The analytical structures and the corresponding mathematical properties of the one dimensional and two dimensional fuzzy controllers are first investigated in detail. The nature of these two kinds of fuzzy controllers...The analytical structures and the corresponding mathematical properties of the one dimensional and two dimensional fuzzy controllers are first investigated in detail. The nature of these two kinds of fuzzy controllers is next probed from the perspective of control engineering. For the one dimensional fuzzy controller, it is concluded that this controller is a combination of a saturation element and a nonlinear proportional controller, and the system that employs the one dimensional fuzzy controller is the combination of an open-loop control system and a closedloop control system. For the latter case, it is concluded that it is a hybrid controller, which comprises the saturation part, zero-output part, nonlinear derivative part, nonlinear proportional part, as well as nonlinear proportional-derivative part, and the two dimensional fuzzy controller-based control system is a loop-varying system with varying number of control loops.展开更多
An event-triggered scheme is proposed to solve the problems of robust guaranteed cost control for a class of two-dimensional(2-D)discrete-time systems.Firstly,an eventtriggered scheme is proposed for 2-D discrete-time...An event-triggered scheme is proposed to solve the problems of robust guaranteed cost control for a class of two-dimensional(2-D)discrete-time systems.Firstly,an eventtriggered scheme is proposed for 2-D discrete-time systems with parameter uncertainties and sector nonlinearities.Then,according to the Lyapunov functional method,the sufficient conditions for the existence of event-triggered robust guaranteed cost controller for 2-D discrete-time systems with parameter uncertainties and sector nonlinearities are given.Furthermore,based on the sufficient conditions and the linear matrix inequality(LMI)technique,the problem of designing event-triggered robust guaranteed cost controller is transformed into a feasible solution problem of LMI.Finally,a numerical example is given to demonstrate that,under the proposed event-triggered robust guaranteed cost control,the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable and fewer communication resources are occupied.展开更多
An optimization method is introduced to design the aerodynamic parameters of a dual-spin twodimensional guided projectile with the canards for trajectory correction. The nose guidance component contains two pairs of c...An optimization method is introduced to design the aerodynamic parameters of a dual-spin twodimensional guided projectile with the canards for trajectory correction. The nose guidance component contains two pairs of canards which can provide lift and despin with the projectile for stability. The optimal design algorithm is developed to decide the profiles both of the steering and spinning canards,and their deflection angles are also simulated to meet the needs of trajectory correction capabilities.Finally, the aerodynamic efficiency of the specific canards is discussed according to the CFD simulations.Results that obtained here can be further applied to the exterior ballistics design.展开更多
Instead of the capillary plasma generator(CPG),a discharge rod plasma generator(DRPG)is used in the30 mm electrothermal-chemical(ETC)gun to improve the ignition uniformity of the solid propellant.An axisymmetric two-d...Instead of the capillary plasma generator(CPG),a discharge rod plasma generator(DRPG)is used in the30 mm electrothermal-chemical(ETC)gun to improve the ignition uniformity of the solid propellant.An axisymmetric two-dimensional interior ballistics model of the solid propellant ETC gun(2D-IB-SPETCG)is presented to describe the process of the ETC launch.Both calculated pressure and projectile muzzle velocity accord well with the experimental results.The feasibility of the 2D-IB-SPETCG model is proved.Depending on the experimental data and initial parameters,detailed distribution of the ballistics parameters can be simulated.With the distribution of pressure and temperature of the gas phase and the propellant,the influence of plasma during the ignition process can be analyzed.Because of the radial flowing plasma,the propellant in the area of the DRPG is ignited within 0.01 ms,while all propellant in the chamber is ignited within 0.09 ms.The radial ignition delay time is much less than the axial delay time.During the ignition process,the radial pressure difference is less than 5 MPa at the place 0.025 m away from the breech.The radial ignition uniformity is proved.The temperature of the gas increases from several thousand K(conventional ignition)to several ten thousand K(plasma ignition).Compare the distribution of the density and temperature of the gas,we know that low density and high temperature gas appears near the exits of the DRPG,while high density and low temperature gas appears at the wall near the breech.The simulation of the 2D-IB-SPETCG model is an effective way to investigate the interior ballistics process of the ETC launch.The 2D-IB-SPETC model can be used for prediction and improvement of experiments.展开更多
