Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)plays an important role in medical diagnosis,generating petabytes of image data annually in large hospitals.This voluminous data stream requires a significant amount of network bandwidth...Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)plays an important role in medical diagnosis,generating petabytes of image data annually in large hospitals.This voluminous data stream requires a significant amount of network bandwidth and extensive storage infrastructure.Additionally,local data processing demands substantial manpower and hardware investments.Data isolation across different healthcare institutions hinders crossinstitutional collaboration in clinics and research.In this work,we anticipate an innovative MRI system and its four generations that integrate emerging distributed cloud computing,6G bandwidth,edge computing,federated learning,and blockchain technology.This system is called Cloud-MRI,aiming at solving the problems of MRI data storage security,transmission speed,artificial intelligence(AI)algorithm maintenance,hardware upgrading,and collaborative work.The workflow commences with the transformation of k-space raw data into the standardized Imaging Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Raw Data(ISMRMRD)format.Then,the data are uploaded to the cloud or edge nodes for fast image reconstruction,neural network training,and automatic analysis.Then,the outcomes are seamlessly transmitted to clinics or research institutes for diagnosis and other services.The Cloud-MRI system will save the raw imaging data,reduce the risk of data loss,facilitate inter-institutional medical collaboration,and finally improve diagnostic accuracy and work efficiency.展开更多
The utilization of electromagnetic waves is rapidly advancing into the millimeter-wave frequency range,posing increasingly severe challenges in terms of electromagnetic pollution prevention and radar stealth.However,e...The utilization of electromagnetic waves is rapidly advancing into the millimeter-wave frequency range,posing increasingly severe challenges in terms of electromagnetic pollution prevention and radar stealth.However,existing millimeter-wave absorbers are still inadequate in addressing these issues due to their monotonous magnetic resonance pattern.In this work,rare-earth La^(3+)and non-magnetic Zr^(4+)ions are simultaneously incorporated into M-type barium ferrite(BaM)to intentionally manipulate the multi-magnetic resonance behavior.By leveraging the contrary impact of La^(3+)and Zr^(4+)ions on magnetocrystalline anisotropy field,the restrictive relationship between intensity and frequency of the multi-magnetic resonance is successfully eliminated.The magnetic resonance peak-differentiating and imitating results confirm that significant multi-magnetic resonance phenomenon emerges around 35 GHz due to the reinforced exchange coupling effect between Fe^(3+)and Fe^(2+)ions.Additionally,Mosbauer spectra analysis,first-principle calculations,and least square fitting collectively identify that additional La^(3+)doping leads to a profound rearrangement of Zr^(4+)occupation and thus makes the portion of polarization/conduction loss increase gradually.As a consequence,the La^(3+)-Zr^(4+)co-doped BaM achieves an ultra-broad bandwidth of 12.5+GHz covering from 27.5 to 40+GHz,which holds remarkable potential for millimeter-wave absorbers around the atmospheric window of 35 GHz.展开更多
The flexible materials exhibit more favorable properties than most rigid substrates in flexibility,weight saving,mechanical reliability,and excellent environmental toughness.Particularly,flexible graphene film with un...The flexible materials exhibit more favorable properties than most rigid substrates in flexibility,weight saving,mechanical reliability,and excellent environmental toughness.Particularly,flexible graphene film with unique mechanical properties was extensively explored in high frequency devices.Herein,we report the characteristics of structure and magnetic properties at high frequency of Co2FeAl thin film with different thicknesses grown on flexible graphene substrate at room temperature.The exciting finding for the columnar structure of Co2FeAl thin film lays the foundation for excellent high frequency property of Co2FeAl/flexible graphene structure.In-plane magnetic anisotropy field varying with increasing thickness of Co2FeAl thin film can be obtained by measurement of ferromagnetic resonance,which can be ascribed to the enhancement of crystallinity and the increase of grain size.Meanwhile,the resonance frequency which can be achieved by the measurement of vector network analyzer with the microstrip method increases with increasing thickness of Co2FeAl thin film.Moreover,in our case with graphene film,the resonance magnetic field is quite stable though folded for twenty cycles,which demonstrates that good flexibility of graphene film and the stability of high frequency magnetic property of Co2FeAl thin film grown on flexible graphene substrate.These results are promising for the design of microwave devices and wireless communication equipment.展开更多
The exploration of spin symmetry (SS) in nuclear physics has been instrumental in identifying atomic nucleus structures.In this study,we solve the Dirac equation from the relativistic mean field (RMF) in complex momen...The exploration of spin symmetry (SS) in nuclear physics has been instrumental in identifying atomic nucleus structures.In this study,we solve the Dirac equation from the relativistic mean field (RMF) in complex momentum representation.We investigated SS and its breaking in single-particle resonant states within deformed nuclei,with a focus on the illustrative nucleus168Er.This was the initial discovery of a resonant spin doublet in a deformed nucleus,with the expectation of the SS approaching the continuum threshold.With increasing single-particle energy,the splitting of the resonant spin doublets widened significantly.This escalating splitting implies diminishing adherence to the SS,indicating a departure from the expected behavior as the energy levels increase.We also analyzed the width of the resonant states,showing that lower orbital angular momentum resonances possess shorter decay times and that SS is preserved within broad resonant doublets,as opposed to narrow resonant doublets.Comparing the radial density of the upper components for the bound-state and resonant-state doublets,it becomes evident that while SS is well-preserved in the bound states,it deteriorates in the resonant states.The impact of nuclear deformation (β_(2)) on SS was examined,demonstrating that an increase in β_(2) resulted in higher energy and width splitting in the resonant spin doublets,which is attributed to increased component mixing.Furthermore,the sensitivity of spin doublets to various potential parameters such as surface diffuseness (a),radius (R),and depth (Σ0) is discussed,emphasizing the role of these parameters in SS.This study provides valuable insights into the behavior of spin doublets in deformed nuclei and their interplay with the nuclear structure,thereby advancing our understanding of SS in the resonance state.展开更多
