To examine the similarities and differences in the evolution of cavity,wetting and dynamics of a highspeed,oblique water-entry projectile with different positive angles of attack,a comparative analysis has been conduc...To examine the similarities and differences in the evolution of cavity,wetting and dynamics of a highspeed,oblique water-entry projectile with different positive angles of attack,a comparative analysis has been conducted based on the numerical results of two mathematical models,the rigid-body model and fluid-structure interaction model.In addition,the applicable scope of the above two methods,and the structural response characteristics of the projectile have also been investigated.Our results demonstrate that:(1) The impact loads and angular motion of the projectile of the rigid-body method are more likely to exhibit periodic variations due to the periodic tail slap,its range of positive angles of attack is about α<2°.(2) When the projectile undergone significant wetting,a strong coupling effect is observed among wetting,structural deformation,and projectile motion.With the applied projectile shape,it is observed that,when the projectile bends,the final wetting position is that of Part B(cylinder of body).With the occu rrence of this phenomenon,the projectile ballistics beco me completely unstable.(3) The force exerted on the lower surface of the projectile induced by wetting is the primary reason of the destabilization of the projectile traj ectory and structu ral deformation failure.Bending deformation is most likely to appear at the junction of Part C(cone of body) and Part D(tail).The safe angles of attack of the projectile stability are found to be about α≤2°.展开更多
为研究双柱式桥墩结构在含大块石泥石流冲击作用下的动力响应特征,基于光滑粒子动力学-有限元(smoothed particle hydrodynamics-finite element method,SPH-FEM)耦合方法,建立泥石流浆体-大块石-双柱式桥墩动态相互作用模型,分别从泥...为研究双柱式桥墩结构在含大块石泥石流冲击作用下的动力响应特征,基于光滑粒子动力学-有限元(smoothed particle hydrodynamics-finite element method,SPH-FEM)耦合方法,建立泥石流浆体-大块石-双柱式桥墩动态相互作用模型,分别从泥石流冲击特征、桥墩结构应变和冲击力时程等方面,分析泥石流冲击下双柱式桥墩的动力学行为,探讨了不同特性泥石流对桥墩承灾破坏特征的影响.结果表明:所提出的数值分析方法可以较好地模拟泥石流冲击、沿桥墩绕流及流出的整个分布过程;泥浆冲击桥墩底部会出现明显的绕流现象,上游的桥墩柱体所受冲击力远大于下游;受块石冲击的桥墩底部承受较大的横向冲击力,导致出现较大应变,甚至混凝土脱落;桥墩所受冲击力与泥石流的冲击速度和大块石直径都呈正相关;夹杂着大块石的泥石流对桥墩的冲击力远大于仅有浆体的冲击力,是造成桥墩破坏的主要因素.研究成果有助于理解泥石流多发区双柱桥墩的冲击灾变机制,并为其抗冲击设计提供科学依据.展开更多
Interaction of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane(HMX)/ammonium perchlorate(AP) and its effect on mechanical sensitivity may result in some restrictions for the application of AP/HMX system in high energetic weapo...Interaction of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane(HMX)/ammonium perchlorate(AP) and its effect on mechanical sensitivity may result in some restrictions for the application of AP/HMX system in high energetic weapon system. In this work, impact sensitivity test is used to study the effects of wax coating of HMX, AP and aluminum(Al) powder on sensitivity properties of HMX/AP/Al mixtures.Thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC) analysis has been developed to investigate the mechanism of interaction between HMX and AP during the course of thermal decomposition of HMX/AP/AI mixtures. The results show that severe interaction effect exists between AP and HMX, which causes the impact sensitivity(H_(50)) to become smaller. The impact energy(E_(50)) of mixture can be improved under the circumstances of effective separating HMX from AP by surface coating with Wax. AP may firstly engender low-temperature decomposition under the circumstance of external heat or mechanical impact, which causes the exothermic peak of HMX forward shift about 28 C. The gaseous product releasing from thermal decomposition of HMX accelerates further decomposition of AP. For HMX/AP composite system, the interactive catalysis effect between AP and HMX can be eliminated mostly by adding a great deal of Al powder(i.e. above 30%).展开更多
