEM)–finite element method(FEM) approach. The impact due to shipping of water on the deck of the vessel is computed using commercial CFD software and used as an external force in coupled BEM-FEM solver. Other hydrodynamic forces such as radiation, diffraction, and Froude-Krylov forces acting on the structure are evaluated using 3 D time domain panel method. To capture the structural responses such as bending moment and shear force, 1 D finite element method is developed. Moreover, a direct integration scheme based on the Newmark–Beta method is employed to get the structural velocity,displacement, etc., at each time step. To check the effect of the green water impact on the structure, a rectangular barge without forward speed is taken for the analysis. The influence is studied in terms of bending moment, shear force, etc. Results show that the effect of green water impact on the bow region can be severe in extreme seas and lead to various structural damages. Similarly,it is also verified that vessel motion affects green water loading significantly and therefore one must consider its effect while designing a vessel.展开更多
The rapid urbanization and industrialization involve an unsustainable use of natural systems,leading to various problems in cities.The urban hydrological system experiences fluctuating amount of surface runoff water w...The rapid urbanization and industrialization involve an unsustainable use of natural systems,leading to various problems in cities.The urban hydrological system experiences fluctuating amount of surface runoff water when it rains heavily.It has been suggested that green roofs significantly mitigate storm water runoff generation even in tropical climate.Green roofs have become popular due to its proven benefits by mitigating urban heat island effects and protecting biodiversity.The annual rainfall and runoff relationship for green roofs is determined by the depth of the substrate.Water retention capacity mostly depends on substrate's physical conditions such as dry or wetness.Generally 6 mm to 12 mm rainfall is required for dry substrate to initiate runoff whereas response of wet conditions is mostly straight.Besides,there are some other factors affecting runoff dynamics such as type of a green roof and its slope,age of green roof,type of vegetation,soil moisture characteristics,weather.The review indicates that there is not much research in green roofs performance over storm water runoff;hence there is a need for further research.This paper reviews and addresses the role of green roofs in urban storm water management.展开更多
The sustainable water system (SWS) was interpreted based on green residential zone associated codes issued by P.R.China and some other countries,and ecological principles.Its constitution,designing and engineering,and...The sustainable water system (SWS) was interpreted based on green residential zone associated codes issued by P.R.China and some other countries,and ecological principles.Its constitution,designing and engineering,and economic and environmental benefits were illustrated with a case of a campus construction project.The SWS incorporates divided nature drainage systems,grey water treatment and reuse technologies,rainwater decentralized collection and purification technologies,and water quality safeguard techniques for reclaimed water reused for landscaping.Application of the SWS is expected to gain remarkable economic and environmental benefits by reducing both the demand for municipal water supply and sewage discharge.展开更多
In this paper,the influence of heave and pitch motions on green water impact on the deck is numerically investigated.The vessel motions are determined using a potential theory based method and provided as input to fin...In this paper,the influence of heave and pitch motions on green water impact on the deck is numerically investigated.The vessel motions are determined using a potential theory based method and provided as input to finite volume based CFD computations of green water phenomenon.A dynamic mesh approach is adopted to determine instantaneous body positioning in the fluid domain.Detailed validation studies with published experimental results for 2D and 3D fixed vessel cases are initially performed to validate the present numerical approach before studying the moving vessel problem.The results show that inclusion of heave and pitch motion changes the disturbed wave field near the bow which influences the free surface as well as the impact loading due to green water.The effect of wave steepness on green water impact is also investigated and it is seen that the present numerical method is capable of capturing green water load.It is observed that the effects of vessel motions on green water load are not negligible and one should consider this effect too.The incorporation of vessel motions in the vertical plane affects the green water loading on the deck.展开更多
On March 13th, the second day of this year's Yan Expo (Spring and Summer),“Promising Responsibilities for Nature: From Forests to Fashion-Release Conference of CV Sustainable Development Report" was held in ...On March 13th, the second day of this year's Yan Expo (Spring and Summer),“Promising Responsibilities for Nature: From Forests to Fashion-Release Conference of CV Sustainable Development Report" was held in the National Exhibition Center (Shanghai). On the conference, the Collaboration for Sustainable Development of Viscose (CV) officially issued the first sustainable development report.展开更多
The increasing demand for hydrogen energy to address environmental issues and achieve carbon neutrality has elevated interest in green hydrogen production,which does not rely on fossil fuels.Among various hydrogen pro...The increasing demand for hydrogen energy to address environmental issues and achieve carbon neutrality has elevated interest in green hydrogen production,which does not rely on fossil fuels.Among various hydrogen production technologies,anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer(AEMWE)has emerged as a next-generation technology known for its high hydrogen production efficiency and its ability to use non-metal catalysts.However,this technology faces significant challenges,particularly in terms of the membrane durability and low ionic conductivity.To address these challenges,research efforts have focused on developing membranes with a new backbone structure and anion exchange groups to enhance durability and ionic conductivity.Notably,the super-acid-catalyzed condensation(SACC)synthesis method stands out due to its user convenience,the ability to create high molecular weight(MW)polymers,and the use of oxygen-tolerant organic catalysts.Although the synthesis of anion exchange membranes(AEMs)using the SACC method began in 2015,and despite growing interest in this synthesis approach,there remains a scarcity of review papers focusing on AEMs synthesized using the SACC method.The review covers the basics of SACC synthesis,presents various polymers synthesized using this method,and summarizes the development of these polymers,particularly their building blocks including aryl,ketone,and anion exchange groups.We systematically describe the effects of changes in the molecular structure of each polymer component,conducted by various research groups,on the mechanical properties,conductivity,and operational stability of the membrane.This review will provide insights into the development of AEMs with superior performance and operational stability suitable for water electrolysis applications.展开更多
