Two reagents including salicylhydroxamic acid(SHA) and tributyl phosphate(TBP) were tested as collectors either separately or together for electro-flotation of fine cassiterite(<10 μm).Subsequently,the flotation m...Two reagents including salicylhydroxamic acid(SHA) and tributyl phosphate(TBP) were tested as collectors either separately or together for electro-flotation of fine cassiterite(<10 μm).Subsequently,the flotation mechanism of the fine cassiterite was investigated by adsorbance determination,electrophoretic mobility measurements and Fourier transform infra-red(FT-IR) spectrum checking.Results of the flotation experiments show that with SHA as a collector,the collecting performance is remarkably impacted by the pulp pH value as the floatability of cassiterite varies sharply when the pH changes,and flotation with SHA gives distinct maximum at about pH 6.5.Additionally,the floatability of cassiterite is determined by using SHA and TBP as collectors.The range of pulp pH for good floatability is broadened in the presence of TBP as auxiliary collector,and the utilization of TBP improves the recovery of cassiterite modestly.Moreover,the optimum pH value for cassiterite flotation is associated with adsorbance.The results of FT-IR spectrum and the electrophoretic mobility measurements indicate that the adsorption interaction between the collectors and the cassiterite is dominantly a kind of chemical bonding in the form of one or two cycle chelate rings due to the coordination of carbonyl group,hydroxamate and P=O group to the metal tin atoms,where the oxygen atoms contained in carbonyl group,hydroxamate and P=O group of the polar groups have the stereo conditions to form five-membered rings.In addition,the adsorption interactions of SHA and TBP on the surfaces of cassiterite are also dominated by means of hydrogen bonds.展开更多
Tributyl phosphate(TBP) was employed for the Bi(Ⅲ) extraction from hydrochloric acid medium.The effects of extraction time and material concentration were examined.The replacement mechanism between the anion(Cl^-) an...Tributyl phosphate(TBP) was employed for the Bi(Ⅲ) extraction from hydrochloric acid medium.The effects of extraction time and material concentration were examined.The replacement mechanism between the anion(Cl^-) and TBP was proposed for extraction.The results show the species extracted into the organic phase were found to be mainly BiCl_3·x TBP(x=2 or 3).Thermodynamic parameters of the extraction reaction were obtained from the thermodynamics analysis,which illustrates that higher temperatures show a negative effect on the extraction.Extraction isotherm was obtained with 2.16 mol/L TBP for a typical solution containing 0.1 mol/L of bismuth and 1.0 mol/L of hydrochloric acid.About 98.5 % of bismuth has been extracted from the leaching solution under the optimum condition.Moreover,oxalate was explored as a precipitation stripping agent for BiCl_3·x TBP(x=2 or 3) complexes,by which Bi(Ⅲ) was stripped in the form of Bi_2(C_2O_4)_3·7H_2O.A stripping efficiency of 99.3% was obtained in only one stage at the phase ratio of 1 and TBP also could be recycled.Therefore,the method is an efficient,effective and highly selective approach to extract Bi(Ⅲ) and to recover metal bismuth.展开更多
Solvent extraction experiments were conducted from acidic solutions containing germanium（IV） and other metal ions, such as Ga3＋, Fe3＋, Zn2＋ and Fe2＋ in hydrometallurgical process of zinc. The purpose of this wor...Solvent extraction experiments were conducted from acidic solutions containing germanium（IV） and other metal ions, such as Ga3＋, Fe3＋, Zn2＋ and Fe2＋ in hydrometallurgical process of zinc. The purpose of this work was to enhance the efficiency of the extraction and stripping processes and the selectivity of germanium and other metals, while making the method as simple as possible. Germanium was recovered from sulfuric acid, using di-（2-ethylhexyl） phosphoric acid （P2O4） as an extractant, tributyl phosphate （TBP） as modifier diluted in sulfonate kerosene and stripped by NaOH aqueous solution. Extraction studies were carried out under different acid concentrations and solvent concentrations, and optimized conditions were determined. The numbers of stages required for extraction and stripping of metal ions were determined from the McCabe-Thiele plot. The results show that the extracting and stripping efficiencies are 94.3% and 100%, respectively, through two-stage extraction and two-stage strip. Moreover, the synergistic effect of TBP on the system P2O4/kerosense/Ge4＋ is revealed with respect to the extraction of germanium.展开更多
