In the base of utility and marginal utility,the article put forwardthe concept of utility and marginal utilityof educational outlay and the theory of them,and analyzed the actuality of educational resource deployment ...In the base of utility and marginal utility,the article put forwardthe concept of utility and marginal utilityof educational outlay and the theory of them,and analyzed the actuality of educational resource deployment in ourcountry,gave some advice about howtoi mprove our educational resource deployment of compulsory education.展开更多
To improve corrosion-resistance of shallow-buried concrete urban utility tunnels(UUTs),basalt fiber reinforced polymer(BFRP)bars are applied to reinforce UUTs.As the UUT must have excellent survival capability under a...To improve corrosion-resistance of shallow-buried concrete urban utility tunnels(UUTs),basalt fiber reinforced polymer(BFRP)bars are applied to reinforce UUTs.As the UUT must have excellent survival capability under accidental explosions,a shallow-buried BFRP bars reinforced UUT(BBRU)was designed and constructed.Repetitive blast experiments were carried out on this BBRU.Dynamic responses,damage evolutions and failure styles of the BBRU under repetitive explosions were revealed.The tunnel roof is the most vulnerable component and longitudinal cracks develop along the tunnel.When the scaled distance is larger than 1.10 m/kg1/3,no cracks are observed in the experiments.When the BBRU is severely damaged,there are five cracks forming and developing along the roof.The roof is simplified as a clamped-supported one-way slab,proved by the observation that the maximum strain of the transverse bar is much larger than that of the longitudinal bar.Dynamic responses of the roof slab are predicted by dynamic Euler beam theory,which can consistently predict the roof displacement under large-scaleddistance explosion.Compared with the UUT reinforced with steel bars,the BBRU has advantages in blast resistance with smaller deflections and more evenly-distributed cracks when the scaled distance is smaller than 1.260 m/kg1/3 and the steel bars enter plastic state.Longer elastic defamation of the BFRP bars endows the UUT more excellent blast resistance under small-scaled-distance explosions.展开更多
A system model is formulated as the maximization of a total utility function to achieve fair downlink data scheduling in multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） wireless networks. A dynamic subca...A system model is formulated as the maximization of a total utility function to achieve fair downlink data scheduling in multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） wireless networks. A dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm （DSAA） is proposed, to optimize the system model. The subcarrier allocation decision is made by the proposed DSAA according to the maximum value of total utility function with respect to the queue mean waiting time. Simulation results demonstrate that compared to the conventional algorithms, the proposed algorithm has better delay performance and can provide fairness under different loads by using different utility functions.展开更多
Information has two aspects. One aspect is the objective one; another aspect is the subjective one. Shannon has discussed the objective aspect of information in information theory. But the subjective aspect of informa...Information has two aspects. One aspect is the objective one; another aspect is the subjective one. Shannon has discussed the objective aspect of information in information theory. But the subjective aspect of information has not been fully discussed. Someone use “Bayesian approaches” to evaluate the value of information. But in some cases it does not meet the information user＇s need. This paper is focus on the subjective aspect of objectively measurable information and gives formal definitions for information, information utility, and marginal information utility, normalized calculation of information utility. The information discussed in the paper has interdisciplinary nature. This work can be the foundation of many application areas.展开更多
The scheduling utility plays a fundamental role in addressing the commuting travel behaviours. A new scheduling utility,termed as DMRD-SU, was suggested based on some recent research findings in behavioural economics....The scheduling utility plays a fundamental role in addressing the commuting travel behaviours. A new scheduling utility,termed as DMRD-SU, was suggested based on some recent research findings in behavioural economics. DMRD-SU admitted the existence of positive arrival-caused utility. In addition, besides the travel-time-caused utility and arrival-caused utility, DMRD-SU firstly took the departure utility into account. The necessity of the departure utility in trip scheduling was analyzed comprehensively,and the corresponding individual trip scheduling model was presented. Based on a simple network, an analytical example was executed to characterize DMRD-SU. It can be found from the analytical example that: 1) DMRD-SU can predict the accumulation departure behaviors at NDT, which explains the formation of daily serious short-peak-hours in reality, while MRD-SU cannot; 2)Compared with MRD-SU, DMRD-SU predicts that people tend to depart later and its gross utility also decreases faster. Therefore,the departure utility should be considered to describe the traveler's scheduling behaviors better.展开更多