Stochastic resonance(SR) is investigated in an underdamped tri-stable potential system driven by Gaussian colored noise and a periodic excitation, where both displacement and velocity time-delayed states feedback are ...Stochastic resonance(SR) is investigated in an underdamped tri-stable potential system driven by Gaussian colored noise and a periodic excitation, where both displacement and velocity time-delayed states feedback are considered. It is challenging to study SR in a second-order delayed multi-stable system analytically. In this paper, the improved energy envelope stochastic average method is developed to derive the analytical expressions of stationary probability density(SPD)and spectral amplification. The effects of noise intensity, damping coefficient, and time delay on SR are analyzed. The results show that the shapes of joint SPD can be adjusted to the desired structure by choosing the time delay and feedback gains. For fixed time delay, the SR peak is increased for negative displacement or velocity feedback gain. Meanwhile, the SR peak is decreased while the optimal noise intensity increases with increasing correlation time of noise. The Monte Carlo simulations(MCS) confirm the effectiveness of the theoretical results.展开更多
Antiferromagnet(AFM)/ferromagnet(FM)heterostructure is a popular system for studying the spin–orbit torque(SOT)of AFMs.However,the interfacial exchange bias field induces that the magnetization in FM layer is noncoll...Antiferromagnet(AFM)/ferromagnet(FM)heterostructure is a popular system for studying the spin–orbit torque(SOT)of AFMs.However,the interfacial exchange bias field induces that the magnetization in FM layer is noncollinear to the external magnetic field,namely the magnetic moment drag effect,which further influences the characteristic of SOT efficiency.In this work,we study the SOT efficiencies of IrMn/NiFe bilayers with strong interfacial exchange bias by using spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance(ST-FMR)method.A full analysis on the AFM/FM systems with exchange bias is performed,and the angular dependence of magnetization on external magnetic field is determined through the minimum rule of free energy.The ST-FMR results can be well fitted by this model.We obtained the relative accurate SOT efficiencyξ_(DL)=0.058 for the IrMn film.This work provides a useful method to analyze the angular dependence of ST-FMR results and facilitates the accurate measurement of SOT efficiency for the AFM/FM heterostructures with strong exchange bias.展开更多
The results presented here show for the first time the experimental demonstration of the fabrication of lossy mode resonance(LMR) devices based on perovskite coatings deposited on planar waveguides. Perovskite thin fi...The results presented here show for the first time the experimental demonstration of the fabrication of lossy mode resonance(LMR) devices based on perovskite coatings deposited on planar waveguides. Perovskite thin films have been obtained by means of the spin coating technique and their presence was confirmed by ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction testing. The LMRs can be generated in a wide wavelength range and the experimental results agree with the theoretical simulations. Overall, this study highlights the potential of perovskite thin films for the development of novel LMR-based devices that can be used for environmental monitoring, industrial sensing, and gas detection, among other applications.展开更多
This paper investigates logical stochastic resonance(LSR)in a cross-bifurcation non-smooth system driven by Gaussian colored noise.In this system,a bifurcation parameter triggers a transition between monostability,bis...This paper investigates logical stochastic resonance(LSR)in a cross-bifurcation non-smooth system driven by Gaussian colored noise.In this system,a bifurcation parameter triggers a transition between monostability,bistability and tristability.By using Novikov's theorem and the unified colored noise approximation method,the approximate Fokker-Planck equation is obtained.Then we derive the generalized potential function and the transition rates to analyze the LSR phenomenon using numerical simulations.We simulate the logic operation of the system in the bistable and tristable regions respectively.We assess the impact of Gaussian colored noise on the LSR and discover that the reliability of the logic response depends on the noise strength and the bifurcation parameter.Furthermore,it is found that the bistable region has a more extensive parameter range to produce reliable logic operation compared with the tristable region,since the tristable region is more sensitive to noise than the bistable one.展开更多
Anomalous ion heat transport is analyzed in the T-10 tokamak plasma heated with electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH) in second-harmonic extra-ordinary mode. Predictive modeling with empirical scaling for Ohmical...Anomalous ion heat transport is analyzed in the T-10 tokamak plasma heated with electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH) in second-harmonic extra-ordinary mode. Predictive modeling with empirical scaling for Ohmical heat conductivity shows that in ECRH plasmas the calculated ion temperature could be overestimated, so an increase of anomalous ion heat transport is required. To study this effect two scans are presented: over the EC resonance position and over the ECRH power. The EC resonance position varies from the high-field side to the low-field side by variation of the toroidal magnetic field. The scan over the heating power is presented with on-axis and mixed ECRH regimes. Discharges with high anomalous ion heat transport are obtained in all considered regimes. In these discharges the power balance ion heat conductivity exceeds the neoclassical level by up to 10 times. The high ion heat transport regimes are distinguished by three parameters: the ratio Te/Ti, the normalized electron density gradient R/■, and the ion–ion collisionality νii~*. The combination of high Te/Ti, high νii~*, and R/■=6-10 results in values of normalized anomalous ion heat fluxes up to 10 times higher than in the low transport scenario.展开更多
Stabilization of tearing modes and neoclassical tearing modes is of great importance for tokamak operation.Electron cyclotron waves(ECWs)have been extensively used to stabilize the tearing modes with the virtue of hig...Stabilization of tearing modes and neoclassical tearing modes is of great importance for tokamak operation.Electron cyclotron waves(ECWs)have been extensively used to stabilize the tearing modes with the virtue of highly localized power deposition.Complete suppression of the m/n=2/1 tearing mode(TM)by electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH)has been achieved successfully on the J-TEXT tokamak.The effects of ECW deposition location and power amplitude on the 2/1 TM suppression have been investigated.It is found that the suppression is more effective when the ECW power is deposited closer to the rational surface.As the ECW power increases to approximately 230 k W,the 2/1 TM can be completely suppressed.The island rotation frequency is increased when the island width is reduced.The experimental results show that the local heating inside the magnetic island and the resulting temperature perturbation increase at the O-point of the island play dominant roles in TM suppression.As the ECW power increases,the 2/1 island is suppressed to smaller island width,and the flow shear also plays a stabilizing effect on small magnetic islands.With the stabilizing contribution of heating and flow shear,the 2/1 TM can be completely suppressed.展开更多
