Using natural gas(NG)as the primary fuel helps alleviate the fossil fuel crisis while reducing engine soot and nitrogen oxide(NO_(X))emissions.In this paper,the influences of a novel split injection concept on an NG h...Using natural gas(NG)as the primary fuel helps alleviate the fossil fuel crisis while reducing engine soot and nitrogen oxide(NO_(X))emissions.In this paper,the influences of a novel split injection concept on an NG high pressure direct injection(HPDI)engine are examined.Four typical split injection strategies,namely split pre-injection of pilot diesel(PD)and NG,split post-injection of PD and NG,split pre-injection of NG,and split post-injection of PD,were developed to investigate the influences on combustion and emissions.Results revealed that split pre injection of NG enhanced the atomization of PD,whereas the split post-injection of NG lowered the temperature in the core region of the PD spray,resulting in the deterioration of combustion.The effect of the split injection strategy on indicated thermal efficiency exceeded 7.5%.Split pre-injection was favorable to enhancing thermal efficiency,whereas split post-injection was not.Ignition delay,combustion duration,and premixed combustion time proportion were affected by injection strategies by 3.8%,50%,and 19.7%,respectively.Split pre-injection increased CH_(4) emission in the exhaust.Split post-injection,especially split post-injection of PD and NG,reduced the unburned CH_(4) emission by approximately 30%.When the split post-injection ratio was less than 30%,the trade-off between NO_(X) and soot was interrupted.The distribution range of hydroxyl radicals was expanded by pre-injection,and NO_(X) was generated in the region where the NG jet hit the wall.This paper provides valuable insights into the optimization of HPDI injection parameters.展开更多
Propofol(2,6-di-isopropylphenol) is a short-acting,intravenous sedative drug.^([1,2]) The pharmacologic mechanism of propofol is related to its agonistic effects on the gamma-amino butyric acid receptor.^([1-3]) Propo...Propofol(2,6-di-isopropylphenol) is a short-acting,intravenous sedative drug.^([1,2]) The pharmacologic mechanism of propofol is related to its agonistic effects on the gamma-amino butyric acid receptor.^([1-3]) Propofol injection pain(PIP) is well-known in the operating room and is commonly countered by the prophylactic administration of lidocaine.In anesthesia,PIP is encountered in 28%–90% of patients.^([4,5]) However,PIPprophylaxis does not seem to be efficacious in every population.^([6,7]) Whether procedural sedation and analgesia(PSA) in the emergency department(ED) warrants lidocaine administration is unclear.展开更多
The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)with satellite technology is ushering in a new era of space exploration,with small satellites playing a pivotal role in advancing this field.However,the deployment of mach...The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)with satellite technology is ushering in a new era of space exploration,with small satellites playing a pivotal role in advancing this field.However,the deployment of machine learning(ML)models in space faces distinct challenges,such as single event upsets(SEUs),which are triggered by space radiation and can corrupt the outputs of neural networks.To defend against this threat,we investigate laser-based fault injection techniques on 55-nm SRAM cells,aiming to explore the impact of SEUs on neural network performance.In this paper,we propose a novel solution in the form of Bin-DNCNN,a binary neural network(BNN)-based model that significantly enhances robustness to radiation-induced faults.We conduct experiments to evaluate the denoising effectiveness of different neural network architectures,comparing their resilience to weight errors before and after fault injections.Our experimental results demonstrate that binary neural networks(BNNs)exhibit superior robustness to weight errors compared to traditional deep neural networks(DNNs),making them a promising candidate for spaceborne AI applications.展开更多
In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor,secondary circuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel,where a molten lead-b...In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor,secondary circuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel,where a molten lead-based alloy(typically pure lead or lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE))is used as the coolant.To clarify the pressure build-up characteristics under water-jet injection,this study conducted several experiments by injecting pressurized water into a molten LBE pool at Sun Yat-sen University.To obtain a further understanding,several new experimental parameters were adopted,including the melt temperature,water subcooling,injection pressure,injection duration,and nozzle diameter.Through detailed analyses,it was found that the pressure and temperature during the water-melt interaction exhibited a consistent variation trend with our previous water-droplet injection mode LBE experiment.Similarly,the existence of a steam explosion was confirmed,which typically results in a much stronger pressure build-up.For the non-explosion cases,increasing the injection pressure,melt-pool temperature,nozzle diameter,and water subcooling promoted pressure build-up in the melt pool.However,a limited enhancement effect was observed when increasing the injection duration,which may be owing to the continually rising pressure in the interaction vessel or the isolation effect of the generated steam cavity.Regardless of whether a steam explosion occurred,the calculated mechanical and kinetic energy conversion efficiencies of the melt were relatively small(not exceeding 4.1%and 0.7%,respectively).Moreover,the range of the conversion efficiency was similar to that of previous water-droplet experiments,although the upper limit of the jet mode was slightly lower.展开更多
A new method for directly injecting plasma into the central cell of the Keda Mirror with AXisymmetricity(KMAX)device by using a compact toroid(CT)has been developed.This radial injection approach overcomes the limitat...A new method for directly injecting plasma into the central cell of the Keda Mirror with AXisymmetricity(KMAX)device by using a compact toroid(CT)has been developed.This radial injection approach overcomes the limitations of conventional plasma initiation methods,which typically rely on injecting plasma from one or both ends in a magnetic mirror configuration.The radial injection method aims to produce high-density plasma and facilitate studies of mirror-confined plasma.This paper presents its latest results and provides a detailed description of the injection system design.Our findings confirm the theoretical prediction that the injected plasma must achieve sufficient speed to penetrate the magnetic field and reach the chamber's center.Experimental observations show that,at medium voltage,the plasmoid may linger near the chamber edge,marking the first experimental identification of the conditions required for plasma penetration.展开更多
Neutral beam injection(NBI)has been proven as a reliable heating and current drive method for fusion plasma.For the high-energy NBI system(particle energy>150 ke V)of large-scale fusion devices,the negative ion sou...Neutral beam injection(NBI)has been proven as a reliable heating and current drive method for fusion plasma.For the high-energy NBI system(particle energy>150 ke V)of large-scale fusion devices,the negative ion source neutral beam injection(NNBI)system is inevitable,which can obtain an acceptable neutralization efficiency(>55%).But the NNBI system is very complex and challengeable.To explore and master the key NNBI technology for future fusion reactor in China,an NNBI test facility is under development in the framework of the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT).The initial goal of CRAFT NNBI facility is to achieve a 2 MW hydrogen neutral beam at the energy of 200–400 ke V for lasting 100 s.In the first operation of the CRAFT NNBI facility,a negative ion source with dual RF drivers was developed and tested.By using the 50 keV accelerator,the long-pulse and highcurrent extractions of negative hydrogen ions have been achieved and the typical values were 55.4 keV,7.3 A(~123 A/m^(2)),105 s and 55.0 keV,14.7 A(~248 A/m^(2)),30 s,respectively.By using the 200 keV accelerator,the megawatt-class negative hydrogen beam has also been achieved(135.9 keV,8.9 A,8 s).The whole process of the gas neutralization of negative ion beam,electric removal of residual ions,and beam transport have been demonstrated experimentally.展开更多