Polyurea coating and carbon fibre reinforced polymer reinforcing techniques were applied to retrofit a severely damaged urban utility tunnel(UUT).The blast responses of the retrofitted UUT were investigated through in...Polyurea coating and carbon fibre reinforced polymer reinforcing techniques were applied to retrofit a severely damaged urban utility tunnel(UUT).The blast responses of the retrofitted UUT were investigated through in-filed explosion experimental tests,and the displacements,strains,accelerations,and damage were compared.The retrofitted UUT exhibited comparable or even better blast resistance than the intact UUT.Although the polyurea coating was flexible,it exhibited excellent performance in improving the blast resistance of the damaged UUT.As the UUT reinforced with basalt fibre reinforce polymer(BFRP)bars has smaller damage compared with the UUT reinforced with steel bars,its retrofitting is simple,and the cost is low.The roof was simplified as an elastically simple support one-way slab.Euler beam theory was adopted to analyse the dynamic responses of UUT roof considering the interaction between soil and structure,which agree well with the experiments in the first three cases.展开更多
In common,the waste heat of the flue gas is recovered and utilized to heat the low temperature feedwater by installing the low temperature economizer(LTE),which can save the steam extracted from the steam turbine and ...In common,the waste heat of the flue gas is recovered and utilized to heat the low temperature feedwater by installing the low temperature economizer(LTE),which can save the steam extracted from the steam turbine and then increase the unit output.However,restricted by the low temperature of waste flue gas,the energy-saving efect is inconspicuous.Based on the common waste heat utilization system of the flue gas.展开更多
A novel backoff algorithm in CSMA/CA-based medium access control (MAC) protocols for clustered sensor networks was proposed. The algorithm requires that all sensor nodes have the same value of contention window (CW) i...A novel backoff algorithm in CSMA/CA-based medium access control (MAC) protocols for clustered sensor networks was proposed. The algorithm requires that all sensor nodes have the same value of contention window (CW) in a cluster, which is revealed by formulating resource allocation as a network utility maximization problem. Then, by maximizing the total network utility with constrains of minimizing collision probability, the optimal value of CW (Wopt) can be computed according to the number of sensor nodes. The new backoff algorithm uses the common optimal value Wopt and leads to fewer collisions than binary exponential backoff algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms standard 802.11 DCF and S-MAC in average collision times, packet delay, total energy consumption, and system throughput.展开更多
Evolutionary algorithms(EAs)have been used in high utility itemset mining(HUIM)to address the problem of discover-ing high utility itemsets(HUIs)in the exponential search space.EAs have good running and mining perform...Evolutionary algorithms(EAs)have been used in high utility itemset mining(HUIM)to address the problem of discover-ing high utility itemsets(HUIs)in the exponential search space.EAs have good running and mining performance,but they still require huge computational resource and may miss many HUIs.Due to the good combination of EA and graphics processing unit(GPU),we propose a parallel genetic algorithm(GA)based on the platform of GPU for mining HUIM(PHUI-GA).The evolution steps with improvements are performed in central processing unit(CPU)and the CPU intensive steps are sent to GPU to eva-luate with multi-threaded processors.Experiments show that the mining performance of PHUI-GA outperforms the existing EAs.When mining 90%HUIs,the PHUI-GA is up to 188 times better than the existing EAs and up to 36 times better than the CPU parallel approach.展开更多
In this paper,we study the optimal investment problem of an insurer whose surplus process follows the diffusion approximation of the classical Cramer-Lundberg model.Investment in the foreign markets is allowed,and the...In this paper,we study the optimal investment problem of an insurer whose surplus process follows the diffusion approximation of the classical Cramer-Lundberg model.Investment in the foreign markets is allowed,and therefore,the foreign exchange rate model is incorporated.Under the allowing of selling and borrowing,the problem of maximizing the expected exponential utility of terminal wealth is studied.By solving the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations,the optimal investment strategies and value functions are obtained.Finally,numerical analysis is presented.展开更多
With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Ni...With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Nickel-based catalysts are renowned for their outstanding activity and selectivity in this process.The impact of metal-support interaction(MSI),on Ni-based catalyst performance has been extensively researched and debated recently.This paper reviews the recent research progress of MSI on Ni-based catalysts and their characterization and modulation strategies in catalytic reactions.From the perspective of MSI,the effects of different carriers(metal oxides,carbon materials and molecular sieves,etc.)are introduced on the dispersion and surface structure of Ni active metal particles,and the effect of MSI on the activity and stability of DRM reactions on Ni-based catalysts is discussed in detail.Future research should focus on better understanding and controlling MSI to improve the performance and durability of nickel-based catalysts in CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming,advancing cleaner energy technologies.展开更多
文摘In the base of utility and marginal utility,the article put forwardthe concept of utility and marginal utilityof educational outlay and the theory of them,and analyzed the actuality of educational resource deployment in ourcountry,gave some advice about howtoi mprove our educational resource deployment of compulsory education.
