Municipal solid waste incinerator （MSWI） fly ash with high basicity （about 1.68） was vitrified in a thermal plasma melting furnace system. Through the thermal plasma treatment, the vitrified product （slag） with ...Municipal solid waste incinerator （MSWI） fly ash with high basicity （about 1.68） was vitrified in a thermal plasma melting furnace system. Through the thermal plasma treatment, the vitrified product （slag） with amorphous dark glassy structure was obtained, and the leachability of hazardous metals in slag was significantly reduced. Meanwhile, it was found that the cooling rate affects significantly the immobility of heavy metals in slag. The mass distribution of heavy metals （Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, As, Hg） was investigated in residual products （slag, secondary residues and flue gas）, in order to analyze the behavior of heavy metals in thermal plasma atmosphere. Heavy metal species with low boiling points accounting for the major fraction of their input-mass were adsorbed in secondary residues by pollution abatement devices, while those with high boiling points tended to be encapsulated in slag.展开更多
Thermal plasma technology provides a stable and long term treatment of mixed wastes through vitrification processes. In this work, a transferred plasma system was realized to vitrify mixed wastes, taking advantage of ...Thermal plasma technology provides a stable and long term treatment of mixed wastes through vitrification processes. In this work, a transferred plasma system was realized to vitrify mixed wastes, taking advantage of its high power density, enthalpy and chemical reactivity as well as its rapid quenching and high operation temperatures. To characterize the plasma discharge, a temperature diagnostic is realized by means of optical emission spectroscopy （OES）. To typify the morphological structure of the wastes samples~ scan- ning electron microscopy （SEM）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD） techniques were applied before and after the plasma treatment.展开更多
Objective: To assess the developing potentiality of mouse morula produced in vitro or in the after vitrification and to evaluate the effect of one-step and two-step vitrification methods. Method: Mouse morula produced...Objective: To assess the developing potentiality of mouse morula produced in vitro or in the after vitrification and to evaluate the effect of one-step and two-step vitrification methods. Method: Mouse morula produced in for and in the were vitrified in the solution containing ethylene glycol, Ficoll and sucrose (EFS solution) with one-step and two-step methods. The developing potential and status of the pellucid zona in vitified mouse morula were assessed. Results: The percentages of morula developed into blastocyst stage were 81. 8% and 82.4%, 97. 3% and 98.4%, respectively, after one-step and two-step exposure of in vitro morula or in vivo morula to EFS solution alone, which did not show significant difference compared to their controls (P > 0. 05). The percentage of in vitro morula developed into blastocyst vitrified by onestep method was significantly lower than that by two-step method and coned (P < 0.05, 70.6% vs 81 .3%; 70.6% vs 83 .6%, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between blastocyst rates of in vivo morula vitrified by one-step and two-step methods (P>0.05, 93. 1% us 95.7%). No rupture of pellucid zona was observed in all thawed morula after one-step and two-step vitrification, irrespective of in vitro morula or in vivo morula. Conclusion: Morula produced in vitro and in vivo after vitrification may maintain high survival rate and developing potential. Two-step vitrification method with EFS solution is suitable for in vitro morula, which can improve the developing potential of in vitro morula. Onestep and two-step vitrification method have no detrimennd effect on the developing potential of in vivo morula.展开更多
To explore the physiological and biochemical mechanism of the occurrence of vitrified shoots of Populus suaveolens in tissue culture, the changes in water, chlorphyll, lignin, H2O2, phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), m...To explore the physiological and biochemical mechanism of the occurrence of vitrified shoots of Populus suaveolens in tissue culture, the changes in water, chlorphyll, lignin, H2O2, phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), malonaldehyde (MDA), protective enzymatic systems, and some key enzymes involved in the ascorbate- glutathione cycle were comparatively studied in both normal and vitrified shoots of P. suaveolens. The results show that the lower activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR) and PAL, and the less contents of chlorphyll, lignin, ascorbate (ASA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as the lower ratios of ASA / DHA and GSH / GSSG are observed in vitrified shoots than in normal ones during the whole culture period. While in comparison with normal shoots, the higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the