In laser wakefield acceleration,injecting an external electron beam at a certain energy is a promising approach for achieving a high-quality electron beam with low energy spread and low emittance.In this paper,the pro...In laser wakefield acceleration,injecting an external electron beam at a certain energy is a promising approach for achieving a high-quality electron beam with low energy spread and low emittance.In this paper,the process of laser wakefield acceleration with an external injection at 10 pC has been studied in simulations.A Bayesian optimization method is used to optimize the key laser and plasma parameters so that the electron beam is accelerated to the expected energy with a small emittance and energy spread growth.The effect of the rising edge of the plasma on the transverse properties of the electron beam is simulated and optimized in order to ensure that the external electron beam is injected into the plasma without significant emittance growth.Finally,a high-quality electron beam with an energy of 1.5 GeV,a normalized transverse emittance of 0.5 mm·mrad and a relative energy spread of 0.5%at 10 pC is obtained.展开更多
Based on the independently developed true triaxial multi-physical field large-scale physical simulation system of in-situ injection and production,we conducted physical simulation of long-term multi-well injection and...Based on the independently developed true triaxial multi-physical field large-scale physical simulation system of in-situ injection and production,we conducted physical simulation of long-term multi-well injection and production in the hot dry rocks of the Gonghe Basin,Qinghai Province,NW China.Through multi-well connectivity experiments,the spatial distribution characteristics of the natural fracture system in the rock samples and the connectivity between fracture and wellbore were clarified.The injection and production wells were selected to conduct the experiments,namely one injection well and two production wells,one injection well and one production well.The variation of several physical parameters in the production well was analyzed,such as flow rate,temperature,heat recovery rate and fluid recovery.The results show that under the combination of thermal shock and injection pressure,the fracture conductivity was enhanced,and the production temperature showed a downward trend.The larger the flow rate,the faster the decrease.When the local closed area of the fracture was gradually activated,new heat transfer areas were generated,resulting in a lower rate of increase or decrease in the mining temperature.The heat recovery rate was mainly controlled by the extraction flow rate and the temperature difference between injection and production fluid.As the conductivity of the leak-off channel increased,the fluid recovery of the production well rapidly decreased.The influence mechanisms of dominant channels and fluid leak-off on thermal recovery performance are different.The former limits the heat exchange area,while the latter affects the flow rate of the produced fluid.Both of them are important factors affecting the long-term and efficient development of hot dry rock.展开更多
The combination therapy of magnetic hyperthermia and thermosensitive liposomes(TSL)is an emerging and effective cancer treatment method.The heat generation of magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)due to an external alternating...The combination therapy of magnetic hyperthermia and thermosensitive liposomes(TSL)is an emerging and effective cancer treatment method.The heat generation of magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)due to an external alternating magnetic field can not only directly damage tumor cells,but also serves as a triggering factor for the release of doxorubicin from TSL.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects in the degree of tumor cell damage of two proposed injection strategies that consider intravenous administration.Since both MNPs and TSL enter the tumor region intravenously,this study establishes a biological geometric model based on an experiment-based vascular distribution.Furthermore,this study derives the flow velocity of interstitial fluid after coupling the pressure distribution inside blood vessels and the pressure distribution of interstitial fluid,which then provides the convective velocity for the calculation of subsequent nanoparticle concentration.Different injection strategies for the proposed approach are evaluated by drug delivery result,temperature distribution,and tumor cell damage.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed delayed injection strategy after optimization can not only result in a wider distribution for MNPs and TSL due to the sufficient diffusion time,but also improves the distribution of the temperature and drug concentration fields for the overall efficacy of combination therapy.展开更多
Based on the EAST equilibrium,the effects of boron(B)and neon(Ne)injected at different locations on the target heat load,and the distributions of B and Ne particles were investigated by transport code SOLPS-ITER.It wa...Based on the EAST equilibrium,the effects of boron(B)and neon(Ne)injected at different locations on the target heat load,and the distributions of B and Ne particles were investigated by transport code SOLPS-ITER.It was found that the B injection was more sensitive to the injection location for heat flux control than impurity Ne.The high electron and ion densities near the inner target in the discharge with impurity B injected from over X-point(R_(1))led to plasma detachment only at the inner target,and the localized B ions in the cases with injection from outer target location(R_(2))and upstream location(R_(3))led to far-SOL detachment at the outer target,but not at the inner target.In contrast,for Ne,the spatial distributions of Ne ions and electrons were found to be similar in all the cases at the three injection locations,and the detached plasma was achieved at the inner target and the electron temperature was reduced at the outer target.For locations R_(2) and R_(3),impurity B showed a more pronounced effect on the heat flux at the far-SOL of the outer target.Further analysis indicated that Ne atoms came mainly from the recycling sources,whereas B atoms came mainly from injection,and that their distinct atomic distributions resulted from the difference in the ionization threshold and ionization mean free path.In addition,the radiation proportion of B in the divertor region was larger than that of Ne when the total radiation power was similar,which suggests that B has less influence on the core region.展开更多
Nanoparticles(NPs)have gained significant attention as a functional material due to their ability to effectively enhance pressure reduction in injection processes in ultra-low permeability reservoirs.NPs are typically...Nanoparticles(NPs)have gained significant attention as a functional material due to their ability to effectively enhance pressure reduction in injection processes in ultra-low permeability reservoirs.NPs are typically studied in controlled laboratory conditions,and their behavior in real-world,complex environments such as ultra-low permeability reservoirs,is not well understood due to the limited scope of their applications.This study investigates the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of NPs in decreasing injection pressure under various injection conditions(25—85℃,10—25 MPa).The results reveal that under optimal injection conditions,NPs effectively reduce injection pressure by a maximum of 22.77%in core experiment.The pressure reduction rate is found to be positively correlated with oil saturation and permeability,and negatively correlated with temperature and salinity.Furthermore,particle image velocimetry(PIV)experiments(25℃,atmospheric pressure)indicate that the pressure reduction is achieved by NPs through the reduction of wall shear resistance and wettability change.This work has important implications for the design of water injection strategies in ultra-low permeability reservoirs.展开更多