Metal-based surface plasmon resonance(SPR)plays an important role in enhancing the photonic spin Hall effect(SHE)and developing sensitive optical sensors.However,the very large negative permittivities of metals limit ...Metal-based surface plasmon resonance(SPR)plays an important role in enhancing the photonic spin Hall effect(SHE)and developing sensitive optical sensors.However,the very large negative permittivities of metals limit their applications beyond the near-infrared regime.In this work,we theoretically present a new mechanism to enhance the photonic SHE by taking advantage of SiC-supported surface phonon resonance(SPhR)in the mid-infrared regime.The transverse displacement of photonic SHE is very sensitive to the wavelength of incident light and the thickness of SiC layer.Under the optimal parameter setup,the calculated largest transverse displacement of SiC-based SPhR structure reaches up to 163.8 ym,which is much larger than the condition of SPR.Moreover,an NO_(2) gas sensor based on the SPhR-enhanced photonic SHE is theoretically proposed with the superior sensing performance.Both the intensity and angle sensitivity of this sensor can be effectively manipulated by varying the damping rate of SiC.The results may provide a promising paradigm to enhance the photonic SHE in the mid-infrared region and open up new opportunity of highly sensitive refractive index sensors.展开更多
A simulated oil viscosity prediction model is established according to the relationship between simulated oil viscosity and geometric mean value of T2spectrum,and the time-varying law of simulated oil viscosity in por...A simulated oil viscosity prediction model is established according to the relationship between simulated oil viscosity and geometric mean value of T2spectrum,and the time-varying law of simulated oil viscosity in porous media is quantitatively characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)experiments of high multiple waterflooding.A new NMR wettability index formula is derived based on NMR relaxation theory to quantitatively characterize the time-varying law of rock wettability during waterflooding combined with high-multiple waterflooding experiment in sandstone cores.The remaining oil viscosity in the core is positively correlated with the displacing water multiple.The remaining oil viscosity increases rapidly when the displacing water multiple is low,and increases slowly when the displacing water multiple is high.The variation of remaining oil viscosity is related to the reservoir heterogeneity.The stronger the reservoir homogeneity,the higher the content of heavy components in the remaining oil and the higher the viscosity.The reservoir wettability changes after water injection:the oil-wet reservoir changes into water-wet reservoir,while the water-wet reservoir becomes more hydrophilic;the degree of change enhances with the increase of displacing water multiple.There is a high correlation between the time-varying oil viscosity and the time-varying wettability,and the change of oil viscosity cannot be ignored.The NMR wettability index calculated by considering the change of oil viscosity is more consistent with the tested Amott(spontaneous imbibition)wettability index,which agrees more with the time-varying law of reservoir wettability.展开更多
Operando monitoring of internal and local electrochemical processes within lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is crucial,necessitating a range of non-invasive,real-time imaging characterization techniques including nuclear ma...Operando monitoring of internal and local electrochemical processes within lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is crucial,necessitating a range of non-invasive,real-time imaging characterization techniques including nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)techniques.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent applications and advancements of non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)techniques in LIBs.It initially introduces the principles and hardware of MRI,followed by a detailed summary and comparison of MRI techniques used for characterizing liquid/solid electrolytes,electrodes and commercial batteries.This encompasses the determination of electrolytes'transport properties,acquisition of ion distribution profile,and diagnosis of battery defects.By focusing on experimental parameters and optimization strategies,our goal is to explore MRI methods suitable to a variety of research subjects,aiming to enhance imaging quality across diverse scenarios and offer critical physical/chemical insights into the ongoing operation processes of LIBs.展开更多
The dependences of spin wave resonance(SWR)frequency on the surface anisotropy field,interface exchange coupling,symmetry,biquadratic exchange(BQE)interaction,film thickness,and the external magnetic field in bilayer ...The dependences of spin wave resonance(SWR)frequency on the surface anisotropy field,interface exchange coupling,symmetry,biquadratic exchange(BQE)interaction,film thickness,and the external magnetic field in bilayer ferromagnetic films are theoretically analyzed by employing the linear spin wave approximation and Green’s function method.A remarkable increase of SWR frequency,except for energetically lower two modes,can be obtained in our model that takes the BQE interaction into account.Again,the effect of the external magnetic field on SWR frequency can be increased by increasing the biquadratic to interlayer exchange ratio.It has been identified that the BQE interaction is of utmost importance in improving the SWR frequency of the bilayer ferromagnetic films.In addition,for bilayer ferromagnetic films,the frequency gap between the energetically highest mode and lowest mode is found to increase by increasing the biquadratic to interlayer exchange ratio and film thickness and destroying the symmetry of the system.These results can be used to improve the understanding of magnetic properties in bilayer ferromagnetic films and thus may have prominent implications for future magnetic devices.展开更多
We have introduced a new approach to calculate the orbital angular momentum(OAM)of bound states in continuum(BICs)and below-continuum-resonance(BCR)modes in the rotational periodic system nested inside and outside by ...We have introduced a new approach to calculate the orbital angular momentum(OAM)of bound states in continuum(BICs)and below-continuum-resonance(BCR)modes in the rotational periodic system nested inside and outside by transforming the Bloch wave number from the translational periodic system.We extensively classify and study these BICs and BCR modes,which exhibit high-quality(high-Q)factors,in different regions relative to the interface of the system.These BICs and BCR modes with a high-Q factor have been studied in detail based on distinctive structural parameters and scattering theory.The outcomes of this research break the periodic limitation of interface state-based BICs,and realize more and higher symmetry interface state-based BICs and BCR modes.Moreover,we can control the region where light is captured by adjusting the frequency,and show that the Q factor of BICs is more closely related to the ordinal number of rings and the rotational symmetry number of the system.展开更多
Aiming at the problem that the intermediate potential part of the traditional bistable stochastic resonance model cannot be adjusted independently, a new composite stochastic resonance(NCSR) model is proposed by combi...Aiming at the problem that the intermediate potential part of the traditional bistable stochastic resonance model cannot be adjusted independently, a new composite stochastic resonance(NCSR) model is proposed by combining the Woods–Saxon(WS) model and the improved piecewise bistable model. The model retains the characteristics of the independent parameters of WS model and the improved piecewise model has no output saturation, all the parameters in the new model have no coupling characteristics. Under α stable noise environment, the new model is used to detect periodic signal and aperiodic signal, the detection results indicate that the new model has higher noise utilization and better detection effect.Finally, the new model is applied to image denoising, the results showed that under the same conditions, the output peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR) and the correlation number of NCSR method is higher than that of other commonly used linear denoising methods and improved piecewise SR methods, the effectiveness of the new model is verified.展开更多
