Bluesign and SCTI donate the pioneering Sustainable Chemistry Index (SCI) Methodology to ZDHC aiming to advance sustainable chemistry within the textile industry.The textile industry is ta king a great step forward in...Bluesign and SCTI donate the pioneering Sustainable Chemistry Index (SCI) Methodology to ZDHC aiming to advance sustainable chemistry within the textile industry.The textile industry is ta king a great step forward in sustainable practices as bluesign and SCTI donate the pioneering Sustainable Chemistry Index (SCI) Methodology to ZDHC.This collaboration aims to revolutionize chemical management in the textile,leather and fashion industries,while addressing environmental impact in a holistic manner.展开更多
The most common scientific approach to numerical landscape-level forest management planning is combinatorial optimization aimed at finding the optimal combination of the treatment alternatives of stands. The selected ...The most common scientific approach to numerical landscape-level forest management planning is combinatorial optimization aimed at finding the optimal combination of the treatment alternatives of stands. The selected combination of treatments depends on the conditions of the forest, and the objectives of the forest landowners. A two-step procedure is commonly used to derive the plan. First, treatment alternatives are generated for the stands using an automated simulation tool. Second,the optimal combination of the simulated treatment schedules is found by using mathematical programming or various heuristics. Simulation of treatment schedules requires models for stand dynamics and volume for all important tree species and stand types present in the forest.A forest planning system was described for Northeast China. The necessary models for stand dynamics and tree volume were presented for the main tree species of the region. The developed models were integrated into the simulation tool of the planning system. The simulation and the optimization tools of the planning system were described. The optimization tool was used with heuristic methods, making it possible to easily solve also spatial forest planning problems, for instance aggregate cuttings.Finally, the use of the system is illustrated with a case study, in which nonspatial and spatial management plans are developed for the Mengjiagang Forest District.展开更多
We read the article“How to manage the malposition of deep vein catheterization into the artery”[1]with keen interest.However,we have several concerns with the proposed algorithm.First,the site of catheter misplaceme...We read the article“How to manage the malposition of deep vein catheterization into the artery”[1]with keen interest.However,we have several concerns with the proposed algorithm.First,the site of catheter misplacement is assumed to be the subclavian artery,the most frequent site of misplacement during internal jugular vein catheterization.[2]However,catheter misplacement can occur in the common carotid and vertebral arteries during internal jugular vein catheterization.[2,3]If a catheter is misplaced in one of these arteries,preventing cerebral ischemia is a priority.[2,4,5]For example,if a thrombus forms around the catheter,a method is chosen to resolve it while preventing dispersion and closing the perforation.[2,6]Therefore,open surgical closure must be selected.Second,the algorithm may not handle instances of realistic catheter misplacement in the arteries.We assume a case where an internal jugular venous catheter(5Fr double-lumen catheter)is inserted but accidentally penetrates the subclavian artery and is placed in the thoracic cavity.Suppose that the injured site is about 5 mm from the confluence of the right common carotid or vertebral arteries.展开更多
The public speech skill consists of cultural virtue,knowledge accumulation,psychological quality,logical thinking,thinking capacity and language expression.It is a kind of art that speakers achieve the success through...The public speech skill consists of cultural virtue,knowledge accumulation,psychological quality,logical thinking,thinking capacity and language expression.It is a kind of art that speakers achieve the success through their own sound.In dealing with various English speeches,Chinese students are always influenced by the Chinese way of speech delivery,adopting the style of it,especially its tone of finality.After collecting,arranging and learning relevant material,I attaches great importance to the tone of finality in famous English speeches.They show some rules and regulations,such as the return to the middle pitch,the unstable change of stress and the final rising and falling tone.This paper begins with a brief introduction to what the tone of finality is and three famous English speeches in different areas are provided as study cases with the PRAAT pictures and their relevant analysis.And then the comparison will be made among these three speeches from aspects of pitch,length and weight,in the hope of concluding similarities in the tone of finality of these three cases.展开更多