Air injection technique for developing shale oil has gained significant attention. However, the ability of the heat front to consistently propagate within the shale during air injection remains uncertain. To address t...Air injection technique for developing shale oil has gained significant attention. However, the ability of the heat front to consistently propagate within the shale during air injection remains uncertain. To address this, we investigated the heat front propagation within oil-detritus mixtures, shale cores, and fractured shale cores using a self-designed combustion tube(CT) and experimental schemes. By integrating the results obtained from high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry and CT, we developed a comprehensive reaction kinetics model to accurately analyze the main factors influencing the heat front propagation within fractured shale. The findings revealed that in the absence of additional fractures, the heat front failed to propagate within the tight shale. The flow of gases and liquids towards the shale core was impeded, resulting in the formation of a high-pressure zone at the front region of the shale. This pressure buildup significantly hindered air injection, leading to inadequate oxygen supply and the extinguishment of the heat front. However, the study demonstrated the stable propagation of the heat front within the oil-detritus mixtures, indicating the good combustion activity of the shale oil.Furthermore, the heat front successfully propagated within the fractured shale, generating a substantial amount of heat that facilitated the creation of fractures and enhanced gas injection and shale oil flow. It was important to note that after the heat front passed through the shale, the combustion intensity decreased. The simulation results indicated that injecting air into the main fracturing layers of the shale oil reservoir enabled the establishment of a stable heat front. Increasing the reservoir temperature(from 63 to 143℃) and oxygen concentration in the injected gas(from 11% to 21%) promoted notable heat front propagation and increased the average temperature of the heat front. It was concluded that temperature and oxygen concentration had the most important influence on the heat front propagation, followed by pressure and oil saturation.展开更多
A two-stage catalytic membrane reactor(CMR)that couples CO_(2) splitting with methane oxidation reactions was constructed based on an oxygen-permeable perovskite asymmetric membrane.The asymmetric membrane comprises a...A two-stage catalytic membrane reactor(CMR)that couples CO_(2) splitting with methane oxidation reactions was constructed based on an oxygen-permeable perovskite asymmetric membrane.The asymmetric membrane comprises a dense SrFe_(0.9)Ta_(0.1)O_(3-σ)(SFT)separation layer and a porous Sr_(0.9)(Fe_(0.9)Ta_(0.1))_(0.9)Cu_(0.1)O_(3-σ)(SFTC)catalytic layer.In thefirst stage reactor,a CO_(2) splitting reaction(CDS:2CO_(2)→2CO+O_(2))occurs at the SFTC catalytic layer.Subsequently,the O_(2) product is selectively extracted through the SFT separation layer to the permeated side for the methane combustion reaction(MCR),which provides an extremely low oxygen partial pressure to enhance the oxygen extraction.In the second stage,a Sr_(0.9)(Fe_(0.9)Ta_(0.1))_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O_(3-σ)(SFTN)catalyst is employed to reform the products derived from MCR.The two-stage CMR design results in a remarkable 35.4%CO_(2) conversion for CDS at 900℃.The two-stage CMR was extended to a hollowfiber configuration combining with solar irradiation.The solar-assisted two-stage CMR can operate stably for over 50 h with a high hydrogen yield of 18.1 mL min^(-1) cm^(-2).These results provide a novel strategy for reducing CO_(2) emissions,suggesting potential avenues for the design of the high-performance CMRs and catalysts based on perovskite oxides in the future.展开更多
The nozzle inner-flow characteristic of the“spray G”injector was studied by the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation,and the sensitivity of cycle fuel mass to the conicity and entrance radius of the nozzle ho...The nozzle inner-flow characteristic of the“spray G”injector was studied by the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation,and the sensitivity of cycle fuel mass to the conicity and entrance radius of the nozzle hole were analyzed.Results show that the inner conicity of nozzle hole inhibits the development of cavitation phenomena,and increases the injection rate.While the outer conicity of nozzle hole promotes the diffusion of cavita-tion,leading to reductions of the liquid volume fraction of the nozzle outlet and the local flow resistance of the nozzle hole.The sensitivity of cycle fuel mass to inner-cone nozzle hole is stronger than that of the outer-cone noz-zle,especially at the smaller hole conicity.The increase of injection pressure enhances the sensitivity of the injection characteristics to the nozzle hole structure,in which inner-cone nozzle has higher sensitivity coefficient than the outer-cone nozzle hole.However,the increase of injection pressure aggravates the offset of liquid jet to the nozzle axis of the outer-cone nozzle hole.With the increase of the inner conicity of nozzle,the sensitivity of the injection characteristics to the entrance radius of the hole decreases.With the increase of the outer conicity of nozzle hole,the sensitivity of the injection characteristics to the entrance radius of the hole increases.展开更多
The gas field in the Bohai Bay Basin is a fractured metamorphic buried-hill reservoir with dual-media characteristics. The retrograde vaporization mechanism observed in this type of gas condensate reservoir differs si...The gas field in the Bohai Bay Basin is a fractured metamorphic buried-hill reservoir with dual-media characteristics. The retrograde vaporization mechanism observed in this type of gas condensate reservoir differs significantly from that observed in sand gas condensate reservoirs. However, studies on improving the recovery of fractured gas condensate reservoirs are limited;thus, the impact of retrograde vaporization on condensate within fractured metamorphic buried-hill reservoirs remains unclear. To address this gap, a series of gas injection experiments are conducted in pressure-volume-temperature(PVT) cells and long-cores to investigate the retrograde vaporization effect of condensate using different gas injection media in fractured gas condensate reservoirs. We analyze the variation in condensate volume, gas-to-oil ratio, and condensate recovery during gas injection and examine the influence of various gas injection media(CO_(2), N_(2), and dry gas) under different reservoir properties and varying gas injection times. The results demonstrate that the exchange of components between injected gas and condensate significantly influences condensate retrograde vaporization in the formation. Compared with dry gas injection and N_(2) injection,CO_(2) injection exhibits a superior retrograde vaporization effect. At a CO_(2) injection volume of 1 PV, the percentage shrinkage volume of condensate is 13.82%. Additionally, at the maximum retrograde condensation pressure, CO_(2) injection can increase the recovery of condensate by 22.4%. However, the condensate recovery is notably lower in fractured gas condensate reservoirs than in homogeneous reservoirs, owing to the creation of dominant gas channeling by fractures, which leads to decreased condensate recovery. Regarding gas injection timing, the effect of gas injection at reservoir pressure on improving condensate recovery is superior to that of gas injection at the maximum retrograde condensation pressure. This research provides valuable guidance for designing gas injection development plans and dynamic tracking adjustments for fractured gas condensate reservoirs.展开更多
