The volatilization of stibnite(Sb2S3) in nitrogen from 700 to 1000 °C was investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that in inert atmosphere, stibnite can be volatilized most efficien...The volatilization of stibnite(Sb2S3) in nitrogen from 700 to 1000 °C was investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that in inert atmosphere, stibnite can be volatilized most efficiently as Sb2S3(g) at a linear rate below850 °C, with activation energy of 137.18 k J/mol, and the reaction rate constant can be expressed as k=206901exp(-16.5/T). Stibnite can be decomposed into Sb and sulfur at temperature above 850 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. However, in the presence of oxygen,stibnite is oxidized into Sb and SO2 gas at high temperature. Otherwise, Sb is oxidized quickly into antimony oxides such as Sb2O3 and Sb O2, while Sb2O3 can be volatilized efficiently at high temperature.展开更多
Thermodynamic calculation, ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD) and vacuum decomposition experiments were performed to study the volatilization behaviors of Mo and S from molybdenite concentrate by vacuum decomposition....Thermodynamic calculation, ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD) and vacuum decomposition experiments were performed to study the volatilization behaviors of Mo and S from molybdenite concentrate by vacuum decomposition. In thermodynamic calculation, starting decomposition temperatures of reactions were calculated, and saturated vapor pressures of Mo, S and Mo S2 were also analyzed. In AIMD, geometries of the Sn(n≤8), Mom(m≤8) and MomSn(m+n≤8) clusters have been optimized using density functional theory(DFT) with generalized gradient approximation(GGA). And these clusters were simulated in DFT with Cambridge Sequential Total Energy Package(CASTEP) code of Material Studio software. Structures and stabilities of these clusters before and after molecular dynamics simulations were discussed, and diffusion coefficients were also calculated. In vacuum decomposition experiments, relationship between heat preservation time and volatilization rate of Mo and S was obtained, while the constant temperature and chamber pressure were 1823 K and 5–35 Pa, respectively. Above all, both the theoretical and experimental results showed that volatilization behaviors of Mo and S during vacuum decomposition process of molybdenite concentrate were as follows: Mo could partly evaporate into the condensate in the form of clusters, and S could easily evaporate into the condensate.展开更多
Direct reduction is an emerging technology for ferric bauxite utilization. However, because of sodium volatilization, its sodium carbonate consumption is considerably higher than that in ordinary bauxite processing te...Direct reduction is an emerging technology for ferric bauxite utilization. However, because of sodium volatilization, its sodium carbonate consumption is considerably higher than that in ordinary bauxite processing technology. TG-DSC and XRD were applied to detecting phase transformation and mass loss in direct reduction to reveal the mechanism on sodium volatilization. The results show that the most significant influence factor of ferric bauxite on sodium volatilization in direct reduction system is its iron content. Sodium volatilization is probably ascribed to the instability of amorphous substances structure. Amorphous substances are the intermediate-products of the reaction, and the volatilization rate of sodium increases with its generating rate. These amorphous substances are volatile, thus, more sodium is volatilized with its generation. A small amount of amorphous substances are generated in the reaction between Na2CO3 and Al2O3; thus, only 3.15% of sodium is volatilized. Similarly, the volatilization rate is 1.87% in the reaction between Na2CO3 and SiO2. However, the volatilization rate reaches 7.64% in the reaction between Na2CO3 and Fe2O3 because of the generation of a large amount of amorphous substances.展开更多
To investigate the influence of the activated carbon pore structure on the adsorption of volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, three commercial activated carbon samples were chosen. The fixed-bed thermostatic adsorptio...To investigate the influence of the activated carbon pore structure on the adsorption of volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, three commercial activated carbon samples were chosen. The fixed-bed thermostatic adsorption experiments were conducted under certain conditions, where toluene, acetone, and 1, 2-dichloroethane acted as adsorbents. Then, the incidence relation between the experimental results and the activated carbon pore structure was analyzed. After that, the results of the correlation analysis were verified in accordance with fractal theory and adsorption characteristic curve analysis. The results show that the pore diameter gradient is helpful for strengthening the intemal diffusion. Under the same condition, the adsorption of organic gases tends to be selective, and the positions of toluene, acetone and 1, 2-dichloroethane adsorbed on the activated carbon are mainly in the ranges of 1.27-1.49 nm, 0.67-0.84 nm and 1.39-1.75 nm, respectively. The relationship between adsorption capacity and activated carbon pore volume can accurately explain the spreading process of the adsorbents in the activated carbon.展开更多