more concentrations of water, H2O2, MDA, dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) are found in vitrified shoots. Statistical analysis indicates that the enhanced activity of SOD and the decreased activities of CAT and POD as well as some enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle might be closely correlated to the accumulation of H2O2. The less regeneration of ASA and GSH and the lower capacity of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle observed in vitrified shoots might be due to a significant decrease in APX, MDAR, DHAR and GR activities and a decline in redox status of ASA and GSH. The decreases in chlorphyll content might result in a decline in photosynthesis. The lower activities of POD and PAL could result in the decrease of lignin synthesis and cell wall ligination, which might be the key factor leading to the increase in water content. It is concluded that the deficiency of detoxification capacity caused by the lower capacity of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway and the decreased activity of protective enzymatic system might lead to the large accumulation of H2O2 and the enhancement of membrane lipid peroxidation, which might be the main cause leading to the occurrence of vitrifying shoots of P. suaveolens in tissue culture.展开更多
A new solid waste disposal technology setup with DC are plasma is presented. Being different from conventional combustion or burning such as incineration, it is based on a process called controlled high-temperature py...A new solid waste disposal technology setup with DC are plasma is presented. Being different from conventional combustion or burning such as incineration, it is based on a process called controlled high-temperature pyrolysis, the thermal destruction and recovery process. The results of vitrification of the circuit board is presented. The properties of vitrified product including hardness and leaching test results are presented. The final product (vitrified material) and air emission from the plasma treatment is environmentally acceptable.展开更多
Hydration water can even decide the physicochemical properties of hydrated organic molecules. However, by far the most important hydration number for organic molecules, in particular polyethylene glycol which we are c...Hydration water can even decide the physicochemical properties of hydrated organic molecules. However, by far the most important hydration number for organic molecules, in particular polyethylene glycol which we are concerned with here, usually suffers from a large discrepancy. Here, we provide a scheme for accurate and unambiguous quantification of the hydration number based on the universal water-content dependence of glass transition temperature for aqueous solutions, testified by experimental results for polyethylene glycol molecules of a molar weight ranging from 200 to 20000.Moreover, we also clarify the fundamental misunderstanding lying in the definition and quantification of hydration water for PEG molecules in the literature, therein the hydration number for PEG in water-rich solutions has been determined at a critical concentration, across which the properties of the solution display obviously distinct water-content dependence.展开更多
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project in the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.O45CF3A211)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21171169)
文摘Municipal solid waste incinerator （MSWI） fly ash with high basicity （about 1.68） was vitrified in a thermal plasma melting furnace system. Through the thermal plasma treatment, the vitrified product （slag） with amorphous dark glassy structure was obtained, and the leachability of hazardous metals in slag was significantly reduced. Meanwhile, it was found that the cooling rate affects significantly the immobility of heavy metals in slag. The mass distribution of heavy metals （Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, As, Hg） was investigated in residual products （slag, secondary residues and flue gas）, in order to analyze the behavior of heavy metals in thermal plasma atmosphere. Heavy metal species with low boiling points accounting for the major fraction of their input-mass were adsorbed in secondary residues by pollution abatement devices, while those with high boiling points tended to be encapsulated in slag.
文摘Thermal plasma technology provides a stable and long term treatment of mixed wastes through vitrification processes. In this work, a transferred plasma system was realized to vitrify mixed wastes, taking advantage of its high power density, enthalpy and chemical reactivity as well as its rapid quenching and high operation temperatures. To characterize the plasma discharge, a temperature diagnostic is realized by means of optical emission spectroscopy （OES）. To typify the morphological structure of the wastes samples~ scan- ning electron microscopy （SEM）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD） techniques were applied before and after the plasma treatment.