基金Supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China(51778622,11672130,and 11972184)Social Development Project of Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province(BE2017780)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering(SLDRCE16-01)State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures(MCMS-0217G03)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘To improve corrosion-resistance of shallow-buried concrete urban utility tunnels(UUTs),basalt fiber reinforced polymer(BFRP)bars are applied to reinforce UUTs.As the UUT must have excellent survival capability under accidental explosions,a shallow-buried BFRP bars reinforced UUT(BBRU)was designed and constructed.Repetitive blast experiments were carried out on this BBRU.Dynamic responses,damage evolutions and failure styles of the BBRU under repetitive explosions were revealed.The tunnel roof is the most vulnerable component and longitudinal cracks develop along the tunnel.When the scaled distance is larger than 1.10 m/kg1/3,no cracks are observed in the experiments.When the BBRU is severely damaged,there are five cracks forming and developing along the roof.The roof is simplified as a clamped-supported one-way slab,proved by the observation that the maximum strain of the transverse bar is much larger than that of the longitudinal bar.Dynamic responses of the roof slab are predicted by dynamic Euler beam theory,which can consistently predict the roof displacement under large-scaleddistance explosion.Compared with the UUT reinforced with steel bars,the BBRU has advantages in blast resistance with smaller deflections and more evenly-distributed cracks when the scaled distance is smaller than 1.260 m/kg1/3 and the steel bars enter plastic state.Longer elastic defamation of the BFRP bars endows the UUT more excellent blast resistance under small-scaled-distance explosions.
文摘A system model is formulated as the maximization of a total utility function to achieve fair downlink data scheduling in multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） wireless networks. A dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm （DSAA） is proposed, to optimize the system model. The subcarrier allocation decision is made by the proposed DSAA according to the maximum value of total utility function with respect to the queue mean waiting time. Simulation results demonstrate that compared to the conventional algorithms, the proposed algorithm has better delay performance and can provide fairness under different loads by using different utility functions.
文摘Information has two aspects. One aspect is the objective one; another aspect is the subjective one. Shannon has discussed the objective aspect of information in information theory. But the subjective aspect of information has not been fully discussed. Someone use “Bayesian approaches” to evaluate the value of information. But in some cases it does not meet the information user＇s need. This paper is focus on the subjective aspect of objectively measurable information and gives formal definitions for information, information utility, and marginal information utility, normalized calculation of information utility. The information discussed in the paper has interdisciplinary nature. This work can be the foundation of many application areas.