基金Project(50774094) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010CB630905) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘Two reagents including salicylhydroxamic acid(SHA) and tributyl phosphate(TBP) were tested as collectors either separately or together for electro-flotation of fine cassiterite(<10 μm).Subsequently,the flotation mechanism of the fine cassiterite was investigated by adsorbance determination,electrophoretic mobility measurements and Fourier transform infra-red(FT-IR) spectrum checking.Results of the flotation experiments show that with SHA as a collector,the collecting performance is remarkably impacted by the pulp pH value as the floatability of cassiterite varies sharply when the pH changes,and flotation with SHA gives distinct maximum at about pH 6.5.Additionally,the floatability of cassiterite is determined by using SHA and TBP as collectors.The range of pulp pH for good floatability is broadened in the presence of TBP as auxiliary collector,and the utilization of TBP improves the recovery of cassiterite modestly.Moreover,the optimum pH value for cassiterite flotation is associated with adsorbance.The results of FT-IR spectrum and the electrophoretic mobility measurements indicate that the adsorption interaction between the collectors and the cassiterite is dominantly a kind of chemical bonding in the form of one or two cycle chelate rings due to the coordination of carbonyl group,hydroxamate and P=O group to the metal tin atoms,where the oxygen atoms contained in carbonyl group,hydroxamate and P=O group of the polar groups have the stereo conditions to form five-membered rings.In addition,the adsorption interactions of SHA and TBP on the surfaces of cassiterite are also dominated by means of hydrogen bonds.
基金Project(2011AA061002)supported by the High-Tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2010SK2010)supported by the Key Program of Science and Technology of Hunan Province,ChinaProject supported by the Hunan Nonferrous Metals Fund,China
文摘Tributyl phosphate(TBP) was employed for the Bi(Ⅲ) extraction from hydrochloric acid medium.The effects of extraction time and material concentration were examined.The replacement mechanism between the anion(Cl^-) and TBP was proposed for extraction.The results show the species extracted into the organic phase were found to be mainly BiCl_3·x TBP(x=2 or 3).Thermodynamic parameters of the extraction reaction were obtained from the thermodynamics analysis,which illustrates that higher temperatures show a negative effect on the extraction.Extraction isotherm was obtained with 2.16 mol/L TBP for a typical solution containing 0.1 mol/L of bismuth and 1.0 mol/L of hydrochloric acid.About 98.5 % of bismuth has been extracted from the leaching solution under the optimum condition.Moreover,oxalate was explored as a precipitation stripping agent for BiCl_3·x TBP(x=2 or 3) complexes,by which Bi(Ⅲ) was stripped in the form of Bi_2(C_2O_4)_3·7H_2O.A stripping efficiency of 99.3% was obtained in only one stage at the phase ratio of 1 and TBP also could be recycled.Therefore,the method is an efficient,effective and highly selective approach to extract Bi(Ⅲ) and to recover metal bismuth.
基金Project(50774094)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Solvent extraction experiments were conducted from acidic solutions containing germanium（IV） and other metal ions, such as Ga3＋, Fe3＋, Zn2＋ and Fe2＋ in hydrometallurgical process of zinc. The purpose of this work was to enhance the efficiency of the extraction and stripping processes and the selectivity of germanium and other metals, while making the method as simple as possible. Germanium was recovered from sulfuric acid, using di-（2-ethylhexyl） phosphoric acid （P2O4） as an extractant, tributyl phosphate （TBP） as modifier diluted in sulfonate kerosene and stripped by NaOH aqueous solution. Extraction studies were carried out under different acid concentrations and solvent concentrations, and optimized conditions were determined. The numbers of stages required for extraction and stripping of metal ions were determined from the McCabe-Thiele plot. The results show that the extracting and stripping efficiencies are 94.3% and 100%, respectively, through two-stage extraction and two-stage strip. Moreover, the synergistic effect of TBP on the system P2O4/kerosense/Ge4＋ is revealed with respect to the extraction of germanium.