As a prolific writer of British literature in 20th century,Doris Lessing creates literary works which challenge in both theme and writing style.In her works,the style is distinctive and various,the thought s are deep,...As a prolific writer of British literature in 20th century,Doris Lessing creates literary works which challenge in both theme and writing style.In her works,the style is distinctive and various,the thought s are deep,ideas are sharp and new.This pa per studies women's subject consciousness and their awakenings,and at the same time,intends to explore her transcendence to western feminist criticism.展开更多
This paper proposes an instance-learning-based intrusion-detection system （IL-IDS） for wireless sensor networks （WSNs）. The goal of the proposed system is to detect routing attacks on a WSN. Taking an existing ins...This paper proposes an instance-learning-based intrusion-detection system （IL-IDS） for wireless sensor networks （WSNs）. The goal of the proposed system is to detect routing attacks on a WSN. Taking an existing instance-learning algorithm for wired networks as our basis, we propose IL-IDS for handling routing security problems in a WSN. Attacks on a routing protocol for a WSN include black hole attack and sinkhole attack. The basic idea of our system is to differentiate the changes between secure instances and attack instances. Considering the limited resources of sensor nodes, the existing algorithm cannot be used directly in a WSN. Our system mainly comprises four parts： feature vector selection, threshold selection, instance data processing, and instance determination. We create a feature vector form composed of the attributes that changes obviously when an attack occurs within the network. For the data processing in resource-constrained sensor nodes, we propose a data-reduction scheme based on the clustering algorithm. For instance determination, we provide a threshold-selection scheme and describe the concrete-instance-determination mechanism of the system. Finally, we simulate and evaluate the proposed IL-IDS for different types of attacks.展开更多
Cardiovascular risk factors(CVRF)are very prevalent in the elderly population and in addition to predisposing to cardiovascular disease they are related to functional decline,which limits the quality of life in this p...Cardiovascular risk factors(CVRF)are very prevalent in the elderly population and in addition to predisposing to cardiovascular disease they are related to functional decline,which limits the quality of life in this population.The objective of this work is to offer a review of the current evidence in the management of CVRF in the elderly population.The search strategy was executed in PubMed,Clinicalstrials.org and Embase,to search for clinical trials,observational cohort or cross-sectional studies,reviews,and clinical practice guidelines focused or including elderly population.The results provided were refined after reading the title and abstract,as well as elimination of duplicates,and were finally identified and assessed following the GRADE methodology.A total of 136 studies were obtained for all predefined risk factors,such as sedentary lifestyle,smoking,obesity and metabolic syndrome,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia and alcohol.We described the results of the studies identified and assessed according to their methodological quality in different recommendation sections:diagnostic and prevention,intervention,or treatment in the elderly population.As the main limitation to the results of this review,there is the lack of quality studies whose target population is elderly patients.This issue limits the recommendations that can be made in this population.Due to this reason,comprehensive geriatric assessment seems the best tool currently available to implement the most appropriate treatment plans based on the baseline situation and comorbidity of each elderly patient.展开更多
The American economy seems to be booming,recoveringfrom recession.In reality,however,the living standard of av-erage American family remains where it was 20 years ago.Theeconomic foundation of middle class is not stro...The American economy seems to be booming,recoveringfrom recession.In reality,however,the living standard of av-erage American family remains where it was 20 years ago.Theeconomic foundation of middle class is not strong.The reasonsfor this are multiple.For instance,the success in cost-cuttingmanufacturing comes from shifting the work to the展开更多
The experiments of primary and secondary instabilities with controlled excitation are carried out on a swept flat plate to study the process leading to the final breakdown of laminar flow. Two types of high frequency ...The experiments of primary and secondary instabilities with controlled excitation are carried out on a swept flat plate to study the process leading to the final breakdown of laminar flow. Two types of high frequency secondary instabilities are identified. The most amplified mode is centered about the inflection point of the crosswise profile of the boundary layer and is interpreted as inflectional instability, the other occurs in the one third of the boundary layer from the wall. The high frequency disturbances are highly amplified but they also saturate similarly to the primary and nonlinearly generated disturbances. Their main effect in the final breakdown seems interact with the disturbances is developed and thus widens the frequency spectrum to turbulent state.展开更多