文摘Objective: To assess the developing potentiality of mouse morula produced in vitro or in the after vitrification and to evaluate the effect of one-step and two-step vitrification methods. Method: Mouse morula produced in for and in the were vitrified in the solution containing ethylene glycol, Ficoll and sucrose (EFS solution) with one-step and two-step methods. The developing potential and status of the pellucid zona in vitified mouse morula were assessed. Results: The percentages of morula developed into blastocyst stage were 81. 8% and 82.4%, 97. 3% and 98.4%, respectively, after one-step and two-step exposure of in vitro morula or in vivo morula to EFS solution alone, which did not show significant difference compared to their controls (P > 0. 05). The percentage of in vitro morula developed into blastocyst vitrified by onestep method was significantly lower than that by two-step method and coned (P < 0.05, 70.6% vs 81 .3%; 70.6% vs 83 .6%, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between blastocyst rates of in vivo morula vitrified by one-step and two-step methods (P>0.05, 93. 1% us 95.7%). No rupture of pellucid zona was observed in all thawed morula after one-step and two-step vitrification, irrespective of in vitro morula or in vivo morula. Conclusion: Morula produced in vitro and in vivo after vitrification may maintain high survival rate and developing potential. Two-step vitrification method with EFS solution is suitable for in vitro morula, which can improve the developing potential of in vitro morula. Onestep and two-step vitrification method have no detrimennd effect on the developing potential of in vivo morula.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30271093) and the Foundation of State-designated Base for Biology Researching and Teaching in Beijing Forestry University
文摘To explore the physiological and biochemical mechanism of the occurrence of vitrified shoots of Populus suaveolens in tissue culture, the changes in water, chlorphyll, lignin, H2O2, phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), malonaldehyde (MDA), protective enzymatic systems, and some key enzymes involved in the ascorbate- glutathione cycle were comparatively studied in both normal and vitrified shoots of P. suaveolens. The results show that the lower activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR) and PAL, and the less contents of chlorphyll, lignin, ascorbate (ASA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as the lower ratios of ASA / DHA and GSH / GSSG are observed in vitrified shoots than in normal ones during the whole culture period. While in comparison with normal shoots, the higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the more concentrations of water, H2O2, MDA, dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) are found in vitrified shoots. Statistical analysis indicates that the enhanced activity of SOD and the decreased activities of CAT and POD as well as some enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle might be closely correlated to the accumulation of H2O2. The less regeneration of ASA and GSH and the lower capacity of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle observed in vitrified shoots might be due to a significant decrease in APX, MDAR, DHAR and GR activities and a decline in redox status of ASA and GSH. The decreases in chlorphyll content might result in a decline in photosynthesis. The lower activities of POD and PAL could result in the decrease of lignin synthesis and cell wall ligination, which might be the key factor leading to the increase in water content. It is concluded that the deficiency of detoxification capacity caused by the lower capacity of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway and the decreased activity of protective enzymatic system might lead to the large accumulation of H2O2 and the enhancement of membrane lipid peroxidation, which might be the main cause leading to the occurrence of vitrifying shoots of P. suaveolens in tissue culture.
基金The project supported by Science and Technology Fund of Anhui Province(No.3045105)
文摘A new solid waste disposal technology setup with DC are plasma is presented. Being different from conventional combustion or burning such as incineration, it is based on a process called controlled high-temperature pyrolysis, the thermal destruction and recovery process. The results of vitrification of the circuit board is presented. The properties of vitrified product including hardness and leaching test results are presented. The final product (vitrified material) and air emission from the plasma treatment is environmentally acceptable.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11474325 and 11290161)the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences on Water Science Research(Grant No.KJZD-EW-M03)
文摘Hydration water can even decide the physicochemical properties of hydrated organic molecules. However, by far the most important hydration number for organic molecules, in particular polyethylene glycol which we are concerned with here, usually suffers from a large discrepancy. Here, we provide a scheme for accurate and unambiguous quantification of the hydration number based on the universal water-content dependence of glass transition temperature for aqueous solutions, testified by experimental results for polyethylene glycol molecules of a molar weight ranging from 200 to 20000.Moreover, we also clarify the fundamental misunderstanding lying in the definition and quantification of hydration water for PEG molecules in the literature, therein the hydration number for PEG in water-rich solutions has been determined at a critical concentration, across which the properties of the solution display obviously distinct water-content dependence.