The overwintering survival ratio of the cultivar Dongnongdongmai 1 with strong cold-resistance in paramos of Heilongjiang Province in China are over 85%. The tillering nodes are the most important organs for overwinte...The overwintering survival ratio of the cultivar Dongnongdongmai 1 with strong cold-resistance in paramos of Heilongjiang Province in China are over 85%. The tillering nodes are the most important organs for overwintering survival of winter wheat, because there are more substances associated with cold resistance in tillering nodes than those in leaves and roots. Proteins in the tillering nodes of the cold-resistant cultivar Dongnongdongmai 1 grown under field conditions with or without any lowtemperature stress were analyzed by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry. In the range of pH 4-7, the expression of 37 proteins showed obvious difference （±more than two fold） in the proteomic maps of cold-stressed and non-stressed tillering nodes, including a new protein spot. All proteins exhibiting the difference in expression were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, followed by a database search for protein identification and function prediction. Five groups of proteins were confirmed, namely stress-related proteins （22%）, metabolism-associated proteins （35%）, and signaling molecules （24%）, cell wall-binding proteins （5%）, unclear proteins （14%）. This indicated that tillering node cells supported the energy requirements of plant growth and stress resistance by signal transduction adapting to metabolism and structure.展开更多
A number of useful techniques associated with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy(2DCOS)to improve its performance and utility have been developed in the last 30years.Evolution of these 2DCOS techniques,including...A number of useful techniques associated with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy(2DCOS)to improve its performance and utility have been developed in the last 30years.Evolution of these 2DCOS techniques,including some of the very recent developments,is reviewed with examples.Topics include merged or modified asynchronous 2Dcorrelation spectrum,two-dimensional codistribution spectroscopy(2DCDS),Pareto scaling,and null-space projection treatment of spectral dataset.展开更多
Existing studies about two-dimensional consecutivek-out-of-n： F system is dealt with two states （either component or system）： working or failure. A new model for two-dimensional linear consecutive-k-out-of-n： F s...Existing studies about two-dimensional consecutivek-out-of-n： F system is dealt with two states （either component or system）： working or failure. A new model for two-dimensional linear consecutive-k-out-of-n： F system is proposed, in which the components and systems can be at any of the three states： full working, derating working, and failure. Furthermore, two engineer- ing concrete instances of the new system are given. By using the finite Markov chain imbedding approach, the system reliability is presented in a unified formula with the product of matrices for the case of independent and identically distributed component states which can be extended to the independent but non-identical case easily. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the above approach and tractability of various problems.展开更多
A series of soy protein isolate(SPI)films plasticized by glycerol(Gly)were studied using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR/FTIR).Perturbation-correlation movingwindow two-dimensi...A series of soy protein isolate(SPI)films plasticized by glycerol(Gly)were studied using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR/FTIR).Perturbation-correlation movingwindow two-dimensional(PCMW2D)and two-dimensional correlation(2DCOS)analyses were applied to the amideⅠband and thus the hydrogen bond interaction between SPI and Gly was systematically investigated.When Gly concentrations were in the range 0~35%,the hydrogen bond amongβ-sheets was replaced by the one between SPI chain and Gly molecule,which caused these protein chains being changed toα-helix.However,the transformation ofβ-sheet toα-helix was saturated and both of them tend to change to random coil when Gly concentrations were in the range 35%~60%.展开更多
In the present study,thermal behavior and crystal transition of pure poly(butylene adipate)(PBA)upon heating process were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy.To gain further insight into the thermal behavior alteration ...In the present study,thermal behavior and crystal transition of pure poly(butylene adipate)(PBA)upon heating process were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy.To gain further insight into the thermal behavior alteration and the phase transition of PBA,we performed two-dimensional(2D)correlation analysis.We found thatβ-form PBA crystal undergoes not only the melting process but also crystal transition upon the heating process.展开更多