We propose a simplified human regular mobility model to simulate an individual's daily travel with three sequential activities:commuting to workplace,going to do leisure activities and returning home.With the assu...We propose a simplified human regular mobility model to simulate an individual's daily travel with three sequential activities:commuting to workplace,going to do leisure activities and returning home.With the assumption that the individual has a constant travel speed and inferior limit of time at home and in work,we prove that the daily moving area of an individual is an ellipse,and finally obtain an exact solution of the gyration radius.The analytical solution captures the empirical observation well.展开更多
The thermal failure induced by high power microwave（HPM） in a complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS） inverter is investigated and its dependence on microwave parameters is discussed in detail. An analytical...The thermal failure induced by high power microwave（HPM） in a complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS） inverter is investigated and its dependence on microwave parameters is discussed in detail. An analytical model of the temperature distribution is established and the relationships between hotspot temperature and pulse width and between hotspot temperature and frequency are predicted, which reveals a more severe rise in temperature under the influence of microwave with longer width and lower frequency. The temperature variation mechanism and the theoretical temperature model are validated and explained by the simulation. Furthermore, variation trend of damage threshold with microwave parameters is derived theoretically, and the conclusions are consistent with simulation results and reported data.展开更多
t is believed that one can extract more accurate information of the pion distribution amplitude from the pion-photon transition form factor(TFF)due to the single pion in this process.However,the BABAR and Belle data o...t is believed that one can extract more accurate information of the pion distribution amplitude from the pion-photon transition form factor(TFF)due to the single pion in this process.However,the BABAR and Belle data of the pion-photon TFF have a big difference for Q^(2)∈[15,40]GeV^(2),and at present,the pion DA can not be definitely determined from the pion-photon TFF.It is crucial to find the right pion DA behavior and to determine which data is more reliable.We perform a combined analysis of the most existing data of the processes involving pion by using a general model for the pion wavefunction/DA.Such a DA model can mimic all the existed pion DA behaviors,whose parameters can be fixed by the constraints from the processesπ^(0)→γγ,π→μν,and B→πlν,etc.Especially,we examine the B→πtransition form factors that provides another constraint to the parameter B in our DA model,which results in B∈[0.00,0.29].This inversely shows that the predicted curve for the pion-photon TFF is between the BABAR and Belle data in the region Q^(2)∈[15,40]GeV^(2).It will be tested by coming more accurate data in large Q^(2)region,and the definite behavior of pion DA can be concluded finally.展开更多
First-principles calculations by means of the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method using the generalized gradient approximation with correlation effect correction（GGA＋U） within the framework of spi...First-principles calculations by means of the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method using the generalized gradient approximation with correlation effect correction（GGA＋U） within the framework of spin polarized density functional theory（DFT＋U） are used to study the structural,electronic,and magnetic properties of cubic perovskite compounds RbXF3（X = Mn,V,Co,and Fe）.It is found that the calculated structural parameters,i.e.,lattice constant,bulk modulus,and its pressure derivative are in good agreement with the previous results.Our results reveal that the strong spin polarization of the 3d states of the X atoms is the origin of ferromagnetism in RbXF3.Cohesive energies and the magnetic moments of RbXF3 have also been calculated.The calculated electronic properties show the half-metallic nature of RbCoF3 and RbFeF3,making these materials suitable for spintronic applications.展开更多
This paper elaborates on the key points of the latest developments in methane emissions reduction policies in the European Union(EU)and the United States(U.S.)and makes a comparative analysis of their policy framework...This paper elaborates on the key points of the latest developments in methane emissions reduction policies in the European Union(EU)and the United States(U.S.)and makes a comparative analysis of their policy frameworks.There are similarities between the EU and the U.S.in terms of methane emissions reduction measures,but there are also significant differences.For instance,the EU has proposed requirements for fossil energy imports,placing greater emphasis on the role of international organizations.On the basis of comparative analysis,this paper presents insights for China from the perspectives of the target,policy,data,emission reduction path,utilization as energy,and international influence.展开更多