Volatile oil was extracted from Illicium Verum Hook. f. by using steam distillation. 41 kinds of compounds were separated and identified by GC/MS, and their relative contents were determined by normalization method. A...Volatile oil was extracted from Illicium Verum Hook. f. by using steam distillation. 41 kinds of compounds were separated and identified by GC/MS, and their relative contents were determined by normalization method. Among 41 identified compounds, there are 14 hydrocarbon components and 22 oxygenated hydrocarbon derivatives, and a small amount of nitrogenous compounds. The main component is anethole, accoun ting for 76.23%, and the other components such as anisyl acetone, anisaldehyde, p allylanisole, p cumic aldehyde and p allylpen take up more than 10%.展开更多
Plutella xylostella is the main pest of cruciferae plants in the worldwide fields.The volatiles released from host plants serve vital roles in host-finding and oviposition behavior.Electroantennograms were recorded fr...Plutella xylostella is the main pest of cruciferae plants in the worldwide fields.The volatiles released from host plants serve vital roles in host-finding and oviposition behavior.Electroantennograms were recorded from male and female Plutella xylostella to 9 different plant volatiles(cabbage Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata,baby bokchoi Brassica chinensis L.,broccoli Brassica oleracea L.var.botrytis L.,Chinese cabbage Brassica pekinensis Rupr.,Radish Raphanus sativus L.,towel gourd Luffa Cylindrica Roem.,eggplant Solanum melongena L.,tomato Solanum lycopersicum,pepper Capsicum annuum L.) in healthy/injured status.The statistic analysis show there is a significant difference of EAG relative values between cruciferae and non-cruciferae volatiles.The EAG relative values of injured plant volatiles to both male and female changed a lot during the tests.Multiple-ANOVA analysis represents cross factors(sex,host-plant,plant status) showed a great interactive impacts to the EAG-RV.展开更多
The volatile chemical components of Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with the method of heuristic evolving latent projections and overall volume integration. The results...The volatile chemical components of Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with the method of heuristic evolving latent projections and overall volume integration. The results show that 38 volatile chemical components of RPR are determined, accounting for 95.21% of total contents of volatile chemical components of RPR. The main volatile chemical components of RPR are (Z, Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy- benzaldehyde, 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-ethanone, 6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1] heptane-2-methanol, 4,7-dimethyl-benzofuran, 4-(1-methylethenyl)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, and cyclohexadecane.展开更多
A systematic research on a modified method that was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of volatile corrosion inhibitor(VCI) materials was carried out. The metal specimen in size of 50mm×25mm×2mm was lev...A systematic research on a modified method that was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of volatile corrosion inhibitor(VCI) materials was carried out. The metal specimen in size of 50mm×25mm×2mm was level mounted on the top of a beaker by transparent adhesive tape and the assembly was placed in a constant temperature water bath and kept at approximately 40℃ to accelerate the vaporization of VCI and distilled water, which was placed at the bottom of the beaker at the same time. The experimental results show that the reproducibility of rust appearance and corrosion rate calculated by specimen’s mass loss is perfect. The outstanding characteristic of the rust appearance based on different VCI formula is discovered that is very important in studying the mechanism of VCI and the synergism of chemical reagent. The accelerated ratio is increased greatly as compared with the traditional method and the value is approximately 15 as compared with Shijiazhuang atmospheric environment corrosion test. The modified method is suitable for formula screening test and quick effectiveness evaluation of VCI materials.展开更多
A novel 0.1% Pd-0.05% （mass fraction） Pt/stainless steel wire mesh catalyst was prepared for volatile organic compounds （VOCs） elimination. The catalyst was synthesized by stainless steel wire mesh as support and ...A novel 0.1% Pd-0.05% （mass fraction） Pt/stainless steel wire mesh catalyst was prepared for volatile organic compounds （VOCs） elimination. The catalyst was synthesized by stainless steel wire mesh as support and then treated by anodic oxidation technology to develop a porous membrane on the support. During the anodic oxidation process, various electrolytes were used to investigate the formation of porous membrane. And the catalytic performance of the catalysts was tested by using toluene and acetone combustion as model reaction. The temperatures of complete toluene and acetone conversion were decreased to 180℃ and 240 ℃, respectively. The morphologies of the stainless steel wire mesh supports and catalysts were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）.展开更多
Chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to analyze the volatile components of cut tobacco samples with the help of heuristic evolving latent projections(HELP).After extracting with simultaneous distillation an...Chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to analyze the volatile components of cut tobacco samples with the help of heuristic evolving latent projections(HELP).After extracting with simultaneous distillation and extraction method,the volatile components in cut tobacco were detected by GC-MS.Then the obtained original two-dimensional data were resolved into pure mass spectra and chromatograms.The qualitative analysis was performed by similarity searches in the national institute of standards and technology(NIST)mass database with the obtained pure mass spectrum of each component and the quantitative results were obtained by calculating the volume of total two-way response.The accuracy of qualitative and quantitative results were greatly improved by using the two-dimensional comprehensive information of chromatograms and mass spectra.107 of 141 separated constituents in the total ion chromatogram of the volatile components were identified and quantified,accounting for about 88.01% of the total content.The result proves that the developed method is powerful for the analysis of complex cut tobacco samples.展开更多
Analysis of volatile components in herbal pair (HP) herba schizonepetae-ramulus cinnamomi (HS-RC), single herb HS and RC was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data and chemometric resolution ...Analysis of volatile components in herbal pair (HP) herba schizonepetae-ramulus cinnamomi (HS-RC), single herb HS and RC was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data and chemometric resolution method (CRM). The two-dimensional data obtained from GC-MS instruments were resolved into a pure chromatogram and a mass spectrum of each chemical compound by CRM. In total, 47, 61 and 51 chemical components in volatile oil of HS, RC, and HP HS-RC were respectively determined qualitatively and quantitatively, accounting for 90.52%, 88.37%, and 88.72% total contents of volatile oil of HS, RC, and HP HS-RC, respectively. The number of the volatile components of HP HS-RC is almost the addition of that of two single herbs, but their relative contents are changed.展开更多
Active volatile components in drug pair(DP)Herba Ephedrae-Ramulus Cinnamomi(HE-RC),single drug HE and RC were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS),chemometric resolution method(CRM)and overall volum...Active volatile components in drug pair(DP)Herba Ephedrae-Ramulus Cinnamomi(HE-RC),single drug HE and RC were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS),chemometric resolution method(CRM)and overall volume integration.By means of CRM,the two-dimensional data obtained from GC-MS instruments were resolved into a pure chromatogram and a mass spectrum of each chemical compound.In total,97,62,and 78 volatile chemical components in volatile oil of HE,RC,and DP HE-RC,were respectively determined qualitatively and quantitatively,accounting for 90.08%,91.62%,and 89.76% total contents of volatile oil of HE,RC,and DP HE-RC respectively.It is further demonstrated that the numbers of volatile components of DP HE-RC are almost the sum of those of two single drugs,but some relative contents of them are changed.Some new components,such as 1,6-dimethylhepta-1,3,5-triene,tetracyclo[4.2.1.1(2,5).0(9,10)]deca-3,7-diene,globulol and(E,E)-6,10,14-trimethyl-5,9,13-pentadecatrien-2-one are found in DP HE-RC because of chemical reactions and physical changes during decoction.展开更多
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and the chemometric resolution method(alternative moving window factor analysis,AMWFA) were used for comparative analysis of volatile constituents in herbal pair(HP) flos lo...Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and the chemometric resolution method(alternative moving window factor analysis,AMWFA) were used for comparative analysis of volatile constituents in herbal pair(HP) flos lonicerae-caulis lonicerae(FL-CL) and its single herbs.The temperature-programmed retention index(PTRI) was also employed for the identification of compounds.In total,44,39,and 50 volatile chemical components in volatile oil of FL,CL and HP FL-CL were separately determined qualitatively and quantitatively,accounting for 87.22%,94.54% and 90.08% total contents of volatile oil of FL,CL and HP FL-CL,respectively.The results show that there are 32 common volatile constituents between HP FL-CL and single herb FL,33 common volatile constituents between HP FL-CL and single herb CL,and 10 new constituents in the volatile oil of HP FL-CL.