Long-term societal prosperity depends on addressing the world’s energy and environmental problems,and photocatalysis has emerged as a viable remedy.Improving the efficiency of photocatalytic processes is fundamentall...Long-term societal prosperity depends on addressing the world’s energy and environmental problems,and photocatalysis has emerged as a viable remedy.Improving the efficiency of photocatalytic processes is fundamentally achieved by optimizing the effective utilization of solar energy and enhancing the efficient separation of photogenerated charges.It has been demonstrated that the fabrication ofⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductor-based photocatalysts is effective in increasing solar light absorption,long-term stability,large-scale production and promoting charge transfer.This focused review explores on the current developments inⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductor materials for solar-powered photocatalytic systems.The review explores on various subjects,including the advancement ofⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductors,photocatalytic mechanisms,and their uses in H2 conversion,CO_(2)reduction,environmental remediation,and photocatalytic oxidation and reduction reactions.In order to design heterostructures,the review delves into basic concepts including solar light absorption and effective charge separation.It also highlights significant advancements in green energy systems for water splitting,emphasizing the significance of establishing eco-friendly systems for CO_(2)reduction and hydrogen production.The main purpose is to produce hydrogen through sustainable and ecologically friendly energy conversion.The review intends to foster the development of greener and more sustainable energy source by encouraging researchers and developers to focus on practical applications and advancements in solar-powered photocatalysis.展开更多
基金supported by Taishan Scholars Project Special Funds(tsqn201812083)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019YQ20,2019JMRH0410)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972147)。
文摘Hydrogen(H2)production is a latent feasibility of renewable clean energy.The industrial H2 production is obtained from reforming of natural gas,which consumes a large amount of nonrenewable energy and simultaneously produces greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.Electrochemical water splitting is a promising approach for the H2 production,which is sustainable and pollution-free.Therefore,developing efficient and economic technologies for electrochemical water splitting has been an important goal for researchers around the world.The utilization of green energy systems to reduce overall energy consumption is more important for H2 production.Harvesting and converting energy from the environment by different green energy systems for water splitting can efficiently decrease the external power consumption.A variety of green energy systems for efficient producing H2,such as two-electrode electrolysis of water,water splitting driven by photoelectrode devices,solar cells,thermoelectric devices,triboelectric nanogenerator,pyroelectric device or electrochemical water-gas shift device,have been developed recently.In this review,some notable progress made in the different green energy cells for water splitting is discussed in detail.We hoped this review can guide people to pay more attention to the development of green energy system to generate pollution-free H2 energy,which will realize the whole process of H2 production with low cost,pollution-free and energy sustainability conversion.
基金supported by Naval Research Board,India under Project No.NRB-344/HYD/14-15
文摘In this paper, the effect of green water impact on a flexible structure is studied based on three-step computational fluid dynamics(CFD)–boundary element method(BEM)–finite element method(FEM) approach. The impact due to shipping of water on the deck of the vessel is computed using commercial CFD software and used as an external force in coupled BEM-FEM solver. Other hydrodynamic forces such as radiation, diffraction, and Froude-Krylov forces acting on the structure are evaluated using 3 D time domain panel method. To capture the structural responses such as bending moment and shear force, 1 D finite element method is developed. Moreover, a direct integration scheme based on the Newmark–Beta method is employed to get the structural velocity,displacement, etc., at each time step. To check the effect of the green water impact on the structure, a rectangular barge without forward speed is taken for the analysis. The influence is studied in terms of bending moment, shear force, etc. Results show that the effect of green water impact on the bow region can be severe in extreme seas and lead to various structural damages. Similarly,it is also verified that vessel motion affects green water loading significantly and therefore one must consider its effect while designing a vessel.
文摘The rapid urbanization and industrialization involve an unsustainable use of natural systems,leading to various problems in cities.The urban hydrological system experiences fluctuating amount of surface runoff water when it rains heavily.It has been suggested that green roofs significantly mitigate storm water runoff generation even in tropical climate.Green roofs have become popular due to its proven benefits by mitigating urban heat island effects and protecting biodiversity.The annual rainfall and runoff relationship for green roofs is determined by the depth of the substrate.Water retention capacity mostly depends on substrate's physical conditions such as dry or wetness.Generally 6 mm to 12 mm rainfall is required for dry substrate to initiate runoff whereas response of wet conditions is mostly straight.Besides,there are some other factors affecting runoff dynamics such as type of a green roof and its slope,age of green roof,type of vegetation,soil moisture characteristics,weather.The review indicates that there is not much research in green roofs performance over storm water runoff;hence there is a need for further research.This paper reviews and addresses the role of green roofs in urban storm water management.