A series of experiments and numerical simulations are carried out in a high-speed axial compressor to systematically investigate the influence and underlying flow mechanisms of micro tip injection on enhancing compres...A series of experiments and numerical simulations are carried out in a high-speed axial compressor to systematically investigate the influence and underlying flow mechanisms of micro tip injection on enhancing compressor stability.Different geometric structures of micro tip injection have been investigated,including the axial positions of injector port,injected mass flow rate and injector diameter.First,seven designed micro tip injection structures and one solid wall casing are tested in the compressor test rig to elucidate the influence of different micro tip injection parameters on the compressor stability.Then,numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the underlying flow mechanisms of micro tip injection with different design parameters on enhancing the compressor stability.The experimental and numerical investigation reveal that when the injection port is located upstream of the low-speed region,the compressor stability is significantly enhanced.The tip injection with larger injected mass flow can obtain higher stall margin improvement.Smaller injector diameter produces higher injection momentum and velocity,contributing to greater improvement on the compressor stability.展开更多
Carbonated water injection(CWI)is a promising enhanced oil recovery(EOR)technology that has received much attention in co-optimizing CO_(2) storage and oil recovery.This study provides a comprehensive review of the fl...Carbonated water injection(CWI)is a promising enhanced oil recovery(EOR)technology that has received much attention in co-optimizing CO_(2) storage and oil recovery.This study provides a comprehensive review of the fluid system properties and the underlying changes in rock-fluid interactions that drive the CWI-EOR mechanisms.Previous research has indicated that CWI can enhance oil recovery by shifting reservoir wettability towards a more water-wet state and reducing interfacial tension(IFT).However,this study reveals that there is still room for discussion in this area.Notably,the potential of CWI to alter reservoir permeability has not yet been explored.The varying operational conditions of the CWI process,namely temperature,pressure,injection rate,salinity,and ionic composition,lead to different levels of oil recovery factors.Herein,we aim to meticulously analyze their impact on oil recovery performance and outline the optimal operational conditions.Pressure,for instance,positively influences oil recovery rate and CWI efficiency.On one hand,higher operating pressures enhance the effectiveness of CW due to increased CO_(2)solubility.On the other hand,gas exsolution events in depleted reservoirs provide additional energy for oil movement along gas growth pathways.However,CWI at high carbonation levels does not offer significant benefits over lower carbonation levels.Additionally,lower temperatures and injection rates correlate with higher recovery rates.Further optimization of solution chemistry is necessary to determine the maximum recovery rates under optimal conditions.Moreover,this review comprehensively covers laboratory experiments,numerical simulations,and field applications involving the CWI process.However,challenges such as pipeline corrosion,potential reservoir damage,and produced water treatment impact the further application of CWI in EOR technologies.These issues can affect the expected oil recovery rates,thereby reducing the economic returns of EOR projects.Finally,this review introduces current research trends and future development prospects based on recently published studies in the field of CWI.The conclusions of this study aid readers in better understanding the latest advancements in CWI technology and the strengths and limitations of the techniques used,providing directions for further development and application of CWI.展开更多
Plugging agent treatment and acid stimulation have completely different mechanisms for improving injection profiles. In this paper, a hybrid procedure is introduced to reduce the damage of the plugging agent to low a...Plugging agent treatment and acid stimulation have completely different mechanisms for improving injection profiles. In this paper, a hybrid procedure is introduced to reduce the damage of the plugging agent to low and medium permeability zones and the penetration radius of acid into high permeability zones. The procedure is: First inject plugging agent to block high permeability zones, and then inject acid to remove plugging agent damage from the low and medium permeability zones and stimulate them. To perform this procedure successfully, three kinds of plugging agents, namely strong strength plugging agent for the wells with fractures or high permeability streaks, weak gel for those with thick layer in which serious heterogeneity exists, temporary plugging agent for those in which the absorption ability of high permeability zones needs maintaining, were screened out for use in different reservoirs. Several acid systems were evaluated to be compatible with the three kinds of plugging agents. The objectives of this paper are:(1)To show the screen results about the compatible plugging agent and acid; 2 To show how to optimize the operation process;(3)To tell some experience gained ( ) from the oilfield applications of this technique. From Jan. 2001 to Dec. 2002, 46 operations using this procedure were carried out in Weicheng and Mazhai Oilfields of SINOPEC. Results show that the average benefit/cost ratio is over 3.5. Experience acquired from these applications was summarized in the paper.展开更多
Objective To observe the effect of Danhong injection(DI)in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)at a high risk of no-reflow(NR)during primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Met...Objective To observe the effect of Danhong injection(DI)in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)at a high risk of no-reflow(NR)during primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods Patients were placed in a DI group and control group.The DI group was given DI and the control group was given physiologic saline.The administration lasted 4 to 6 days in both groups after PCI.Cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR)was carried out during the perioperative period(7±2 days).The primary endpoint of the study was myocardial infarct size(IS)imaged on delayed-enhancement CMR.The secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events observed 6 months after PCI.Results In total,160 high-risk NR patients were enrolled,and 110 patients completed the CMR examination.According to postoperative CMR,the Myocardial Salvage Index and left ventricular ejection fraction were higher in the DI group(0.57±0.13 vs.0.48±0.17,P<0.01;49.3%±6.9%vs.46.2%±7.7%,P=0.03,respectively),whereas the IS was lower(19.7%±5.6%vs.22.2%±6.5%,P=0.04),compared with that in the control group.These differences were observed to be significant.After 6 months,the prevalence of major adverse cardiac events in the DI group decreased compared with that in the control group,but the differences were not observed to be significant(P>0.05).Conclusion The application of DI can reduce the myocardial infarct size in STEMI patients at a high risk of NR during primary PCI.展开更多
Neutral beam injection （NBI） system with two neutral beam injections will be con- structed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak （EAST） in two stages for high power auxiliary plasmas heating and non...Neutral beam injection （NBI） system with two neutral beam injections will be con- structed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak （EAST） in two stages for high power auxiliary plasmas heating and non-inductive current drive. Each NBI can deliver 2-4 MW beam power with 50-80 keV beam energy in 10-100 s pulse length. Each elements of the NBI system are presented in this contribution.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51909154)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ship Intelligent Maintenance and Energy Efficiency(No.20DZ2252300).