The drive for efficient thermal management has intensified with the miniaturization of electronic devices.This study explores the modulation of phonon transport within graphene by introducing silicon nanoparticles inf...The drive for efficient thermal management has intensified with the miniaturization of electronic devices.This study explores the modulation of phonon transport within graphene by introducing silicon nanoparticles influenced by van der Waals forces.Our approach involves the application of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics to assess thermal conductivity while varying the interaction strength,leading to a noteworthy reduction in thermal conductivity.Furthermore,we observe a distinct attenuation in length-dependent behavior within the graphene-nanoparticles system.Our exploration combines wave packet simulations with phonon transmission calculations,aligning with a comprehensive analysis of the phonon transport regime to unveil the underlying physical mechanisms at play.Lastly,we conduct transient molecular dynamics simulations to investigate interfacial thermal conductance between the nanoparticles and the graphene,revealing an enhanced thermal boundary conductance.This research not only contributes to our understanding of phonon transport but also opens a new degree of freedom for utilizing van der Waals nanoparticle-induced resonance,offering promising avenues for the modulation of thermal properties in advanced materials and enhancing their performance in various technological applications.展开更多
We perform ^(23)Na nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and magnetization measurements on an S=1,quasi-2D honeycomb lattice antiferromagnet Na_(3)Ni_(2)BiO_(6).A large positive Curie-Weiss constant of 22.9 K is observed.Th...We perform ^(23)Na nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and magnetization measurements on an S=1,quasi-2D honeycomb lattice antiferromagnet Na_(3)Ni_(2)BiO_(6).A large positive Curie-Weiss constant of 22.9 K is observed.The NMR spectra at low fields are consistent with a zigzag magnetic order,indicating a large easy-axis anisotropy.With the field applied along the c*axis,the NMR spectra confirm the existence of a 1/3-magnetization plateau phase between 5.1 T and 7.1 T.The transition from the zigzag order to the 1/3-magnetization plateau phase is also found to be a first-order type.A monotonic decrease of the spin gap is revealed in the 1/3-magnetization plateau phase,which reaches zero at a quantum critical field H_(C)≈8.35 T before entering the fully polarized phase.These data suggest the existence of exchange frustration in the system along with strong ferromagnetic interactions,hosting the possibility for Kitaev physics.Besides,well below the ordered phase,the 1/T_(1) at high fields shows either a level off or an enhancement upon cooling below 3 K,which suggests the existence of low-energy fluctuations.展开更多
The back-streaming white-neutron beamline(Back-n)of the China Spallation Neutron Source is an essential neutronresearch platform built for the study of nuclear data,neutron physics,and neutron applications.Many types ...The back-streaming white-neutron beamline(Back-n)of the China Spallation Neutron Source is an essential neutronresearch platform built for the study of nuclear data,neutron physics,and neutron applications.Many types of cross-sectional neutron-reaction measurements have been performed at Back-n since early 2018.These measurements have shown that a significant number of gamma rays can be transmitted to the experimental stations of Back-n along with the neutron beam.These gamma rays,commonly referred to as in-beam gamma rays,can induce a non-negligible experimental background in neutron-reaction measurements.Studying the characteristics of in-beam gamma rays is important for understanding the experimental background.However,measuring in-beam gamma rays is challenging because most gamma-ray detectors are sensitive to neutrons;thus,discriminating between neutron-induced signals and those from in-beam gamma rays is difficult.In this study,we propose the use of the black resonance filter method and a CeBr_(3) scintillation detector to measure the characteristics of the in-beam gamma rays of Back-n.Four types of black resonance filters,^(181)Ta,^(59)Co,^(nat)Ag,and^(nat)Cd,were used in this measurement.The time-of-flight(TOF)technique was used to select the detector signals remaining in the absorption region of the TOF spectra,which were mainly induced by in-beam gamma rays.The energy distribution and flux of the in-beam gamma rays of Back-n were determined by analyzing the deposited energy spectra of the CeBr_(3) scintillation detector and using Monte Carlo simulations.Based on the results of this study,the background contributions from in-beam gamma rays in neutron-reaction measurements at Back-n can be reasonably evaluated,which is beneficial for enhancing both the experimental methodology and data analysis.展开更多
The present study aimed to explore the potential of artificial intelligence(AI)methodology based on magnetic resonance(MR)images to aid in the management of prostate cancer(PCa).To this end,we reviewed and summarized ...The present study aimed to explore the potential of artificial intelligence(AI)methodology based on magnetic resonance(MR)images to aid in the management of prostate cancer(PCa).To this end,we reviewed and summarized the studies comparing the diagnostic and predictive performance for PCa between AI and common clinical assessment methods based on MR images and/or clinical characteristics,thereby investigating whether AI methods are generally superior to common clinical assessment methods for the diagnosis and prediction fields of PCa.First,we found that,in the included studies of the present study,AI methods were generally equal to or better than the clinical assessment methods for the risk assessment of PCa,such as risk stratification of prostate lesions and the prediction of therapeutic outcomes or PCa progression.In particular,for the diagnosis of clinically significant PCa,the AI methods achieved a higher summary receiver operator characteristic curve(SROC-AUC)than that of the clinical assessment methods(0.87 vs.0.82).For the prediction of adverse pathology,the AI methods also achieved a higher SROC-AUC than that of the clinical assessment methods(0.86 vs.0.75).Second,as revealed by the radiomics quality score(RQS),the studies included in the present study presented a relatively high total average RQS of 15.2(11.0–20.0).Further,the scores of the individual RQS elements implied that the AI models in these studies were constructed with relatively perfect and standard radiomics processes,but the exact generalizability and clinical practicality of the AI models should be further validated using higher levels of evidence,such as prospective studies and open-testing datasets.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62122064,62331021,62371410)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2023J02005 and 2021J011184)+1 种基金the President Fund of Xiamen University(20720220063)the Nanqiang Outstanding Talents Program of Xiamen University.