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanisms of the volatiles of Wendan granule for the treatment of senile dementia,network pharmacology method integrating absorption,distribution,metab.olism,and excretion(ADME) screening,tar...OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanisms of the volatiles of Wendan granule for the treatment of senile dementia,network pharmacology method integrating absorption,distribution,metab.olism,and excretion(ADME) screening,target fishing,network constructing,pathway analyzing,and correlated diseases prediction was applied.METHODS Twelve small molecular compounds of WDG were selected as the objects from 74 volatiles with the relative abundances above 2%,and their ADME parameters were collected from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology platform(TCMSP),and then the corresponding targets,genes,pathways and diseases were predicted according to the data provided by TCMSP,DrugBank,Uniport and the Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery(DAVID).The related pathways and correlation analysis were explored by the Kyoto Encyclo.pedia and Genomes(KEGG) database.Finally,the networks of compound-target,target-pathway and pathway-disease of WDG were constructed by Cytoscape software.RESULTS Twelve compounds interacted with 49 targets,of which top three targets were Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1(GABRA1),Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2(PGHS-2) and Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter.Interestingly,these targets were highly associated with depression,insomnia and Alzheimer′s disease that mainly corresponded to mental and emotional illnesses.CONCLUSION The integrated network pharmacology method provides precise probe to illuminate the molecular mechanisms of volatiles of WDG for relieving senile dementia related syndromes,which will also facilitate the application of traditional Chinese medicine in modern medicine,as well as follow-up studies such as upgrading the quality stan.dard of clinical medicine and novel drug development.展开更多
Rose is a kind of favorite ornamental plant. This article briefly introduced the cultivation and the use of rose around the world both in ancient time and nowadays. Today, volatile oil becomes the mainstream of the ro...Rose is a kind of favorite ornamental plant. This article briefly introduced the cultivation and the use of rose around the world both in ancient time and nowadays. Today, volatile oil becomes the mainstream of the rose industry. People pay attention to the effect of volatile oil; meanwhile, they speed up their research on extracting volatile oil and the ingredients.展开更多
The volatile oil of leaves and barks of Calycopteris floribunda was examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 52 volatile chemical components in leaves were identified. The antimicrobial assay of oils ...The volatile oil of leaves and barks of Calycopteris floribunda was examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 52 volatile chemical components in leaves were identified. The antimicrobial assay of oils in the leaves and barks was carried out by disk diffusion method in vitro. The major components (mass fraction) in leaves are caryophyllene oxide (13.79%),n-hexadecanoic acid (11.91%) and β-caryophyllene (10.45%). Ten constituents are identified accounting for about 99.98% of the total volatile oil in the bark. Among these components,n-hexadecanoic acid (59.18%),linolic acid (12.70%) and butyl octyl phthalate (8.21%) are the major constituents. The oils exhibit strong antimicrobial activity and display more potent against bacteria than fungi.展开更多
Soybean is one of the important crops in China. Soymilk, a traditional neutral plant-based protein drink, is rich in high quality proteins. Although soybean milk is rich in nutrients, its marketing among consumers, es...Soybean is one of the important crops in China. Soymilk, a traditional neutral plant-based protein drink, is rich in high quality proteins. Although soybean milk is rich in nutrients, its marketing among consumers, especially those in Western countries who are used to peaceful flavor, has been limited due to the adverse flavor impact brought by its special composition. In recent years, with the increasing attention to the nutritional value of soymilk, the flavor of soymilk has become a popular research object for scholars at home and abroad. The flavor components of soymilk are mainly volatile small molecular compounds produced by enzymatic reactions catalyzed by lipoxygenase(LOX). After formation, they interact with protein macromolecules to form the overall flavor of soymilk. At present, there are many methods to control the off-odor of soymilk at home and abroad, including physical heating methods, chemical methods, biological enzymatic digestion methods, mask methods, and a variety of breeding methods. These methods effectively reduce the off-odor of soymilk, but all of them have shortcomings. Currently, the sensory characteristics of the beany odor in soymilk are evaluated mainly by traditional human sensory scoring along with the assistance of modern instrument analysis of volatile flavor substances using headspace solid phase microextraction(SPME) gas chromatography coupled with-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). This paper summarized the research results of volatile flavor substances in soymilk in recent years and the sensory evaluation methods of soymilk at home and abroad, and looked forward to the future development direction, hoping to provide some theoretical bases and reference detection methods for solving the problem of soymilk flavor in the future.展开更多