The analytic solution of the magnetotelluric fields for an idealized 2-D model which is composed of two segments with diagonal anisotropy underlain by aperfect insulator basement is considered using aquasi-static anal...The analytic solution of the magnetotelluric fields for an idealized 2-D model which is composed of two segments with diagonal anisotropy underlain by aperfect insulator basement is considered using aquasi-static analytic approach.The analytic magnetotelluric responses for a particular model are presented.The resulting analytic solution could be used to check the numerical solutions given by numerical algorithms before more complex situations are investigated.展开更多
基金This project was supported by the fundation of the Academy of Finland (201353)
文摘The analytical structures and the corresponding mathematical properties of the one dimensional and two dimensional fuzzy controllers are first investigated in detail. The nature of these two kinds of fuzzy controllers is next probed from the perspective of control engineering. For the one dimensional fuzzy controller, it is concluded that this controller is a combination of a saturation element and a nonlinear proportional controller, and the system that employs the one dimensional fuzzy controller is the combination of an open-loop control system and a closedloop control system. For the latter case, it is concluded that it is a hybrid controller, which comprises the saturation part, zero-output part, nonlinear derivative part, nonlinear proportional part, as well as nonlinear proportional-derivative part, and the two dimensional fuzzy controller-based control system is a loop-varying system with varying number of control loops.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61573129 U1804147)+2 种基金the Innovative Scientists and Technicians Team of Henan Provincial High Education(20IRTSTHN019)the Innovative Scientists and Technicians Team of Henan Polytechnic University(T2019-2 T2017-1)
文摘An event-triggered scheme is proposed to solve the problems of robust guaranteed cost control for a class of two-dimensional(2-D)discrete-time systems.Firstly,an eventtriggered scheme is proposed for 2-D discrete-time systems with parameter uncertainties and sector nonlinearities.Then,according to the Lyapunov functional method,the sufficient conditions for the existence of event-triggered robust guaranteed cost controller for 2-D discrete-time systems with parameter uncertainties and sector nonlinearities are given.Furthermore,based on the sufficient conditions and the linear matrix inequality(LMI)technique,the problem of designing event-triggered robust guaranteed cost controller is transformed into a feasible solution problem of LMI.Finally,a numerical example is given to demonstrate that,under the proposed event-triggered robust guaranteed cost control,the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable and fewer communication resources are occupied.
文摘An optimization method is introduced to design the aerodynamic parameters of a dual-spin twodimensional guided projectile with the canards for trajectory correction. The nose guidance component contains two pairs of canards which can provide lift and despin with the projectile for stability. The optimal design algorithm is developed to decide the profiles both of the steering and spinning canards,and their deflection angles are also simulated to meet the needs of trajectory correction capabilities.Finally, the aerodynamic efficiency of the specific canards is discussed according to the CFD simulations.Results that obtained here can be further applied to the exterior ballistics design.
文摘Instead of the capillary plasma generator(CPG),a discharge rod plasma generator(DRPG)is used in the30 mm electrothermal-chemical(ETC)gun to improve the ignition uniformity of the solid propellant.An axisymmetric two-dimensional interior ballistics model of the solid propellant ETC gun(2D-IB-SPETCG)is presented to describe the process of the ETC launch.Both calculated pressure and projectile muzzle velocity accord well with the experimental results.The feasibility of the 2D-IB-SPETCG model is proved.Depending on the experimental data and initial parameters,detailed distribution of the ballistics parameters can be simulated.With the distribution of pressure and temperature of the gas phase and the propellant,the influence of plasma during the ignition process can be analyzed.Because of the radial flowing plasma,the propellant in the area of the DRPG is ignited within 0.01 ms,while all propellant in the chamber is ignited within 0.09 ms.The radial ignition delay time is much less than the axial delay time.During the ignition process,the radial pressure difference is less than 5 MPa at the place 0.025 m away from the breech.The radial ignition uniformity is proved.The temperature of the gas increases from several thousand K(conventional ignition)to several ten thousand K(plasma ignition).Compare the distribution of the density and temperature of the gas,we know that low density and high temperature gas appears near the exits of the DRPG,while high density and low temperature gas appears at the wall near the breech.The simulation of the 2D-IB-SPETCG model is an effective way to investigate the interior ballistics process of the ETC launch.The 2D-IB-SPETC model can be used for prediction and improvement of experiments.