文摘Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)plays an important role in medical diagnosis,generating petabytes of image data annually in large hospitals.This voluminous data stream requires a significant amount of network bandwidth and extensive storage infrastructure.Additionally,local data processing demands substantial manpower and hardware investments.Data isolation across different healthcare institutions hinders crossinstitutional collaboration in clinics and research.In this work,we anticipate an innovative MRI system and its four generations that integrate emerging distributed cloud computing,6G bandwidth,edge computing,federated learning,and blockchain technology.This system is called Cloud-MRI,aiming at solving the problems of MRI data storage security,transmission speed,artificial intelligence(AI)algorithm maintenance,hardware upgrading,and collaborative work.The workflow commences with the transformation of k-space raw data into the standardized Imaging Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Raw Data(ISMRMRD)format.Then,the data are uploaded to the cloud or edge nodes for fast image reconstruction,neural network training,and automatic analysis.Then,the outcomes are seamlessly transmitted to clinics or research institutes for diagnosis and other services.The Cloud-MRI system will save the raw imaging data,reduce the risk of data loss,facilitate inter-institutional medical collaboration,and finally improve diagnostic accuracy and work efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.:52271180,51802155,12304020)National Key R&D Program of China(No.:2021YFB3502500)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230909)Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Center for Microscopy and Analysis at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
文摘The utilization of electromagnetic waves is rapidly advancing into the millimeter-wave frequency range,posing increasingly severe challenges in terms of electromagnetic pollution prevention and radar stealth.However,existing millimeter-wave absorbers are still inadequate in addressing these issues due to their monotonous magnetic resonance pattern.In this work,rare-earth La^(3+)and non-magnetic Zr^(4+)ions are simultaneously incorporated into M-type barium ferrite(BaM)to intentionally manipulate the multi-magnetic resonance behavior.By leveraging the contrary impact of La^(3+)and Zr^(4+)ions on magnetocrystalline anisotropy field,the restrictive relationship between intensity and frequency of the multi-magnetic resonance is successfully eliminated.The magnetic resonance peak-differentiating and imitating results confirm that significant multi-magnetic resonance phenomenon emerges around 35 GHz due to the reinforced exchange coupling effect between Fe^(3+)and Fe^(2+)ions.Additionally,Mosbauer spectra analysis,first-principle calculations,and least square fitting collectively identify that additional La^(3+)doping leads to a profound rearrangement of Zr^(4+)occupation and thus makes the portion of polarization/conduction loss increase gradually.As a consequence,the La^(3+)-Zr^(4+)co-doped BaM achieves an ultra-broad bandwidth of 12.5+GHz covering from 27.5 to 40+GHz,which holds remarkable potential for millimeter-wave absorbers around the atmospheric window of 35 GHz.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51901163 and 12104171)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2021XXJS025).
文摘The flexible materials exhibit more favorable properties than most rigid substrates in flexibility,weight saving,mechanical reliability,and excellent environmental toughness.Particularly,flexible graphene film with unique mechanical properties was extensively explored in high frequency devices.Herein,we report the characteristics of structure and magnetic properties at high frequency of Co2FeAl thin film with different thicknesses grown on flexible graphene substrate at room temperature.The exciting finding for the columnar structure of Co2FeAl thin film lays the foundation for excellent high frequency property of Co2FeAl/flexible graphene structure.In-plane magnetic anisotropy field varying with increasing thickness of Co2FeAl thin film can be obtained by measurement of ferromagnetic resonance,which can be ascribed to the enhancement of crystallinity and the increase of grain size.Meanwhile,the resonance frequency which can be achieved by the measurement of vector network analyzer with the microstrip method increases with increasing thickness of Co2FeAl thin film.Moreover,in our case with graphene film,the resonance magnetic field is quite stable though folded for twenty cycles,which demonstrates that good flexibility of graphene film and the stability of high frequency magnetic property of Co2FeAl thin film grown on flexible graphene substrate.These results are promising for the design of microwave devices and wireless communication equipment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11935001)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2008085MA26).