基金Funded by the 6th Framework EU Research Program:Sustainable Water Management Improves Tomorrow's Cities Health (SWITCT)
文摘The sustainable water system (SWS) was interpreted based on green residential zone associated codes issued by P.R.China and some other countries,and ecological principles.Its constitution,designing and engineering,and economic and environmental benefits were illustrated with a case of a campus construction project.The SWS incorporates divided nature drainage systems,grey water treatment and reuse technologies,rainwater decentralized collection and purification technologies,and water quality safeguard techniques for reclaimed water reused for landscaping.Application of the SWS is expected to gain remarkable economic and environmental benefits by reducing both the demand for municipal water supply and sewage discharge.
文摘In this paper,the influence of heave and pitch motions on green water impact on the deck is numerically investigated.The vessel motions are determined using a potential theory based method and provided as input to finite volume based CFD computations of green water phenomenon.A dynamic mesh approach is adopted to determine instantaneous body positioning in the fluid domain.Detailed validation studies with published experimental results for 2D and 3D fixed vessel cases are initially performed to validate the present numerical approach before studying the moving vessel problem.The results show that inclusion of heave and pitch motion changes the disturbed wave field near the bow which influences the free surface as well as the impact loading due to green water.The effect of wave steepness on green water impact is also investigated and it is seen that the present numerical method is capable of capturing green water load.It is observed that the effects of vessel motions on green water load are not negligible and one should consider this effect too.The incorporation of vessel motions in the vertical plane affects the green water loading on the deck.
文摘On March 13th, the second day of this year's Yan Expo (Spring and Summer),“Promising Responsibilities for Nature: From Forests to Fashion-Release Conference of CV Sustainable Development Report" was held in the National Exhibition Center (Shanghai). On the conference, the Collaboration for Sustainable Development of Viscose (CV) officially issued the first sustainable development report.
基金supported by the KRISS(Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science)MPI Lab.program。
文摘The increasing demand for hydrogen energy to address environmental issues and achieve carbon neutrality has elevated interest in green hydrogen production,which does not rely on fossil fuels.Among various hydrogen production technologies,anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer(AEMWE)has emerged as a next-generation technology known for its high hydrogen production efficiency and its ability to use non-metal catalysts.However,this technology faces significant challenges,particularly in terms of the membrane durability and low ionic conductivity.To address these challenges,research efforts have focused on developing membranes with a new backbone structure and anion exchange groups to enhance durability and ionic conductivity.Notably,the super-acid-catalyzed condensation(SACC)synthesis method stands out due to its user convenience,the ability to create high molecular weight(MW)polymers,and the use of oxygen-tolerant organic catalysts.Although the synthesis of anion exchange membranes(AEMs)using the SACC method began in 2015,and despite growing interest in this synthesis approach,there remains a scarcity of review papers focusing on AEMs synthesized using the SACC method.The review covers the basics of SACC synthesis,presents various polymers synthesized using this method,and summarizes the development of these polymers,particularly their building blocks including aryl,ketone,and anion exchange groups.We systematically describe the effects of changes in the molecular structure of each polymer component,conducted by various research groups,on the mechanical properties,conductivity,and operational stability of the membrane.This review will provide insights into the development of AEMs with superior performance and operational stability suitable for water electrolysis applications.
基金supported by the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by Ministry of Science and ICT(No.2022M3H4A1A04096380)and(No.2022M3H4A3A01082883)。
文摘Long-term societal prosperity depends on addressing the world’s energy and environmental problems,and photocatalysis has emerged as a viable remedy.Improving the efficiency of photocatalytic processes is fundamentally achieved by optimizing the effective utilization of solar energy and enhancing the efficient separation of photogenerated charges.It has been demonstrated that the fabrication ofⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductor-based photocatalysts is effective in increasing solar light absorption,long-term stability,large-scale production and promoting charge transfer.This focused review explores on the current developments inⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductor materials for solar-powered photocatalytic systems.The review explores on various subjects,including the advancement ofⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductors,photocatalytic mechanisms,and their uses in H2 conversion,CO_(2)reduction,environmental remediation,and photocatalytic oxidation and reduction reactions.In order to design heterostructures,the review delves into basic concepts including solar light absorption and effective charge separation.It also highlights significant advancements in green energy systems for water splitting,emphasizing the significance of establishing eco-friendly systems for CO_(2)reduction and hydrogen production.The main purpose is to produce hydrogen through sustainable and ecologically friendly energy conversion.The review intends to foster the development of greener and more sustainable energy source by encouraging researchers and developers to focus on practical applications and advancements in solar-powered photocatalysis.