In the process of the terminal guidance of a kinetic kill vehicle(KKV),it is very important to accurately estimate the lineof-sight(LOS)rate via the measurements of a target seeker onboard the KKV.The strong impact in...In the process of the terminal guidance of a kinetic kill vehicle(KKV),it is very important to accurately estimate the lineof-sight(LOS)rate via the measurements of a target seeker onboard the KKV.The strong impact interference caused by the large lateral thrust produced by the thrusters on the KKV is a main factor that affects the measurements on the LOS angle.A method to estimate the impact interference and the LOS rate together via a Kalman filter is proposed to improve the estimation precision of the LOS rate.The observability of the system describing the missile-target relative motion model and the impact interference model is proved,and then a Kalman filter is designed.In the Kalman filter design,the continuous-discrete and two-stage filtering techniques are used because the system model is time-variant and high-order.Numerical simulation results show that by estimating the impact interference,the estimation precision of the LOS rate is increased,and so the miss distance of the KKV under the strong impact interference is reduced.The proposed continuous-discrete two-stage Kalman filter shows higher estimation precision and lower computational cost than the naive discrete augmented state Kalman filter.展开更多
The bearing beams and the supporting beams under low velocity impact may be in four different strain stages of deformation depending on the impact intensity and beam structure strength.Based on the different judging c...The bearing beams and the supporting beams under low velocity impact may be in four different strain stages of deformation depending on the impact intensity and beam structure strength.Based on the different judging conditions of deformation stages,the corresponding calculation models are proposed,the calculation formulae for the determination of the impact force and the beam's lateral displacement are obtained.Calculation shows that the beam's total deflection is small when the flexibility of the supporting component is high and the effect of diminishing deflection disappears almost when the stiffness of the supporting component is high.展开更多
换相失败可能引起直流输电系统(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)闭锁,严重影响电网的安全稳定运行。多馈入直流输电系统中电气耦合紧密,控制响应造成多回LCC-HVDC交互影响,使换相失败的产生机...换相失败可能引起直流输电系统(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)闭锁,严重影响电网的安全稳定运行。多馈入直流输电系统中电气耦合紧密,控制响应造成多回LCC-HVDC交互影响,使换相失败的产生机理变得更加复杂。现有后续换相失败抑制方法多以单回LCC-HVDC为对象,无法兼顾自身换相恢复和相邻直流换相失败抑制的需求。为此,提出了一种适应于多馈入直流输电系统的后续换相失败抑制方法。分析了LCC-HVDC首次换相失败恢复过程中逆变站控制系统的响应时序及条件,提出了考虑故障严重程度和LCC-HVDC控制影响的后续换相失败安全裕度评估方法,进而提出了基于电压安全裕度的后续换相失败抑制方法,并在CIGRE HVDC标准测试系统验证了所提方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,所提方法根据换流母线电压自适应地调节直流电流,能够有效降低多馈入直流输电系统中无功电压耦合影响,有效抑制相邻回LCC-HVDC发生后续换相失败。展开更多
基金supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX24_0714).
文摘To examine the similarities and differences in the evolution of cavity,wetting and dynamics of a highspeed,oblique water-entry projectile with different positive angles of attack,a comparative analysis has been conducted based on the numerical results of two mathematical models,the rigid-body model and fluid-structure interaction model.In addition,the applicable scope of the above two methods,and the structural response characteristics of the projectile have also been investigated.Our results demonstrate that:(1) The impact loads and angular motion of the projectile of the rigid-body method are more likely to exhibit periodic variations due to the periodic tail slap,its range of positive angles of attack is about α<2°.(2) When the projectile undergone significant wetting,a strong coupling effect is observed among wetting,structural deformation,and projectile motion.With the applied projectile shape,it is observed that,when the projectile bends,the final wetting position is that of Part B(cylinder of body).With the occu rrence of this phenomenon,the projectile ballistics beco me completely unstable.(3) The force exerted on the lower surface of the projectile induced by wetting is the primary reason of the destabilization of the projectile traj ectory and structu ral deformation failure.Bending deformation is most likely to appear at the junction of Part C(cone of body) and Part D(tail).The safe angles of attack of the projectile stability are found to be about α≤2°.