Jinmudan,a new tea variety from Fujian Province has an excellent quality with a unique aroma like magnolia frogrance.To monitor the changes in the tea volatile compounds during the Jinmudan Oolong tea manufacturing(dr...Jinmudan,a new tea variety from Fujian Province has an excellent quality with a unique aroma like magnolia frogrance.To monitor the changes in the tea volatile compounds during the Jinmudan Oolong tea manufacturing(drying) process,the volatiles of tea samples were extracted and analyzed.Characteristic volatile compounds in Jinmudan Oolong tea were nerolidol,α-farnesene,linolenic acid,palmitic acid,indole,phenylacetaldehyde,cisjasmone,β-phenylethanol,etc.The content of nerolidol was the highest in four tested samples.The composition of the volatile compounds in microwave drying sample was simple,but its concentration was high,in which the main volatile compounds were alcohols and esters.The processing with combination of traditional drying craft and modern aroma-improvement technique could obviously improve the tea aroma,especially in level of epoxy linalool and jasmine lactone.展开更多
基金Project(51204210) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011AA061001) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2012BAC12B04) supported by the National Science&Technology Pillar Program during Twelfth Five-Year Plan of China
文摘The volatilization of stibnite(Sb2S3) in nitrogen from 700 to 1000 °C was investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that in inert atmosphere, stibnite can be volatilized most efficiently as Sb2S3(g) at a linear rate below850 °C, with activation energy of 137.18 k J/mol, and the reaction rate constant can be expressed as k=206901exp(-16.5/T). Stibnite can be decomposed into Sb and sulfur at temperature above 850 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. However, in the presence of oxygen,stibnite is oxidized into Sb and SO2 gas at high temperature. Otherwise, Sb is oxidized quickly into antimony oxides such as Sb2O3 and Sb O2, while Sb2O3 can be volatilized efficiently at high temperature.
基金Projects(1202271,51104078)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(IRT1250)supported by the Program for Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China
文摘Thermodynamic calculation, ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD) and vacuum decomposition experiments were performed to study the volatilization behaviors of Mo and S from molybdenite concentrate by vacuum decomposition. In thermodynamic calculation, starting decomposition temperatures of reactions were calculated, and saturated vapor pressures of Mo, S and Mo S2 were also analyzed. In AIMD, geometries of the Sn(n≤8), Mom(m≤8) and MomSn(m+n≤8) clusters have been optimized using density functional theory(DFT) with generalized gradient approximation(GGA). And these clusters were simulated in DFT with Cambridge Sequential Total Energy Package(CASTEP) code of Material Studio software. Structures and stabilities of these clusters before and after molecular dynamics simulations were discussed, and diffusion coefficients were also calculated. In vacuum decomposition experiments, relationship between heat preservation time and volatilization rate of Mo and S was obtained, while the constant temperature and chamber pressure were 1823 K and 5–35 Pa, respectively. Above all, both the theoretical and experimental results showed that volatilization behaviors of Mo and S during vacuum decomposition process of molybdenite concentrate were as follows: Mo could partly evaporate into the condensate in the form of clusters, and S could easily evaporate into the condensate.
基金Project(51304012)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014M550845)supported by China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(KF13-05)supported by Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy(USTB),China
文摘Direct reduction is an emerging technology for ferric bauxite utilization. However, because of sodium volatilization, its sodium carbonate consumption is considerably higher than that in ordinary bauxite processing technology. TG-DSC and XRD were applied to detecting phase transformation and mass loss in direct reduction to reveal the mechanism on sodium volatilization. The results show that the most significant influence factor of ferric bauxite on sodium volatilization in direct reduction system is its iron content. Sodium volatilization is probably ascribed to the instability of amorphous substances structure. Amorphous substances are the intermediate-products of the reaction, and the volatilization rate of sodium increases with its generating rate. These amorphous substances are volatile, thus, more sodium is volatilized with its generation. A small amount of amorphous substances are generated in the reaction between Na2CO3 and Al2O3; thus, only 3.15% of sodium is volatilized. Similarly, the volatilization rate is 1.87% in the reaction between Na2CO3 and SiO2. However, the volatilization rate reaches 7.64% in the reaction between Na2CO3 and Fe2O3 because of the generation of a large amount of amorphous substances.