文摘Using natural gas(NG)as the primary fuel helps alleviate the fossil fuel crisis while reducing engine soot and nitrogen oxide(NO_(X))emissions.In this paper,the influences of a novel split injection concept on an NG high pressure direct injection(HPDI)engine are examined.Four typical split injection strategies,namely split pre-injection of pilot diesel(PD)and NG,split post-injection of PD and NG,split pre-injection of NG,and split post-injection of PD,were developed to investigate the influences on combustion and emissions.Results revealed that split pre injection of NG enhanced the atomization of PD,whereas the split post-injection of NG lowered the temperature in the core region of the PD spray,resulting in the deterioration of combustion.The effect of the split injection strategy on indicated thermal efficiency exceeded 7.5%.Split pre-injection was favorable to enhancing thermal efficiency,whereas split post-injection was not.Ignition delay,combustion duration,and premixed combustion time proportion were affected by injection strategies by 3.8%,50%,and 19.7%,respectively.Split pre-injection increased CH_(4) emission in the exhaust.Split post-injection,especially split post-injection of PD and NG,reduced the unburned CH_(4) emission by approximately 30%.When the split post-injection ratio was less than 30%,the trade-off between NO_(X) and soot was interrupted.The distribution range of hydroxyl radicals was expanded by pre-injection,and NO_(X) was generated in the region where the NG jet hit the wall.This paper provides valuable insights into the optimization of HPDI injection parameters.
文摘Propofol(2,6-di-isopropylphenol) is a short-acting,intravenous sedative drug.^([1,2]) The pharmacologic mechanism of propofol is related to its agonistic effects on the gamma-amino butyric acid receptor.^([1-3]) Propofol injection pain(PIP) is well-known in the operating room and is commonly countered by the prophylactic administration of lidocaine.In anesthesia,PIP is encountered in 28%–90% of patients.^([4,5]) However,PIPprophylaxis does not seem to be efficacious in every population.^([6,7]) Whether procedural sedation and analgesia(PSA) in the emergency department(ED) warrants lidocaine administration is unclear.
文摘The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)with satellite technology is ushering in a new era of space exploration,with small satellites playing a pivotal role in advancing this field.However,the deployment of machine learning(ML)models in space faces distinct challenges,such as single event upsets(SEUs),which are triggered by space radiation and can corrupt the outputs of neural networks.To defend against this threat,we investigate laser-based fault injection techniques on 55-nm SRAM cells,aiming to explore the impact of SEUs on neural network performance.In this paper,we propose a novel solution in the form of Bin-DNCNN,a binary neural network(BNN)-based model that significantly enhances robustness to radiation-induced faults.We conduct experiments to evaluate the denoising effectiveness of different neural network architectures,comparing their resilience to weight errors before and after fault injections.Our experimental results demonstrate that binary neural networks(BNNs)exhibit superior robustness to weight errors compared to traditional deep neural networks(DNNs),making them a promising candidate for spaceborne AI applications.
基金supported by Basic and Applied Basic research foundation of Guangdong province(Nos.2021A1515010343 and 2022A1515011582)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province(Nos.2021A0505030026 and 2022A0505050029).
文摘In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor,secondary circuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel,where a molten lead-based alloy(typically pure lead or lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE))is used as the coolant.To clarify the pressure build-up characteristics under water-jet injection,this study conducted several experiments by injecting pressurized water into a molten LBE pool at Sun Yat-sen University.To obtain a further understanding,several new experimental parameters were adopted,including the melt temperature,water subcooling,injection pressure,injection duration,and nozzle diameter.Through detailed analyses,it was found that the pressure and temperature during the water-melt interaction exhibited a consistent variation trend with our previous water-droplet injection mode LBE experiment.Similarly,the existence of a steam explosion was confirmed,which typically results in a much stronger pressure build-up.For the non-explosion cases,increasing the injection pressure,melt-pool temperature,nozzle diameter,and water subcooling promoted pressure build-up in the melt pool.However,a limited enhancement effect was observed when increasing the injection duration,which may be owing to the continually rising pressure in the interaction vessel or the isolation effect of the generated steam cavity.Regardless of whether a steam explosion occurred,the calculated mechanical and kinetic energy conversion efficiencies of the melt were relatively small(not exceeding 4.1%and 0.7%,respectively).Moreover,the range of the conversion efficiency was similar to that of previous water-droplet experiments,although the upper limit of the jet mode was slightly lower.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0790303)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12175226)。
文摘A new method for directly injecting plasma into the central cell of the Keda Mirror with AXisymmetricity(KMAX)device by using a compact toroid(CT)has been developed.This radial injection approach overcomes the limitations of conventional plasma initiation methods,which typically rely on injecting plasma from one or both ends in a magnetic mirror configuration.The radial injection method aims to produce high-density plasma and facilitate studies of mirror-confined plasma.This paper presents its latest results and provides a detailed description of the injection system design.Our findings confirm the theoretical prediction that the injected plasma must achieve sufficient speed to penetrate the magnetic field and reach the chamber's center.Experimental observations show that,at medium voltage,the plasmoid may linger near the chamber edge,marking the first experimental identification of the conditions required for plasma penetration.
