A numerical analysis of the log-law behavior for the turbulent boundary layer of a wall-bounded flow is performed over a flat plate immersed in three nanofluids(Zn O-water,SiO_(2)-water,TiO_(2)-water).Numerical simula...A numerical analysis of the log-law behavior for the turbulent boundary layer of a wall-bounded flow is performed over a flat plate immersed in three nanofluids(Zn O-water,SiO_(2)-water,TiO_(2)-water).Numerical simulations using CFD code are employed to investigate the boundary layer and the hydrodynamic flow.To validate the current numerical model,measurement points from published works were used,and the compared results were in good compliance.Simulations were carried out for the velocity series of 0.04,0.4 and 4 m/s and nanoparticle concentrations0.1% and 5%.The influence of nanoparticles’ concentration on velocity,temperature profiles,wall shear stress,and turbulent intensity was investigated.The obtained results showed that the viscous sub-layer,the buffer layer,and the loglaw layer along the potential-flow layer could be analyzed based on their curving quality in the regions which have just a single wall distance.It was seen that the viscous sub-layer is the biggest area in comparison with other areas.Alternatively,the section where the temperature changes considerably correspond to the thermal boundary layer’s thickness goes a downward trend when the velocity decreases.The thermal boundary layer gets deep away from the leading edge.However,a rise in the volume fraction of nanoparticles indicated a minor impact on the shear stress developed in the wall.In all cases,the thickness of the boundary layer undergoes a downward trend as the velocity increases,whereas increasing the nanoparticle concentrations would enhance the thickness.More precisely,the log layer is closed with log law,and it is minimal between Y^(+)=50 and Y^(+)=95.The temperature for nanoparticle concentration φ=5%is higher than that for φ=0.1%,in boundary layers,for all studied nanofluids.However,it is established that the behavior is inverted from the value of Y^(+)=1 and the temperature for φ =0.1% is more important than the case of φ =5%.For turbulence intensity peak,this peak exists at Y^(+)=100 for v=4 m/s,Y^(+)=10 for v=0.4 m/s and Y^(+)=8 for v=0.04 m/s.展开更多
2024年5月14-18日福建省连续5 d出现区域性O_(3)污染过程,闽南地区代表城市泉州在14-16日维持3 d O_(3)污染,历史出现概率0.64%。14-15日在晴热天气与偏北气流控制下,本地生成和区域输送是导致O_(3)污染的主要原因,但15日夜间-16日凌晨...2024年5月14-18日福建省连续5 d出现区域性O_(3)污染过程,闽南地区代表城市泉州在14-16日维持3 d O_(3)污染,历史出现概率0.64%。14-15日在晴热天气与偏北气流控制下,本地生成和区域输送是导致O_(3)污染的主要原因,但15日夜间-16日凌晨泉州近地面O_(3)浓度异常升高导致16日08:00即出现O_(3)-MDA8超二级标准限值。利用环境国控点污染物监测、气象地面观测、风廓线雷达探测等多源地基遥感数据及ERA-5再分析资料,采用统计分析、天气学诊断等方法,探究该过程泉州近地面受垂直传输影响出现O_(3)污染的天气学成因。结果表明,此次O_(3)夜间污染主要分为两个影响阶段:第一阶段15日22:00-16日03:00,风矢量垂直廓线显示近地面风速陡升至18.3m·s^(-1),风切变使垂直方向产生湍流,大气残留层的高浓度污染气团随冷空气大风侵入地面,导致地面O_(3)迅速升高,各评价点的O_(3)浓度峰值为193-202μg·m^(-3)且PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO、SO_(2)等其他污染物浓度也均有上升;第二阶段16日03:00-05:00,边界层高度稳定维持在1.2 km以上,混合层升高导致自由对流层中高浓度O_(3)气团垂直下沉向地面扩散,该气团较老气团更加干冷且富含O_(3),但其他污染物浓度则较低,入侵影响地面后气温(t)、相对湿度(RH)、CO、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)等要素同步下降。展开更多
特高压(ultra high voltage,UHV)换流站阀厅的金属屋面系统在风荷载作用下易发生屋面表层风揭事故。为深入探讨该类建筑屋面的风压极值特性,基于风洞试验分别探讨了大气边界层(atmospheric-boundary-layer,ABL)风、壁面射流、均匀湍流...特高压(ultra high voltage,UHV)换流站阀厅的金属屋面系统在风荷载作用下易发生屋面表层风揭事故。为深入探讨该类建筑屋面的风压极值特性,基于风洞试验分别探讨了大气边界层(atmospheric-boundary-layer,ABL)风、壁面射流、均匀湍流三种风场作用下的屋面风压特性,比较了平均风剖面、风速、风向、湍流强度等因素对屋面风压的影响。结果表明:阀厅屋盖迎风前缘负风压最大,且控制风向角在45°左右;壁面射流风场下平均风压系数与脉动风压系数均超过大气边界层风场的结果;风速对阀厅屋盖的负风压系数均值和极值影响较小,而湍流度对风压系数的极值影响较大;大气边界风场时,JGJ/T 481—2019《屋盖结构风荷载标准》的最不利风压系数建议值偏于安全;而在壁面射流风场下,阀厅屋盖全风向最不利风压系数在所有区域都大于JGJ/T 481—2019的建议值,设计中应加以重视。展开更多