基金Projects(20976200)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To investigate the influence of the activated carbon pore structure on the adsorption of volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, three commercial activated carbon samples were chosen. The fixed-bed thermostatic adsorption experiments were conducted under certain conditions, where toluene, acetone, and 1, 2-dichloroethane acted as adsorbents. Then, the incidence relation between the experimental results and the activated carbon pore structure was analyzed. After that, the results of the correlation analysis were verified in accordance with fractal theory and adsorption characteristic curve analysis. The results show that the pore diameter gradient is helpful for strengthening the intemal diffusion. Under the same condition, the adsorption of organic gases tends to be selective, and the positions of toluene, acetone and 1, 2-dichloroethane adsorbed on the activated carbon are mainly in the ranges of 1.27-1.49 nm, 0.67-0.84 nm and 1.39-1.75 nm, respectively. The relationship between adsorption capacity and activated carbon pore volume can accurately explain the spreading process of the adsorbents in the activated carbon.
基金ScienceFoundationofEducationforHunanProvince (No .0 0C32 4 )
文摘Volatile oil was extracted from Illicium Verum Hook. f. by using steam distillation. 41 kinds of compounds were separated and identified by GC/MS, and their relative contents were determined by normalization method. Among 41 identified compounds, there are 14 hydrocarbon components and 22 oxygenated hydrocarbon derivatives, and a small amount of nitrogenous compounds. The main component is anethole, accoun ting for 76.23%, and the other components such as anisyl acetone, anisaldehyde, p allylanisole, p cumic aldehyde and p allylpen take up more than 10%.
基金The Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Important Direction Projects (KSCX2-YW-N-42-04)
文摘Plutella xylostella is the main pest of cruciferae plants in the worldwide fields.The volatiles released from host plants serve vital roles in host-finding and oviposition behavior.Electroantennograms were recorded from male and female Plutella xylostella to 9 different plant volatiles(cabbage Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata,baby bokchoi Brassica chinensis L.,broccoli Brassica oleracea L.var.botrytis L.,Chinese cabbage Brassica pekinensis Rupr.,Radish Raphanus sativus L.,towel gourd Luffa Cylindrica Roem.,eggplant Solanum melongena L.,tomato Solanum lycopersicum,pepper Capsicum annuum L.) in healthy/injured status.The statistic analysis show there is a significant difference of EAG relative values between cruciferae and non-cruciferae volatiles.The EAG relative values of injured plant volatiles to both male and female changed a lot during the tests.Multiple-ANOVA analysis represents cross factors(sex,host-plant,plant status) showed a great interactive impacts to the EAG-RV.
基金Project(20235020) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The volatile chemical components of Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with the method of heuristic evolving latent projections and overall volume integration. The results show that 38 volatile chemical components of RPR are determined, accounting for 95.21% of total contents of volatile chemical components of RPR. The main volatile chemical components of RPR are (Z, Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy- benzaldehyde, 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-ethanone, 6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1] heptane-2-methanol, 4,7-dimethyl-benzofuran, 4-(1-methylethenyl)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, and cyclohexadecane.
文摘A systematic research on a modified method that was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of volatile corrosion inhibitor(VCI) materials was carried out. The metal specimen in size of 50mm×25mm×2mm was level mounted on the top of a beaker by transparent adhesive tape and the assembly was placed in a constant temperature water bath and kept at approximately 40℃ to accelerate the vaporization of VCI and distilled water, which was placed at the bottom of the beaker at the same time. The experimental results show that the reproducibility of rust appearance and corrosion rate calculated by specimen’s mass loss is perfect. The outstanding characteristic of the rust appearance based on different VCI formula is discovered that is very important in studying the mechanism of VCI and the synergism of chemical reagent. The accelerated ratio is increased greatly as compared with the traditional method and the value is approximately 15 as compared with Shijiazhuang atmospheric environment corrosion test. The modified method is suitable for formula screening test and quick effectiveness evaluation of VCI materials.
基金Project(2009C21001)supported by the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province,China
文摘A novel 0.1% Pd-0.05% （mass fraction） Pt/stainless steel wire mesh catalyst was prepared for volatile organic compounds （VOCs） elimination. The catalyst was synthesized by stainless steel wire mesh as support and then treated by anodic oxidation technology to develop a porous membrane on the support. During the anodic oxidation process, various electrolytes were used to investigate the formation of porous membrane. And the catalytic performance of the catalysts was tested by using toluene and acetone combustion as model reaction. The temperatures of complete toluene and acetone conversion were decreased to 180℃ and 240 ℃, respectively. The morphologies of the stainless steel wire mesh supports and catalysts were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）.