基金supported by the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology Program of China(No.2018-000052-73-01-001228)。
文摘Neutral beam injection(NBI)has been proven as a reliable heating and current drive method for fusion plasma.For the high-energy NBI system(particle energy>150 ke V)of large-scale fusion devices,the negative ion source neutral beam injection(NNBI)system is inevitable,which can obtain an acceptable neutralization efficiency(>55%).But the NNBI system is very complex and challengeable.To explore and master the key NNBI technology for future fusion reactor in China,an NNBI test facility is under development in the framework of the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT).The initial goal of CRAFT NNBI facility is to achieve a 2 MW hydrogen neutral beam at the energy of 200–400 ke V for lasting 100 s.In the first operation of the CRAFT NNBI facility,a negative ion source with dual RF drivers was developed and tested.By using the 50 keV accelerator,the long-pulse and highcurrent extractions of negative hydrogen ions have been achieved and the typical values were 55.4 keV,7.3 A(~123 A/m^(2)),105 s and 55.0 keV,14.7 A(~248 A/m^(2)),30 s,respectively.By using the 200 keV accelerator,the megawatt-class negative hydrogen beam has also been achieved(135.9 keV,8.9 A,8 s).The whole process of the gas neutralization of negative ion beam,electric removal of residual ions,and beam transport have been demonstrated experimentally.
基金supported by Science and Technology Major Project of Hubei Province in China(No.2021AFB001)。
文摘In laser wakefield acceleration,injecting an external electron beam at a certain energy is a promising approach for achieving a high-quality electron beam with low energy spread and low emittance.In this paper,the process of laser wakefield acceleration with an external injection at 10 pC has been studied in simulations.A Bayesian optimization method is used to optimize the key laser and plasma parameters so that the electron beam is accelerated to the expected energy with a small emittance and energy spread growth.The effect of the rising edge of the plasma on the transverse properties of the electron beam is simulated and optimized in order to ensure that the external electron beam is injected into the plasma without significant emittance growth.Finally,a high-quality electron beam with an energy of 1.5 GeV,a normalized transverse emittance of 0.5 mm·mrad and a relative energy spread of 0.5%at 10 pC is obtained.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52192622,52304003).
文摘Based on the independently developed true triaxial multi-physical field large-scale physical simulation system of in-situ injection and production,we conducted physical simulation of long-term multi-well injection and production in the hot dry rocks of the Gonghe Basin,Qinghai Province,NW China.Through multi-well connectivity experiments,the spatial distribution characteristics of the natural fracture system in the rock samples and the connectivity between fracture and wellbore were clarified.The injection and production wells were selected to conduct the experiments,namely one injection well and two production wells,one injection well and one production well.The variation of several physical parameters in the production well was analyzed,such as flow rate,temperature,heat recovery rate and fluid recovery.The results show that under the combination of thermal shock and injection pressure,the fracture conductivity was enhanced,and the production temperature showed a downward trend.The larger the flow rate,the faster the decrease.When the local closed area of the fracture was gradually activated,new heat transfer areas were generated,resulting in a lower rate of increase or decrease in the mining temperature.The heat recovery rate was mainly controlled by the extraction flow rate and the temperature difference between injection and production fluid.As the conductivity of the leak-off channel increased,the fluid recovery of the production well rapidly decreased.The influence mechanisms of dominant channels and fluid leak-off on thermal recovery performance are different.The former limits the heat exchange area,while the latter affects the flow rate of the produced fluid.Both of them are important factors affecting the long-term and efficient development of hot dry rock.
基金Project supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62471144 and 62071124)in part by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(BR)(CNPq)(Grant No.315546/2021-2)。
文摘The combination therapy of magnetic hyperthermia and thermosensitive liposomes(TSL)is an emerging and effective cancer treatment method.The heat generation of magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)due to an external alternating magnetic field can not only directly damage tumor cells,but also serves as a triggering factor for the release of doxorubicin from TSL.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects in the degree of tumor cell damage of two proposed injection strategies that consider intravenous administration.Since both MNPs and TSL enter the tumor region intravenously,this study establishes a biological geometric model based on an experiment-based vascular distribution.Furthermore,this study derives the flow velocity of interstitial fluid after coupling the pressure distribution inside blood vessels and the pressure distribution of interstitial fluid,which then provides the convective velocity for the calculation of subsequent nanoparticle concentration.Different injection strategies for the proposed approach are evaluated by drug delivery result,temperature distribution,and tumor cell damage.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed delayed injection strategy after optimization can not only result in a wider distribution for MNPs and TSL due to the sufficient diffusion time,but also improves the distribution of the temperature and drug concentration fields for the overall efficacy of combination therapy.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFE03030004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12275040)+1 种基金the Users with Excellence Program of Hefei Science Center CAS(Grant No.2020HSC-UE010)This research is also sponsored in part by the U.S.Department of Energy under contract DEAC02-09CH11466.