文摘The exploration of spin symmetry (SS) in nuclear physics has been instrumental in identifying atomic nucleus structures.In this study,we solve the Dirac equation from the relativistic mean field (RMF) in complex momentum representation.We investigated SS and its breaking in single-particle resonant states within deformed nuclei,with a focus on the illustrative nucleus168Er.This was the initial discovery of a resonant spin doublet in a deformed nucleus,with the expectation of the SS approaching the continuum threshold.With increasing single-particle energy,the splitting of the resonant spin doublets widened significantly.This escalating splitting implies diminishing adherence to the SS,indicating a departure from the expected behavior as the energy levels increase.We also analyzed the width of the resonant states,showing that lower orbital angular momentum resonances possess shorter decay times and that SS is preserved within broad resonant doublets,as opposed to narrow resonant doublets.Comparing the radial density of the upper components for the bound-state and resonant-state doublets,it becomes evident that while SS is well-preserved in the bound states,it deteriorates in the resonant states.The impact of nuclear deformation (β_(2)) on SS was examined,demonstrating that an increase in β_(2) resulted in higher energy and width splitting in the resonant spin doublets,which is attributed to increased component mixing.Furthermore,the sensitivity of spin doublets to various potential parameters such as surface diffuseness (a),radius (R),and depth (Σ0) is discussed,emphasizing the role of these parameters in SS.This study provides valuable insights into the behavior of spin doublets in deformed nuclei and their interplay with the nuclear structure,thereby advancing our understanding of SS in the resonance state.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12072025)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.1222015)。
文摘Stochastic resonance(SR) is investigated in an underdamped tri-stable potential system driven by Gaussian colored noise and a periodic excitation, where both displacement and velocity time-delayed states feedback are considered. It is challenging to study SR in a second-order delayed multi-stable system analytically. In this paper, the improved energy envelope stochastic average method is developed to derive the analytical expressions of stationary probability density(SPD)and spectral amplification. The effects of noise intensity, damping coefficient, and time delay on SR are analyzed. The results show that the shapes of joint SPD can be adjusted to the desired structure by choosing the time delay and feedback gains. For fixed time delay, the SR peak is increased for negative displacement or velocity feedback gain. Meanwhile, the SR peak is decreased while the optimal noise intensity increases with increasing correlation time of noise. The Monte Carlo simulations(MCS) confirm the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3601300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52201290,12074158,and 12174166)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.lzujbky-2022-kb01)。
文摘Antiferromagnet(AFM)/ferromagnet(FM)heterostructure is a popular system for studying the spin–orbit torque(SOT)of AFMs.However,the interfacial exchange bias field induces that the magnetization in FM layer is noncollinear to the external magnetic field,namely the magnetic moment drag effect,which further influences the characteristic of SOT efficiency.In this work,we study the SOT efficiencies of IrMn/NiFe bilayers with strong interfacial exchange bias by using spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance(ST-FMR)method.A full analysis on the AFM/FM systems with exchange bias is performed,and the angular dependence of magnetization on external magnetic field is determined through the minimum rule of free energy.The ST-FMR results can be well fitted by this model.We obtained the relative accurate SOT efficiencyξ_(DL)=0.058 for the IrMn film.This work provides a useful method to analyze the angular dependence of ST-FMR results and facilitates the accurate measurement of SOT efficiency for the AFM/FM heterostructures with strong exchange bias.
基金the partial support to Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2019-106231RB-I00 research projectUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos with research project “Células fotovoltaicas de tercera generación basadas en semiconductores orgánicos avanzados perovskitas híbridas en estructuras multiunión” (reference M2607)the pre-doctoral research grant of the Public University of Navarra。
文摘The results presented here show for the first time the experimental demonstration of the fabrication of lossy mode resonance(LMR) devices based on perovskite coatings deposited on planar waveguides. Perovskite thin films have been obtained by means of the spin coating technique and their presence was confirmed by ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction testing. The LMRs can be generated in a wide wavelength range and the experimental results agree with the theoretical simulations. Overall, this study highlights the potential of perovskite thin films for the development of novel LMR-based devices that can be used for environmental monitoring, industrial sensing, and gas detection, among other applications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12072262)the Shaanxi Computer Society&Xiangteng Company Foundation.
文摘This paper investigates logical stochastic resonance(LSR)in a cross-bifurcation non-smooth system driven by Gaussian colored noise.In this system,a bifurcation parameter triggers a transition between monostability,bistability and tristability.By using Novikov's theorem and the unified colored noise approximation method,the approximate Fokker-Planck equation is obtained.Then we derive the generalized potential function and the transition rates to analyze the LSR phenomenon using numerical simulations.We simulate the logic operation of the system in the bistable and tristable regions respectively.We assess the impact of Gaussian colored noise on the LSR and discover that the reliability of the logic response depends on the noise strength and the bifurcation parameter.Furthermore,it is found that the bistable region has a more extensive parameter range to produce reliable logic operation compared with the tristable region,since the tristable region is more sensitive to noise than the bistable one.
文摘Anomalous ion heat transport is analyzed in the T-10 tokamak plasma heated with electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH) in second-harmonic extra-ordinary mode. Predictive modeling with empirical scaling for Ohmical heat conductivity shows that in ECRH plasmas the calculated ion temperature could be overestimated, so an increase of anomalous ion heat transport is required. To study this effect two scans are presented: over the EC resonance position and over the ECRH power. The EC resonance position varies from the high-field side to the low-field side by variation of the toroidal magnetic field. The scan over the heating power is presented with on-axis and mixed ECRH regimes. Discharges with high anomalous ion heat transport are obtained in all considered regimes. In these discharges the power balance ion heat conductivity exceeds the neoclassical level by up to 10 times. The high ion heat transport regimes are distinguished by three parameters: the ratio Te/Ti, the normalized electron density gradient R/■, and the ion–ion collisionality νii~*. The combination of high Te/Ti, high νii~*, and R/■=6-10 results in values of normalized anomalous ion heat fluxes up to 10 times higher than in the low transport scenario.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy R&D Program of China(No.2019YFE03010004)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2022CFA072)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51821005)。
文摘Stabilization of tearing modes and neoclassical tearing modes is of great importance for tokamak operation.Electron cyclotron waves(ECWs)have been extensively used to stabilize the tearing modes with the virtue of highly localized power deposition.Complete suppression of the m/n=2/1 tearing mode(TM)by electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH)has been achieved successfully on the J-TEXT tokamak.The effects of ECW deposition location and power amplitude on the 2/1 TM suppression have been investigated.It is found that the suppression is more effective when the ECW power is deposited closer to the rational surface.As the ECW power increases to approximately 230 k W,the 2/1 TM can be completely suppressed.The island rotation frequency is increased when the island width is reduced.The experimental results show that the local heating inside the magnetic island and the resulting temperature perturbation increase at the O-point of the island play dominant roles in TM suppression.As the ECW power increases,the 2/1 island is suppressed to smaller island width,and the flow shear also plays a stabilizing effect on small magnetic islands.With the stabilizing contribution of heating and flow shear,the 2/1 TM can be completely suppressed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12175107)the Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology (Grant No.YK22-02-08)+2 种基金the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Provincethe Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (Grant No.BK20230347)the Fund from the Research Center of Industrial Perception and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Engineering of Jiangsu Province,China (Grant No.ZK21-05-09)。
文摘Metal-based surface plasmon resonance(SPR)plays an important role in enhancing the photonic spin Hall effect(SHE)and developing sensitive optical sensors.However,the very large negative permittivities of metals limit their applications beyond the near-infrared regime.In this work,we theoretically present a new mechanism to enhance the photonic SHE by taking advantage of SiC-supported surface phonon resonance(SPhR)in the mid-infrared regime.The transverse displacement of photonic SHE is very sensitive to the wavelength of incident light and the thickness of SiC layer.Under the optimal parameter setup,the calculated largest transverse displacement of SiC-based SPhR structure reaches up to 163.8 ym,which is much larger than the condition of SPR.Moreover,an NO_(2) gas sensor based on the SPhR-enhanced photonic SHE is theoretically proposed with the superior sensing performance.Both the intensity and angle sensitivity of this sensor can be effectively manipulated by varying the damping rate of SiC.The results may provide a promising paradigm to enhance the photonic SHE in the mid-infrared region and open up new opportunity of highly sensitive refractive index sensors.