基金support he received through General Research Project under the grant number (R.G.P.2/138/42)。
文摘A numerical analysis of the log-law behavior for the turbulent boundary layer of a wall-bounded flow is performed over a flat plate immersed in three nanofluids(Zn O-water,SiO_(2)-water,TiO_(2)-water).Numerical simulations using CFD code are employed to investigate the boundary layer and the hydrodynamic flow.To validate the current numerical model,measurement points from published works were used,and the compared results were in good compliance.Simulations were carried out for the velocity series of 0.04,0.4 and 4 m/s and nanoparticle concentrations0.1% and 5%.The influence of nanoparticles’ concentration on velocity,temperature profiles,wall shear stress,and turbulent intensity was investigated.The obtained results showed that the viscous sub-layer,the buffer layer,and the loglaw layer along the potential-flow layer could be analyzed based on their curving quality in the regions which have just a single wall distance.It was seen that the viscous sub-layer is the biggest area in comparison with other areas.Alternatively,the section where the temperature changes considerably correspond to the thermal boundary layer’s thickness goes a downward trend when the velocity decreases.The thermal boundary layer gets deep away from the leading edge.However,a rise in the volume fraction of nanoparticles indicated a minor impact on the shear stress developed in the wall.In all cases,the thickness of the boundary layer undergoes a downward trend as the velocity increases,whereas increasing the nanoparticle concentrations would enhance the thickness.More precisely,the log layer is closed with log law,and it is minimal between Y^(+)=50 and Y^(+)=95.The temperature for nanoparticle concentration φ=5%is higher than that for φ=0.1%,in boundary layers,for all studied nanofluids.However,it is established that the behavior is inverted from the value of Y^(+)=1 and the temperature for φ =0.1% is more important than the case of φ =5%.For turbulence intensity peak,this peak exists at Y^(+)=100 for v=4 m/s,Y^(+)=10 for v=0.4 m/s and Y^(+)=8 for v=0.04 m/s.
文摘2024年5月14-18日福建省连续5 d出现区域性O_(3)污染过程,闽南地区代表城市泉州在14-16日维持3 d O_(3)污染,历史出现概率0.64%。14-15日在晴热天气与偏北气流控制下,本地生成和区域输送是导致O_(3)污染的主要原因,但15日夜间-16日凌晨泉州近地面O_(3)浓度异常升高导致16日08:00即出现O_(3)-MDA8超二级标准限值。利用环境国控点污染物监测、气象地面观测、风廓线雷达探测等多源地基遥感数据及ERA-5再分析资料,采用统计分析、天气学诊断等方法,探究该过程泉州近地面受垂直传输影响出现O_(3)污染的天气学成因。结果表明,此次O_(3)夜间污染主要分为两个影响阶段:第一阶段15日22:00-16日03:00,风矢量垂直廓线显示近地面风速陡升至18.3m·s^(-1),风切变使垂直方向产生湍流,大气残留层的高浓度污染气团随冷空气大风侵入地面,导致地面O_(3)迅速升高,各评价点的O_(3)浓度峰值为193-202μg·m^(-3)且PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO、SO_(2)等其他污染物浓度也均有上升;第二阶段16日03:00-05:00,边界层高度稳定维持在1.2 km以上,混合层升高导致自由对流层中高浓度O_(3)气团垂直下沉向地面扩散,该气团较老气团更加干冷且富含O_(3),但其他污染物浓度则较低,入侵影响地面后气温(t)、相对湿度(RH)、CO、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)等要素同步下降。
文摘特高压(ultra high voltage,UHV)换流站阀厅的金属屋面系统在风荷载作用下易发生屋面表层风揭事故。为深入探讨该类建筑屋面的风压极值特性,基于风洞试验分别探讨了大气边界层(atmospheric-boundary-layer,ABL)风、壁面射流、均匀湍流三种风场作用下的屋面风压特性,比较了平均风剖面、风速、风向、湍流强度等因素对屋面风压的影响。结果表明:阀厅屋盖迎风前缘负风压最大,且控制风向角在45°左右;壁面射流风场下平均风压系数与脉动风压系数均超过大气边界层风场的结果;风速对阀厅屋盖的负风压系数均值和极值影响较小,而湍流度对风压系数的极值影响较大;大气边界风场时,JGJ/T 481—2019《屋盖结构风荷载标准》的最不利风压系数建议值偏于安全;而在壁面射流风场下,阀厅屋盖全风向最不利风压系数在所有区域都大于JGJ/T 481—2019的建议值,设计中应加以重视。