文摘Based on the EAST equilibrium,the effects of boron(B)and neon(Ne)injected at different locations on the target heat load,and the distributions of B and Ne particles were investigated by transport code SOLPS-ITER.It was found that the B injection was more sensitive to the injection location for heat flux control than impurity Ne.The high electron and ion densities near the inner target in the discharge with impurity B injected from over X-point(R_(1))led to plasma detachment only at the inner target,and the localized B ions in the cases with injection from outer target location(R_(2))and upstream location(R_(3))led to far-SOL detachment at the outer target,but not at the inner target.In contrast,for Ne,the spatial distributions of Ne ions and electrons were found to be similar in all the cases at the three injection locations,and the detached plasma was achieved at the inner target and the electron temperature was reduced at the outer target.For locations R_(2) and R_(3),impurity B showed a more pronounced effect on the heat flux at the far-SOL of the outer target.Further analysis indicated that Ne atoms came mainly from the recycling sources,whereas B atoms came mainly from injection,and that their distinct atomic distributions resulted from the difference in the ionization threshold and ionization mean free path.In addition,the radiation proportion of B in the divertor region was larger than that of Ne when the total radiation power was similar,which suggests that B has less influence on the core region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52074249,U1663206,52204069)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Nanoparticles(NPs)have gained significant attention as a functional material due to their ability to effectively enhance pressure reduction in injection processes in ultra-low permeability reservoirs.NPs are typically studied in controlled laboratory conditions,and their behavior in real-world,complex environments such as ultra-low permeability reservoirs,is not well understood due to the limited scope of their applications.This study investigates the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of NPs in decreasing injection pressure under various injection conditions(25—85℃,10—25 MPa).The results reveal that under optimal injection conditions,NPs effectively reduce injection pressure by a maximum of 22.77%in core experiment.The pressure reduction rate is found to be positively correlated with oil saturation and permeability,and negatively correlated with temperature and salinity.Furthermore,particle image velocimetry(PIV)experiments(25℃,atmospheric pressure)indicate that the pressure reduction is achieved by NPs through the reduction of wall shear resistance and wettability change.This work has important implications for the design of water injection strategies in ultra-low permeability reservoirs.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52204049)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (No. 2024NSFSC0960)Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under Agreement No. 075-15-2022-299 within the Framework of the Development Program for a World-Class Research Center “Efficient development of the global liquid hydrocarbon reserves”。
文摘Air injection technique for developing shale oil has gained significant attention. However, the ability of the heat front to consistently propagate within the shale during air injection remains uncertain. To address this, we investigated the heat front propagation within oil-detritus mixtures, shale cores, and fractured shale cores using a self-designed combustion tube(CT) and experimental schemes. By integrating the results obtained from high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry and CT, we developed a comprehensive reaction kinetics model to accurately analyze the main factors influencing the heat front propagation within fractured shale. The findings revealed that in the absence of additional fractures, the heat front failed to propagate within the tight shale. The flow of gases and liquids towards the shale core was impeded, resulting in the formation of a high-pressure zone at the front region of the shale. This pressure buildup significantly hindered air injection, leading to inadequate oxygen supply and the extinguishment of the heat front. However, the study demonstrated the stable propagation of the heat front within the oil-detritus mixtures, indicating the good combustion activity of the shale oil.Furthermore, the heat front successfully propagated within the fractured shale, generating a substantial amount of heat that facilitated the creation of fractures and enhanced gas injection and shale oil flow. It was important to note that after the heat front passed through the shale, the combustion intensity decreased. The simulation results indicated that injecting air into the main fracturing layers of the shale oil reservoir enabled the establishment of a stable heat front. Increasing the reservoir temperature(from 63 to 143℃) and oxygen concentration in the injected gas(from 11% to 21%) promoted notable heat front propagation and increased the average temperature of the heat front. It was concluded that temperature and oxygen concentration had the most important influence on the heat front propagation, followed by pressure and oil saturation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0101600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20117)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220002,BE2022024)the Leading Talents Program of Zhejiang Province(2024C03223)Topnotch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(TAPP).
文摘A two-stage catalytic membrane reactor(CMR)that couples CO_(2) splitting with methane oxidation reactions was constructed based on an oxygen-permeable perovskite asymmetric membrane.The asymmetric membrane comprises a dense SrFe_(0.9)Ta_(0.1)O_(3-σ)(SFT)separation layer and a porous Sr_(0.9)(Fe_(0.9)Ta_(0.1))_(0.9)Cu_(0.1)O_(3-σ)(SFTC)catalytic layer.In thefirst stage reactor,a CO_(2) splitting reaction(CDS:2CO_(2)→2CO+O_(2))occurs at the SFTC catalytic layer.Subsequently,the O_(2) product is selectively extracted through the SFT separation layer to the permeated side for the methane combustion reaction(MCR),which provides an extremely low oxygen partial pressure to enhance the oxygen extraction.In the second stage,a Sr_(0.9)(Fe_(0.9)Ta_(0.1))_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O_(3-σ)(SFTN)catalyst is employed to reform the products derived from MCR.The two-stage CMR design results in a remarkable 35.4%CO_(2) conversion for CDS at 900℃.The two-stage CMR was extended to a hollowfiber configuration combining with solar irradiation.The solar-assisted two-stage CMR can operate stably for over 50 h with a high hydrogen yield of 18.1 mL min^(-1) cm^(-2).These results provide a novel strategy for reducing CO_(2) emissions,suggesting potential avenues for the design of the high-performance CMRs and catalysts based on perovskite oxides in the future.
文摘The nozzle inner-flow characteristic of the“spray G”injector was studied by the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation,and the sensitivity of cycle fuel mass to the conicity and entrance radius of the nozzle hole were analyzed.Results show that the inner conicity of nozzle hole inhibits the development of cavitation phenomena,and increases the injection rate.While the outer conicity of nozzle hole promotes the diffusion of cavita-tion,leading to reductions of the liquid volume fraction of the nozzle outlet and the local flow resistance of the nozzle hole.The sensitivity of cycle fuel mass to inner-cone nozzle hole is stronger than that of the outer-cone noz-zle,especially at the smaller hole conicity.The increase of injection pressure enhances the sensitivity of the injection characteristics to the nozzle hole structure,in which inner-cone nozzle has higher sensitivity coefficient than the outer-cone nozzle hole.However,the increase of injection pressure aggravates the offset of liquid jet to the nozzle axis of the outer-cone nozzle hole.With the increase of the inner conicity of nozzle,the sensitivity of the injection characteristics to the entrance radius of the hole decreases.With the increase of the outer conicity of nozzle hole,the sensitivity of the injection characteristics to the entrance radius of the hole increases.
文摘The gas field in the Bohai Bay Basin is a fractured metamorphic buried-hill reservoir with dual-media characteristics. The retrograde vaporization mechanism observed in this type of gas condensate reservoir differs significantly from that observed in sand gas condensate reservoirs. However, studies on improving the recovery of fractured gas condensate reservoirs are limited;thus, the impact of retrograde vaporization on condensate within fractured metamorphic buried-hill reservoirs remains unclear. To address this gap, a series of gas injection experiments are conducted in pressure-volume-temperature(PVT) cells and long-cores to investigate the retrograde vaporization effect of condensate using different gas injection media in fractured gas condensate reservoirs. We analyze the variation in condensate volume, gas-to-oil ratio, and condensate recovery during gas injection and examine the influence of various gas injection media(CO_(2), N_(2), and dry gas) under different reservoir properties and varying gas injection times. The results demonstrate that the exchange of components between injected gas and condensate significantly influences condensate retrograde vaporization in the formation. Compared with dry gas injection and N_(2) injection,CO_(2) injection exhibits a superior retrograde vaporization effect. At a CO_(2) injection volume of 1 PV, the percentage shrinkage volume of condensate is 13.82%. Additionally, at the maximum retrograde condensation pressure, CO_(2) injection can increase the recovery of condensate by 22.4%. However, the condensate recovery is notably lower in fractured gas condensate reservoirs than in homogeneous reservoirs, owing to the creation of dominant gas channeling by fractures, which leads to decreased condensate recovery. Regarding gas injection timing, the effect of gas injection at reservoir pressure on improving condensate recovery is superior to that of gas injection at the maximum retrograde condensation pressure. This research provides valuable guidance for designing gas injection development plans and dynamic tracking adjustments for fractured gas condensate reservoirs.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52076179)National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(No.J2019-I-0011).