基金Supported by the Original Exploration Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(5215000105)Young Teachers Fund for Higher Education Institutions of Huo Yingdong Education Foundation(171043)。
文摘A simulated oil viscosity prediction model is established according to the relationship between simulated oil viscosity and geometric mean value of T2spectrum,and the time-varying law of simulated oil viscosity in porous media is quantitatively characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)experiments of high multiple waterflooding.A new NMR wettability index formula is derived based on NMR relaxation theory to quantitatively characterize the time-varying law of rock wettability during waterflooding combined with high-multiple waterflooding experiment in sandstone cores.The remaining oil viscosity in the core is positively correlated with the displacing water multiple.The remaining oil viscosity increases rapidly when the displacing water multiple is low,and increases slowly when the displacing water multiple is high.The variation of remaining oil viscosity is related to the reservoir heterogeneity.The stronger the reservoir homogeneity,the higher the content of heavy components in the remaining oil and the higher the viscosity.The reservoir wettability changes after water injection:the oil-wet reservoir changes into water-wet reservoir,while the water-wet reservoir becomes more hydrophilic;the degree of change enhances with the increase of displacing water multiple.There is a high correlation between the time-varying oil viscosity and the time-varying wettability,and the change of oil viscosity cannot be ignored.The NMR wettability index calculated by considering the change of oil viscosity is more consistent with the tested Amott(spontaneous imbibition)wettability index,which agrees more with the time-varying law of reservoir wettability.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,Grant No.2021YFB2401800。
文摘Operando monitoring of internal and local electrochemical processes within lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is crucial,necessitating a range of non-invasive,real-time imaging characterization techniques including nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)techniques.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent applications and advancements of non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)techniques in LIBs.It initially introduces the principles and hardware of MRI,followed by a detailed summary and comparison of MRI techniques used for characterizing liquid/solid electrolytes,electrodes and commercial batteries.This encompasses the determination of electrolytes'transport properties,acquisition of ion distribution profile,and diagnosis of battery defects.By focusing on experimental parameters and optimization strategies,our goal is to explore MRI methods suitable to a variety of research subjects,aiming to enhance imaging quality across diverse scenarios and offer critical physical/chemical insights into the ongoing operation processes of LIBs.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia of China(Grant No.2019MS01021)the Research Program of Science and Technology at Universi-ties of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.NJZY21454)the Theoretical Physics Discipline De-velopment and Communication Platform of Inner Mongolia University(Grant No.12147216).
文摘The dependences of spin wave resonance(SWR)frequency on the surface anisotropy field,interface exchange coupling,symmetry,biquadratic exchange(BQE)interaction,film thickness,and the external magnetic field in bilayer ferromagnetic films are theoretically analyzed by employing the linear spin wave approximation and Green’s function method.A remarkable increase of SWR frequency,except for energetically lower two modes,can be obtained in our model that takes the BQE interaction into account.Again,the effect of the external magnetic field on SWR frequency can be increased by increasing the biquadratic to interlayer exchange ratio.It has been identified that the BQE interaction is of utmost importance in improving the SWR frequency of the bilayer ferromagnetic films.In addition,for bilayer ferromagnetic films,the frequency gap between the energetically highest mode and lowest mode is found to increase by increasing the biquadratic to interlayer exchange ratio and film thickness and destroying the symmetry of the system.These results can be used to improve the understanding of magnetic properties in bilayer ferromagnetic films and thus may have prominent implications for future magnetic devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.61405058 and 62075059)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Grant Nos.2017JJ2048 and 2020JJ4161)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department (Grant No.21A0013)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks of China (Grant No.2024GZKF20)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No.2024A1515011353)。
文摘We have introduced a new approach to calculate the orbital angular momentum(OAM)of bound states in continuum(BICs)and below-continuum-resonance(BCR)modes in the rotational periodic system nested inside and outside by transforming the Bloch wave number from the translational periodic system.We extensively classify and study these BICs and BCR modes,which exhibit high-quality(high-Q)factors,in different regions relative to the interface of the system.These BICs and BCR modes with a high-Q factor have been studied in detail based on distinctive structural parameters and scattering theory.The outcomes of this research break the periodic limitation of interface state-based BICs,and realize more and higher symmetry interface state-based BICs and BCR modes.Moreover,we can control the region where light is captured by adjusting the frequency,and show that the Q factor of BICs is more closely related to the ordinal number of rings and the rotational symmetry number of the system.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.62371388)the Key Research and Development Projects in Shaanxi Province,China (Grant No.2023-YBGY-044)。
文摘Aiming at the problem that the intermediate potential part of the traditional bistable stochastic resonance model cannot be adjusted independently, a new composite stochastic resonance(NCSR) model is proposed by combining the Woods–Saxon(WS) model and the improved piecewise bistable model. The model retains the characteristics of the independent parameters of WS model and the improved piecewise model has no output saturation, all the parameters in the new model have no coupling characteristics. Under α stable noise environment, the new model is used to detect periodic signal and aperiodic signal, the detection results indicate that the new model has higher noise utilization and better detection effect.Finally, the new model is applied to image denoising, the results showed that under the same conditions, the output peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR) and the correlation number of NCSR method is higher than that of other commonly used linear denoising methods and improved piecewise SR methods, the effectiveness of the new model is verified.