基金Supported by Funding (Topic CXZ003) from the New Ideas Team and the Doctoral Research Foundation of Northeast Agricultural University (2008 2010)The Scientific Research Fund of the Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department (11551067)
文摘The overwintering survival ratio of the cultivar Dongnongdongmai 1 with strong cold-resistance in paramos of Heilongjiang Province in China are over 85%. The tillering nodes are the most important organs for overwintering survival of winter wheat, because there are more substances associated with cold resistance in tillering nodes than those in leaves and roots. Proteins in the tillering nodes of the cold-resistant cultivar Dongnongdongmai 1 grown under field conditions with or without any lowtemperature stress were analyzed by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry. In the range of pH 4-7, the expression of 37 proteins showed obvious difference （±more than two fold） in the proteomic maps of cold-stressed and non-stressed tillering nodes, including a new protein spot. All proteins exhibiting the difference in expression were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, followed by a database search for protein identification and function prediction. Five groups of proteins were confirmed, namely stress-related proteins （22%）, metabolism-associated proteins （35%）, and signaling molecules （24%）, cell wall-binding proteins （5%）, unclear proteins （14%）. This indicated that tillering node cells supported the energy requirements of plant growth and stress resistance by signal transduction adapting to metabolism and structure.
文摘A number of useful techniques associated with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy(2DCOS)to improve its performance and utility have been developed in the last 30years.Evolution of these 2DCOS techniques,including some of the very recent developments,is reviewed with examples.Topics include merged or modified asynchronous 2Dcorrelation spectrum,two-dimensional codistribution spectroscopy(2DCDS),Pareto scaling,and null-space projection treatment of spectral dataset.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70901008)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20091101120053)+1 种基金the Excellent Young Scholars Research Fund of Beijing Institute of Technology (2008Y0818,2010YS1304)the Excellent Talent Culture Foundation of Beijing(2009D013001000040)
文摘Existing studies about two-dimensional consecutivek-out-of-n： F system is dealt with two states （either component or system）： working or failure. A new model for two-dimensional linear consecutive-k-out-of-n： F system is proposed, in which the components and systems can be at any of the three states： full working, derating working, and failure. Furthermore, two engineer- ing concrete instances of the new system are given. By using the finite Markov chain imbedding approach, the system reliability is presented in a unified formula with the product of matrices for the case of independent and identically distributed component states which can be extended to the independent but non-identical case easily. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the above approach and tractability of various problems.
文摘A series of soy protein isolate(SPI)films plasticized by glycerol(Gly)were studied using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR/FTIR).Perturbation-correlation movingwindow two-dimensional(PCMW2D)and two-dimensional correlation(2DCOS)analyses were applied to the amideⅠband and thus the hydrogen bond interaction between SPI and Gly was systematically investigated.When Gly concentrations were in the range 0~35%,the hydrogen bond amongβ-sheets was replaced by the one between SPI chain and Gly molecule,which caused these protein chains being changed toα-helix.However,the transformation ofβ-sheet toα-helix was saturated and both of them tend to change to random coil when Gly concentrations were in the range 35%~60%.
文摘In the present study,thermal behavior and crystal transition of pure poly(butylene adipate)(PBA)upon heating process were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy.To gain further insight into the thermal behavior alteration and the phase transition of PBA,we performed two-dimensional(2D)correlation analysis.We found thatβ-form PBA crystal undergoes not only the melting process but also crystal transition upon the heating process.
基金Supported by General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40774035)
文摘The analytic solution of the magnetotelluric fields for an idealized 2-D model which is composed of two segments with diagonal anisotropy underlain by aperfect insulator basement is considered using aquasi-static analytic approach.The analytic magnetotelluric responses for a particular model are presented.The resulting analytic solution could be used to check the numerical solutions given by numerical algorithms before more complex situations are investigated.