基金Project supported by the Postdoctoral Foundation of Changde Cigarette FactoryProject(20060400887) supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘Chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to analyze the volatile components of cut tobacco samples with the help of heuristic evolving latent projections(HELP).After extracting with simultaneous distillation and extraction method,the volatile components in cut tobacco were detected by GC-MS.Then the obtained original two-dimensional data were resolved into pure mass spectra and chromatograms.The qualitative analysis was performed by similarity searches in the national institute of standards and technology(NIST)mass database with the obtained pure mass spectrum of each component and the quantitative results were obtained by calculating the volume of total two-way response.The accuracy of qualitative and quantitative results were greatly improved by using the two-dimensional comprehensive information of chromatograms and mass spectra.107 of 141 separated constituents in the total ion chromatogram of the volatile components were identified and quantified,accounting for about 88.01% of the total content.The result proves that the developed method is powerful for the analysis of complex cut tobacco samples.
基金Project(20235020) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Analysis of volatile components in herbal pair (HP) herba schizonepetae-ramulus cinnamomi (HS-RC), single herb HS and RC was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data and chemometric resolution method (CRM). The two-dimensional data obtained from GC-MS instruments were resolved into a pure chromatogram and a mass spectrum of each chemical compound by CRM. In total, 47, 61 and 51 chemical components in volatile oil of HS, RC, and HP HS-RC were respectively determined qualitatively and quantitatively, accounting for 90.52%, 88.37%, and 88.72% total contents of volatile oil of HS, RC, and HP HS-RC, respectively. The number of the volatile components of HP HS-RC is almost the addition of that of two single herbs, but their relative contents are changed.
基金Project (01962502) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China
文摘Active volatile components in drug pair(DP)Herba Ephedrae-Ramulus Cinnamomi(HE-RC),single drug HE and RC were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS),chemometric resolution method(CRM)and overall volume integration.By means of CRM,the two-dimensional data obtained from GC-MS instruments were resolved into a pure chromatogram and a mass spectrum of each chemical compound.In total,97,62,and 78 volatile chemical components in volatile oil of HE,RC,and DP HE-RC,were respectively determined qualitatively and quantitatively,accounting for 90.08%,91.62%,and 89.76% total contents of volatile oil of HE,RC,and DP HE-RC respectively.It is further demonstrated that the numbers of volatile components of DP HE-RC are almost the sum of those of two single drugs,but some relative contents of them are changed.Some new components,such as 1,6-dimethylhepta-1,3,5-triene,tetracyclo[4.2.1.1(2,5).0(9,10)]deca-3,7-diene,globulol and(E,E)-6,10,14-trimethyl-5,9,13-pentadecatrien-2-one are found in DP HE-RC because of chemical reactions and physical changes during decoction.
基金Project(20976017) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and the chemometric resolution method(alternative moving window factor analysis,AMWFA) were used for comparative analysis of volatile constituents in herbal pair(HP) flos lonicerae-caulis lonicerae(FL-CL) and its single herbs.The temperature-programmed retention index(PTRI) was also employed for the identification of compounds.In total,44,39,and 50 volatile chemical components in volatile oil of FL,CL and HP FL-CL were separately determined qualitatively and quantitatively,accounting for 87.22%,94.54% and 90.08% total contents of volatile oil of FL,CL and HP FL-CL,respectively.The results show that there are 32 common volatile constituents between HP FL-CL and single herb FL,33 common volatile constituents between HP FL-CL and single herb CL,and 10 new constituents in the volatile oil of HP FL-CL.
基金supported by Natural science foundation of Hubei(2015CFB321) Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(81130064)
文摘OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanisms of the volatiles of Wendan granule for the treatment of senile dementia,network pharmacology method integrating absorption,distribution,metab.olism,and excretion(ADME) screening,target fishing,network constructing,pathway analyzing,and correlated diseases prediction was applied.METHODS Twelve small molecular compounds of WDG were selected as the objects from 74 volatiles with the relative abundances above 2%,and their ADME parameters were collected from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology platform(TCMSP),and then the corresponding targets,genes,pathways and diseases were predicted according to the data provided by TCMSP,DrugBank,Uniport and the Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery(DAVID).The related pathways and correlation analysis were explored by the Kyoto Encyclo.pedia and Genomes(KEGG) database.Finally,the networks of compound-target,target-pathway and pathway-disease of WDG were constructed by Cytoscape software.RESULTS Twelve compounds interacted with 49 targets,of which top three targets were Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1(GABRA1),Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2(PGHS-2) and Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter.Interestingly,these targets were highly associated with depression,insomnia and Alzheimer′s disease that mainly corresponded to mental and emotional illnesses.CONCLUSION The integrated network pharmacology method provides precise probe to illuminate the molecular mechanisms of volatiles of WDG for relieving senile dementia related syndromes,which will also facilitate the application of traditional Chinese medicine in modern medicine,as well as follow-up studies such as upgrading the quality stan.dard of clinical medicine and novel drug development.