文摘A series of experiments and numerical simulations are carried out in a high-speed axial compressor to systematically investigate the influence and underlying flow mechanisms of micro tip injection on enhancing compressor stability.Different geometric structures of micro tip injection have been investigated,including the axial positions of injector port,injected mass flow rate and injector diameter.First,seven designed micro tip injection structures and one solid wall casing are tested in the compressor test rig to elucidate the influence of different micro tip injection parameters on the compressor stability.Then,numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the underlying flow mechanisms of micro tip injection with different design parameters on enhancing the compressor stability.The experimental and numerical investigation reveal that when the injection port is located upstream of the low-speed region,the compressor stability is significantly enhanced.The tip injection with larger injected mass flow can obtain higher stall margin improvement.Smaller injector diameter produces higher injection momentum and velocity,contributing to greater improvement on the compressor stability.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4104200)Liaoning Foundation Research Projects for Application(Grant No.2023JH2/101300005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51976024,52076030)。
文摘Carbonated water injection(CWI)is a promising enhanced oil recovery(EOR)technology that has received much attention in co-optimizing CO_(2) storage and oil recovery.This study provides a comprehensive review of the fluid system properties and the underlying changes in rock-fluid interactions that drive the CWI-EOR mechanisms.Previous research has indicated that CWI can enhance oil recovery by shifting reservoir wettability towards a more water-wet state and reducing interfacial tension(IFT).However,this study reveals that there is still room for discussion in this area.Notably,the potential of CWI to alter reservoir permeability has not yet been explored.The varying operational conditions of the CWI process,namely temperature,pressure,injection rate,salinity,and ionic composition,lead to different levels of oil recovery factors.Herein,we aim to meticulously analyze their impact on oil recovery performance and outline the optimal operational conditions.Pressure,for instance,positively influences oil recovery rate and CWI efficiency.On one hand,higher operating pressures enhance the effectiveness of CW due to increased CO_(2)solubility.On the other hand,gas exsolution events in depleted reservoirs provide additional energy for oil movement along gas growth pathways.However,CWI at high carbonation levels does not offer significant benefits over lower carbonation levels.Additionally,lower temperatures and injection rates correlate with higher recovery rates.Further optimization of solution chemistry is necessary to determine the maximum recovery rates under optimal conditions.Moreover,this review comprehensively covers laboratory experiments,numerical simulations,and field applications involving the CWI process.However,challenges such as pipeline corrosion,potential reservoir damage,and produced water treatment impact the further application of CWI in EOR technologies.These issues can affect the expected oil recovery rates,thereby reducing the economic returns of EOR projects.Finally,this review introduces current research trends and future development prospects based on recently published studies in the field of CWI.The conclusions of this study aid readers in better understanding the latest advancements in CWI technology and the strengths and limitations of the techniques used,providing directions for further development and application of CWI.
文摘Plugging agent treatment and acid stimulation have completely different mechanisms for improving injection profiles. In this paper, a hybrid procedure is introduced to reduce the damage of the plugging agent to low and medium permeability zones and the penetration radius of acid into high permeability zones. The procedure is: First inject plugging agent to block high permeability zones, and then inject acid to remove plugging agent damage from the low and medium permeability zones and stimulate them. To perform this procedure successfully, three kinds of plugging agents, namely strong strength plugging agent for the wells with fractures or high permeability streaks, weak gel for those with thick layer in which serious heterogeneity exists, temporary plugging agent for those in which the absorption ability of high permeability zones needs maintaining, were screened out for use in different reservoirs. Several acid systems were evaluated to be compatible with the three kinds of plugging agents. The objectives of this paper are:(1)To show the screen results about the compatible plugging agent and acid; 2 To show how to optimize the operation process;(3)To tell some experience gained ( ) from the oilfield applications of this technique. From Jan. 2001 to Dec. 2002, 46 operations using this procedure were carried out in Weicheng and Mazhai Oilfields of SINOPEC. Results show that the average benefit/cost ratio is over 3.5. Experience acquired from these applications was summarized in the paper.
基金supported by grant from the Capital health research and development of special project (2016-15011)
文摘Objective To observe the effect of Danhong injection(DI)in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)at a high risk of no-reflow(NR)during primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods Patients were placed in a DI group and control group.The DI group was given DI and the control group was given physiologic saline.The administration lasted 4 to 6 days in both groups after PCI.Cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR)was carried out during the perioperative period(7±2 days).The primary endpoint of the study was myocardial infarct size(IS)imaged on delayed-enhancement CMR.The secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events observed 6 months after PCI.Results In total,160 high-risk NR patients were enrolled,and 110 patients completed the CMR examination.According to postoperative CMR,the Myocardial Salvage Index and left ventricular ejection fraction were higher in the DI group(0.57±0.13 vs.0.48±0.17,P<0.01;49.3%±6.9%vs.46.2%±7.7%,P=0.03,respectively),whereas the IS was lower(19.7%±5.6%vs.22.2%±6.5%,P=0.04),compared with that in the control group.These differences were observed to be significant.After 6 months,the prevalence of major adverse cardiac events in the DI group decreased compared with that in the control group,but the differences were not observed to be significant(P>0.05).Conclusion The application of DI can reduce the myocardial infarct size in STEMI patients at a high risk of NR during primary PCI.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11075188)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Knowledge Innovation Project: the study of neutral beam steady-state operation of the key technical and physical problems
文摘Neutral beam injection （NBI） system with two neutral beam injections will be con- structed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak （EAST） in two stages for high power auxiliary plasmas heating and non-inductive current drive. Each NBI can deliver 2-4 MW beam power with 50-80 keV beam energy in 10-100 s pulse length. Each elements of the NBI system are presented in this contribution.
