The feasibility of separation of lead anode slime with low silver by vacuum distillation was analyzed theoretically. The volatilization rates and mass fractions of elements, influenced by distillation temperature, hea...The feasibility of separation of lead anode slime with low silver by vacuum distillation was analyzed theoretically. The volatilization rates and mass fractions of elements, influenced by distillation temperature, heat preservation time and material thickness, were investigated under laboratory conditions. The experimental results indicate that almost all of lead and bismuth can be separated from silver-contained multicomponent alloy at 1 223 K for 45 min when the chamber pressure maintains at 10-25 Pa. Silver can be easily enriched in the residue and its mass fraction increases from 3.6% to 27.8% when the distillation temperature is between 1 133 K and 1 373 K. Due to the forming ofintermetallic compounds Cu2Sb, Cul0Sb3 and Ag3Sb, the antimony could not be evaporated completely during the vacuum distillation. EDS analysis indicates that the condensate has a columnar crystal structure.展开更多
High purity （99.999% or 5N, mass fraction） indium （In） was obtained through vacuum distillation using a 2N （99%） In as input material under a dynamic vacuum of 5 Pa. The glow discharge mass spectrometry （GDMS）...High purity （99.999% or 5N, mass fraction） indium （In） was obtained through vacuum distillation using a 2N （99%） In as input material under a dynamic vacuum of 5 Pa. The glow discharge mass spectrometry （GDMS） was applied for the analysis of input material and the distilled indium. The results indicate that high-volatile impurities namely Cd, Zn, T1 and Pb can be removed from the indium matrix at the low fraction stage of 1 223 K for 120 min; Low-volatile impurities such as Fe, Ni, Cu, Sn can be reduced at the high fraction stage of 1 323 K for 120 min. The separation coefficient ,8i and activity coefficient Yi of impurities are calculated according to the experiments to fill the inadequate data of the thermodynamics.展开更多
The activity of components of Sn-Zn binary alloy system was predicted based on the molecular interaction volume model （MIVM）. The calculated values are in good agreement with available experimental data of activitie...The activity of components of Sn-Zn binary alloy system was predicted based on the molecular interaction volume model （MIVM）. The calculated values are in good agreement with available experimental data of activities, which indicates that this model is of stability and reliability because the MIVM has a good physical basis. The vapor-liquid phase equilibrium of Sn-Zn alloy system in vacuum distillation was calculated as a function of the activity coefficient. The results show that the content of Sn in vapor phase is 4.2x 10-7 （mass fraction） while in liquid phase it is 90% （mass fraction） at 1 073 K, and the content of Sn in vapor phase increases with increasing the melt temperature and content of Sn in liquid phase. Vacuum distillation experiments were carried out on Sn-Zn alloy for the proper interpretation of the results of the MIVM in the temperature range of 973-1 273 K under pressures of 15-200 Pa. The experimental results show that the content of Sn in vapor phase is 5x 10 6 （mass fraction） while in liquid phase it is 90% （mass fraction） under the operational condition of 1 073 K, 100 rain and 15 Pa. The experimental results are in good agreement with the predicted values of the MIVM for Zn-Sn binary alloy system.展开更多
基金Project(2010CI009) supported by Science Foundation of Yunnan Province,ChinaProjects(U1202271) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The feasibility of separation of lead anode slime with low silver by vacuum distillation was analyzed theoretically. The volatilization rates and mass fractions of elements, influenced by distillation temperature, heat preservation time and material thickness, were investigated under laboratory conditions. The experimental results indicate that almost all of lead and bismuth can be separated from silver-contained multicomponent alloy at 1 223 K for 45 min when the chamber pressure maintains at 10-25 Pa. Silver can be easily enriched in the residue and its mass fraction increases from 3.6% to 27.8% when the distillation temperature is between 1 133 K and 1 373 K. Due to the forming ofintermetallic compounds Cu2Sb, Cul0Sb3 and Ag3Sb, the antimony could not be evaporated completely during the vacuum distillation. EDS analysis indicates that the condensate has a columnar crystal structure.
基金Project(2009AA003) supported by Science and Technology Innovation Plan of Yunnan Province, China
文摘High purity （99.999% or 5N, mass fraction） indium （In） was obtained through vacuum distillation using a 2N （99%） In as input material under a dynamic vacuum of 5 Pa. The glow discharge mass spectrometry （GDMS） was applied for the analysis of input material and the distilled indium. The results indicate that high-volatile impurities namely Cd, Zn, T1 and Pb can be removed from the indium matrix at the low fraction stage of 1 223 K for 120 min; Low-volatile impurities such as Fe, Ni, Cu, Sn can be reduced at the high fraction stage of 1 323 K for 120 min. The separation coefficient ,8i and activity coefficient Yi of impurities are calculated according to the experiments to fill the inadequate data of the thermodynamics.
基金Project(2012CB722803) supported by the Key Project of National Basic Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2011FA008)supported by the Key Project of Science and Technology Program of Yunnan Province,China
文摘The activity of components of Sn-Zn binary alloy system was predicted based on the molecular interaction volume model （MIVM）. The calculated values are in good agreement with available experimental data of activities, which indicates that this model is of stability and reliability because the MIVM has a good physical basis. The vapor-liquid phase equilibrium of Sn-Zn alloy system in vacuum distillation was calculated as a function of the activity coefficient. The results show that the content of Sn in vapor phase is 4.2x 10-7 （mass fraction） while in liquid phase it is 90% （mass fraction） at 1 073 K, and the content of Sn in vapor phase increases with increasing the melt temperature and content of Sn in liquid phase. Vacuum distillation experiments were carried out on Sn-Zn alloy for the proper interpretation of the results of the MIVM in the temperature range of 973-1 273 K under pressures of 15-200 Pa. The experimental results show that the content of Sn in vapor phase is 5x 10 6 （mass fraction） while in liquid phase it is 90% （mass fraction） under the operational condition of 1 073 K, 100 rain and 15 Pa. The experimental results are in good agreement with the predicted values of the MIVM for Zn-Sn binary alloy system.