文摘为研究双柱式桥墩结构在含大块石泥石流冲击作用下的动力响应特征,基于光滑粒子动力学-有限元(smoothed particle hydrodynamics-finite element method,SPH-FEM)耦合方法,建立泥石流浆体-大块石-双柱式桥墩动态相互作用模型,分别从泥石流冲击特征、桥墩结构应变和冲击力时程等方面,分析泥石流冲击下双柱式桥墩的动力学行为,探讨了不同特性泥石流对桥墩承灾破坏特征的影响.结果表明:所提出的数值分析方法可以较好地模拟泥石流冲击、沿桥墩绕流及流出的整个分布过程;泥浆冲击桥墩底部会出现明显的绕流现象,上游的桥墩柱体所受冲击力远大于下游;受块石冲击的桥墩底部承受较大的横向冲击力,导致出现较大应变,甚至混凝土脱落;桥墩所受冲击力与泥石流的冲击速度和大块石直径都呈正相关;夹杂着大块石的泥石流对桥墩的冲击力远大于仅有浆体的冲击力,是造成桥墩破坏的主要因素.研究成果有助于理解泥石流多发区双柱桥墩的冲击灾变机制,并为其抗冲击设计提供科学依据.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.11402238,11502243 and 11502245)
文摘Interaction of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane(HMX)/ammonium perchlorate(AP) and its effect on mechanical sensitivity may result in some restrictions for the application of AP/HMX system in high energetic weapon system. In this work, impact sensitivity test is used to study the effects of wax coating of HMX, AP and aluminum(Al) powder on sensitivity properties of HMX/AP/Al mixtures.Thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC) analysis has been developed to investigate the mechanism of interaction between HMX and AP during the course of thermal decomposition of HMX/AP/AI mixtures. The results show that severe interaction effect exists between AP and HMX, which causes the impact sensitivity(H_(50)) to become smaller. The impact energy(E_(50)) of mixture can be improved under the circumstances of effective separating HMX from AP by surface coating with Wax. AP may firstly engender low-temperature decomposition under the circumstance of external heat or mechanical impact, which causes the exothermic peak of HMX forward shift about 28 C. The gaseous product releasing from thermal decomposition of HMX accelerates further decomposition of AP. For HMX/AP composite system, the interactive catalysis effect between AP and HMX can be eliminated mostly by adding a great deal of Al powder(i.e. above 30%).
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61773142).
文摘In the process of the terminal guidance of a kinetic kill vehicle(KKV),it is very important to accurately estimate the lineof-sight(LOS)rate via the measurements of a target seeker onboard the KKV.The strong impact interference caused by the large lateral thrust produced by the thrusters on the KKV is a main factor that affects the measurements on the LOS angle.A method to estimate the impact interference and the LOS rate together via a Kalman filter is proposed to improve the estimation precision of the LOS rate.The observability of the system describing the missile-target relative motion model and the impact interference model is proved,and then a Kalman filter is designed.In the Kalman filter design,the continuous-discrete and two-stage filtering techniques are used because the system model is time-variant and high-order.Numerical simulation results show that by estimating the impact interference,the estimation precision of the LOS rate is increased,and so the miss distance of the KKV under the strong impact interference is reduced.The proposed continuous-discrete two-stage Kalman filter shows higher estimation precision and lower computational cost than the naive discrete augmented state Kalman filter.
基金the National Science Foundation of China(50578158)
文摘The bearing beams and the supporting beams under low velocity impact may be in four different strain stages of deformation depending on the impact intensity and beam structure strength.Based on the different judging conditions of deformation stages,the corresponding calculation models are proposed,the calculation formulae for the determination of the impact force and the beam's lateral displacement are obtained.Calculation shows that the beam's total deflection is small when the flexibility of the supporting component is high and the effect of diminishing deflection disappears almost when the stiffness of the supporting component is high.
文摘换相失败可能引起直流输电系统(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)闭锁,严重影响电网的安全稳定运行。多馈入直流输电系统中电气耦合紧密,控制响应造成多回LCC-HVDC交互影响,使换相失败的产生机理变得更加复杂。现有后续换相失败抑制方法多以单回LCC-HVDC为对象,无法兼顾自身换相恢复和相邻直流换相失败抑制的需求。为此,提出了一种适应于多馈入直流输电系统的后续换相失败抑制方法。分析了LCC-HVDC首次换相失败恢复过程中逆变站控制系统的响应时序及条件,提出了考虑故障严重程度和LCC-HVDC控制影响的后续换相失败安全裕度评估方法,进而提出了基于电压安全裕度的后续换相失败抑制方法,并在CIGRE HVDC标准测试系统验证了所提方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,所提方法根据换流母线电压自适应地调节直流电流,能够有效降低多馈入直流输电系统中无功电压耦合影响,有效抑制相邻回LCC-HVDC发生后续换相失败。