文摘Rose is a kind of favorite ornamental plant. This article briefly introduced the cultivation and the use of rose around the world both in ancient time and nowadays. Today, volatile oil becomes the mainstream of the rose industry. People pay attention to the effect of volatile oil; meanwhile, they speed up their research on extracting volatile oil and the ingredients.
基金Project(2007-1718) supported by Development and Reform Commission of Yunnan Province, China
文摘The volatile oil of leaves and barks of Calycopteris floribunda was examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 52 volatile chemical components in leaves were identified. The antimicrobial assay of oils in the leaves and barks was carried out by disk diffusion method in vitro. The major components (mass fraction) in leaves are caryophyllene oxide (13.79%),n-hexadecanoic acid (11.91%) and β-caryophyllene (10.45%). Ten constituents are identified accounting for about 99.98% of the total volatile oil in the bark. Among these components,n-hexadecanoic acid (59.18%),linolic acid (12.70%) and butyl octyl phthalate (8.21%) are the major constituents. The oils exhibit strong antimicrobial activity and display more potent against bacteria than fungi.
基金Supported by the Youth Fund Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001570)the Post-doctorate Program Funding in Heilongjiang Province(LBH-Z19118)the Academic Backbone'Project of Northeast Agricultural University(20XG11)。
文摘Soybean is one of the important crops in China. Soymilk, a traditional neutral plant-based protein drink, is rich in high quality proteins. Although soybean milk is rich in nutrients, its marketing among consumers, especially those in Western countries who are used to peaceful flavor, has been limited due to the adverse flavor impact brought by its special composition. In recent years, with the increasing attention to the nutritional value of soymilk, the flavor of soymilk has become a popular research object for scholars at home and abroad. The flavor components of soymilk are mainly volatile small molecular compounds produced by enzymatic reactions catalyzed by lipoxygenase(LOX). After formation, they interact with protein macromolecules to form the overall flavor of soymilk. At present, there are many methods to control the off-odor of soymilk at home and abroad, including physical heating methods, chemical methods, biological enzymatic digestion methods, mask methods, and a variety of breeding methods. These methods effectively reduce the off-odor of soymilk, but all of them have shortcomings. Currently, the sensory characteristics of the beany odor in soymilk are evaluated mainly by traditional human sensory scoring along with the assistance of modern instrument analysis of volatile flavor substances using headspace solid phase microextraction(SPME) gas chromatography coupled with-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). This paper summarized the research results of volatile flavor substances in soymilk in recent years and the sensory evaluation methods of soymilk at home and abroad, and looked forward to the future development direction, hoping to provide some theoretical bases and reference detection methods for solving the problem of soymilk flavor in the future.
基金supported by the rural science and technology innovation fund project of technology division from Ningbo city science and technology bureau (No.201001C8002011,201002C1011003)
文摘Jinmudan,a new tea variety from Fujian Province has an excellent quality with a unique aroma like magnolia frogrance.To monitor the changes in the tea volatile compounds during the Jinmudan Oolong tea manufacturing(drying) process,the volatiles of tea samples were extracted and analyzed.Characteristic volatile compounds in Jinmudan Oolong tea were nerolidol,α-farnesene,linolenic acid,palmitic acid,indole,phenylacetaldehyde,cisjasmone,β-phenylethanol,etc.The content of nerolidol was the highest in four tested samples.The composition of the volatile compounds in microwave drying sample was simple,but its concentration was high,in which the main volatile compounds were alcohols and esters.The processing with combination of traditional drying craft and modern aroma-improvement technique could obviously improve the tea aroma,especially in level of epoxy linalool and jasmine lactone.