基金Projects(71131001,71271023,71471014)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012CB725403)supported by National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2011AA110303)supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘The scheduling utility plays a fundamental role in addressing the commuting travel behaviours. A new scheduling utility,termed as DMRD-SU, was suggested based on some recent research findings in behavioural economics. DMRD-SU admitted the existence of positive arrival-caused utility. In addition, besides the travel-time-caused utility and arrival-caused utility, DMRD-SU firstly took the departure utility into account. The necessity of the departure utility in trip scheduling was analyzed comprehensively,and the corresponding individual trip scheduling model was presented. Based on a simple network, an analytical example was executed to characterize DMRD-SU. It can be found from the analytical example that: 1) DMRD-SU can predict the accumulation departure behaviors at NDT, which explains the formation of daily serious short-peak-hours in reality, while MRD-SU cannot; 2)Compared with MRD-SU, DMRD-SU predicts that people tend to depart later and its gross utility also decreases faster. Therefore,the departure utility should be considered to describe the traveler's scheduling behaviors better.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[51778622]Social Development Project of Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province[BE2017780]Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation Youth Project[BK20190573]。
文摘Polyurea coating and carbon fibre reinforced polymer reinforcing techniques were applied to retrofit a severely damaged urban utility tunnel(UUT).The blast responses of the retrofitted UUT were investigated through in-filed explosion experimental tests,and the displacements,strains,accelerations,and damage were compared.The retrofitted UUT exhibited comparable or even better blast resistance than the intact UUT.Although the polyurea coating was flexible,it exhibited excellent performance in improving the blast resistance of the damaged UUT.As the UUT reinforced with basalt fibre reinforce polymer(BFRP)bars has smaller damage compared with the UUT reinforced with steel bars,its retrofitting is simple,and the cost is low.The roof was simplified as an elastically simple support one-way slab.Euler beam theory was adopted to analyse the dynamic responses of UUT roof considering the interaction between soil and structure,which agree well with the experiments in the first three cases.
文摘In common,the waste heat of the flue gas is recovered and utilized to heat the low temperature feedwater by installing the low temperature economizer(LTE),which can save the steam extracted from the steam turbine and then increase the unit output.However,restricted by the low temperature of waste flue gas,the energy-saving efect is inconspicuous.Based on the common waste heat utilization system of the flue gas.
基金Project(60772088) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A novel backoff algorithm in CSMA/CA-based medium access control (MAC) protocols for clustered sensor networks was proposed. The algorithm requires that all sensor nodes have the same value of contention window (CW) in a cluster, which is revealed by formulating resource allocation as a network utility maximization problem. Then, by maximizing the total network utility with constrains of minimizing collision probability, the optimal value of CW (Wopt) can be computed according to the number of sensor nodes. The new backoff algorithm uses the common optimal value Wopt and leads to fewer collisions than binary exponential backoff algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms standard 802.11 DCF and S-MAC in average collision times, packet delay, total energy consumption, and system throughput.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62073155,62002137,62106088,62206113)the High-End Foreign Expert Recruitment Plan(G2023144007L)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP221028).
文摘Evolutionary algorithms(EAs)have been used in high utility itemset mining(HUIM)to address the problem of discover-ing high utility itemsets(HUIs)in the exponential search space.EAs have good running and mining performance,but they still require huge computational resource and may miss many HUIs.Due to the good combination of EA and graphics processing unit(GPU),we propose a parallel genetic algorithm(GA)based on the platform of GPU for mining HUIM(PHUI-GA).The evolution steps with improvements are performed in central processing unit(CPU)and the CPU intensive steps are sent to GPU to eva-luate with multi-threaded processors.Experiments show that the mining performance of PHUI-GA outperforms the existing EAs.When mining 90%HUIs,the PHUI-GA is up to 188 times better than the existing EAs and up to 36 times better than the CPU parallel approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12301603).
文摘In this paper,we study the optimal investment problem of an insurer whose surplus process follows the diffusion approximation of the classical Cramer-Lundberg model.Investment in the foreign markets is allowed,and therefore,the foreign exchange rate model is incorporated.Under the allowing of selling and borrowing,the problem of maximizing the expected exponential utility of terminal wealth is studied.By solving the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations,the optimal investment strategies and value functions are obtained.Finally,numerical analysis is presented.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202203021221155)the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Low Carbon Utilization of Coal(J23-24-902)。
文摘With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Nickel-based catalysts are renowned for their outstanding activity and selectivity in this process.The impact of metal-support interaction(MSI),on Ni-based catalyst performance has been extensively researched and debated recently.This paper reviews the recent research progress of MSI on Ni-based catalysts and their characterization and modulation strategies in catalytic reactions.From the perspective of MSI,the effects of different carriers(metal oxides,carbon materials and molecular sieves,etc.)are introduced on the dispersion and surface structure of Ni active metal particles,and the effect of MSI on the activity and stability of DRM reactions on Ni-based catalysts is discussed in detail.Future research should focus on better understanding and controlling MSI to improve the performance and durability of nickel-based catalysts in CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming,advancing cleaner energy technologies.