基金funded in parts by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12105242)Yunnan Fundamental Research Project (Grant Nos.202201AT070161 and 202301AW070006)support from the Graduate Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Yunnan University (Grant No.KC-22221060)。
文摘The drive for efficient thermal management has intensified with the miniaturization of electronic devices.This study explores the modulation of phonon transport within graphene by introducing silicon nanoparticles influenced by van der Waals forces.Our approach involves the application of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics to assess thermal conductivity while varying the interaction strength,leading to a noteworthy reduction in thermal conductivity.Furthermore,we observe a distinct attenuation in length-dependent behavior within the graphene-nanoparticles system.Our exploration combines wave packet simulations with phonon transmission calculations,aligning with a comprehensive analysis of the phonon transport regime to unveil the underlying physical mechanisms at play.Lastly,we conduct transient molecular dynamics simulations to investigate interfacial thermal conductance between the nanoparticles and the graphene,revealing an enhanced thermal boundary conductance.This research not only contributes to our understanding of phonon transport but also opens a new degree of freedom for utilizing van der Waals nanoparticle-induced resonance,offering promising avenues for the modulation of thermal properties in advanced materials and enhancing their performance in various technological applications.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2023YFA1406500, 2022YFA1402700, and 2021YFA1400400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12134020, 12374156, 12104503,12061131004, 12225407, and 12074174)。
文摘We perform ^(23)Na nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and magnetization measurements on an S=1,quasi-2D honeycomb lattice antiferromagnet Na_(3)Ni_(2)BiO_(6).A large positive Curie-Weiss constant of 22.9 K is observed.The NMR spectra at low fields are consistent with a zigzag magnetic order,indicating a large easy-axis anisotropy.With the field applied along the c*axis,the NMR spectra confirm the existence of a 1/3-magnetization plateau phase between 5.1 T and 7.1 T.The transition from the zigzag order to the 1/3-magnetization plateau phase is also found to be a first-order type.A monotonic decrease of the spin gap is revealed in the 1/3-magnetization plateau phase,which reaches zero at a quantum critical field H_(C)≈8.35 T before entering the fully polarized phase.These data suggest the existence of exchange frustration in the system along with strong ferromagnetic interactions,hosting the possibility for Kitaev physics.Besides,well below the ordered phase,the 1/T_(1) at high fields shows either a level off or an enhancement upon cooling below 3 K,which suggests the existence of low-energy fluctuations.
基金supported by the Youth Talent Program of China National Nuclear Corporationthe Continuous-Support Basic Scientific Research Project(BJ010261223282)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11790321)the Research and development project of China National Nuclear Corporation。
文摘The back-streaming white-neutron beamline(Back-n)of the China Spallation Neutron Source is an essential neutronresearch platform built for the study of nuclear data,neutron physics,and neutron applications.Many types of cross-sectional neutron-reaction measurements have been performed at Back-n since early 2018.These measurements have shown that a significant number of gamma rays can be transmitted to the experimental stations of Back-n along with the neutron beam.These gamma rays,commonly referred to as in-beam gamma rays,can induce a non-negligible experimental background in neutron-reaction measurements.Studying the characteristics of in-beam gamma rays is important for understanding the experimental background.However,measuring in-beam gamma rays is challenging because most gamma-ray detectors are sensitive to neutrons;thus,discriminating between neutron-induced signals and those from in-beam gamma rays is difficult.In this study,we propose the use of the black resonance filter method and a CeBr_(3) scintillation detector to measure the characteristics of the in-beam gamma rays of Back-n.Four types of black resonance filters,^(181)Ta,^(59)Co,^(nat)Ag,and^(nat)Cd,were used in this measurement.The time-of-flight(TOF)technique was used to select the detector signals remaining in the absorption region of the TOF spectra,which were mainly induced by in-beam gamma rays.The energy distribution and flux of the in-beam gamma rays of Back-n were determined by analyzing the deposited energy spectra of the CeBr_(3) scintillation detector and using Monte Carlo simulations.Based on the results of this study,the background contributions from in-beam gamma rays in neutron-reaction measurements at Back-n can be reasonably evaluated,which is beneficial for enhancing both the experimental methodology and data analysis.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(Z200027)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62027901,81930053)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2021B0101420005).
文摘The present study aimed to explore the potential of artificial intelligence(AI)methodology based on magnetic resonance(MR)images to aid in the management of prostate cancer(PCa).To this end,we reviewed and summarized the studies comparing the diagnostic and predictive performance for PCa between AI and common clinical assessment methods based on MR images and/or clinical characteristics,thereby investigating whether AI methods are generally superior to common clinical assessment methods for the diagnosis and prediction fields of PCa.First,we found that,in the included studies of the present study,AI methods were generally equal to or better than the clinical assessment methods for the risk assessment of PCa,such as risk stratification of prostate lesions and the prediction of therapeutic outcomes or PCa progression.In particular,for the diagnosis of clinically significant PCa,the AI methods achieved a higher summary receiver operator characteristic curve(SROC-AUC)than that of the clinical assessment methods(0.87 vs.0.82).For the prediction of adverse pathology,the AI methods also achieved a higher SROC-AUC than that of the clinical assessment methods(0.86 vs.0.75).Second,as revealed by the radiomics quality score(RQS),the studies included in the present study presented a relatively high total average RQS of 15.2(11.0–20.0).Further,the scores of the individual RQS elements implied that the AI models in these studies were constructed with relatively perfect and standard radiomics processes,but the exact generalizability and clinical practicality of the AI models should be further validated using higher levels of evidence,such as prospective studies and open-testing datasets.