Although I had never met him,I knew that my grand-father had been five feet,six inches tall,while my stately(仪态高贵的)grandmother stood five feet,eleven inches.As a teen-ager(少年)leafing through(浏览)old photo-
Microsoft,probably the largest software developer in theU.S.,is being sued for the violation of anti-trust law.Itnearly dominates the software market.Some 8 out of 10desktop computers run the Microsoft software.It req...Microsoft,probably the largest software developer in theU.S.,is being sued for the violation of anti-trust law.Itnearly dominates the software market.Some 8 out of 10desktop computers run the Microsoft software.It requiredcomputer makers to pay a royalty for each machine sold thatcould run Microsoft software,whether or not it actually con-展开更多
文摘Bluesign and SCTI donate the pioneering Sustainable Chemistry Index (SCI) Methodology to ZDHC aiming to advance sustainable chemistry within the textile industry.The textile industry is ta king a great step forward in sustainable practices as bluesign and SCTI donate the pioneering Sustainable Chemistry Index (SCI) Methodology to ZDHC.This collaboration aims to revolutionize chemical management in the textile,leather and fashion industries,while addressing environmental impact in a holistic manner.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2015BAD09B01)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of the People’s Republic of China(2572014BA09)
文摘The most common scientific approach to numerical landscape-level forest management planning is combinatorial optimization aimed at finding the optimal combination of the treatment alternatives of stands. The selected combination of treatments depends on the conditions of the forest, and the objectives of the forest landowners. A two-step procedure is commonly used to derive the plan. First, treatment alternatives are generated for the stands using an automated simulation tool. Second,the optimal combination of the simulated treatment schedules is found by using mathematical programming or various heuristics. Simulation of treatment schedules requires models for stand dynamics and volume for all important tree species and stand types present in the forest.A forest planning system was described for Northeast China. The necessary models for stand dynamics and tree volume were presented for the main tree species of the region. The developed models were integrated into the simulation tool of the planning system. The simulation and the optimization tools of the planning system were described. The optimization tool was used with heuristic methods, making it possible to easily solve also spatial forest planning problems, for instance aggregate cuttings.Finally, the use of the system is illustrated with a case study, in which nonspatial and spatial management plans are developed for the Mengjiagang Forest District.
文摘We read the article“How to manage the malposition of deep vein catheterization into the artery”[1]with keen interest.However,we have several concerns with the proposed algorithm.First,the site of catheter misplacement is assumed to be the subclavian artery,the most frequent site of misplacement during internal jugular vein catheterization.[2]However,catheter misplacement can occur in the common carotid and vertebral arteries during internal jugular vein catheterization.[2,3]If a catheter is misplaced in one of these arteries,preventing cerebral ischemia is a priority.[2,4,5]For example,if a thrombus forms around the catheter,a method is chosen to resolve it while preventing dispersion and closing the perforation.[2,6]Therefore,open surgical closure must be selected.Second,the algorithm may not handle instances of realistic catheter misplacement in the arteries.We assume a case where an internal jugular venous catheter(5Fr double-lumen catheter)is inserted but accidentally penetrates the subclavian artery and is placed in the thoracic cavity.Suppose that the injured site is about 5 mm from the confluence of the right common carotid or vertebral arteries.
文摘The public speech skill consists of cultural virtue,knowledge accumulation,psychological quality,logical thinking,thinking capacity and language expression.It is a kind of art that speakers achieve the success through their own sound.In dealing with various English speeches,Chinese students are always influenced by the Chinese way of speech delivery,adopting the style of it,especially its tone of finality.After collecting,arranging and learning relevant material,I attaches great importance to the tone of finality in famous English speeches.They show some rules and regulations,such as the return to the middle pitch,the unstable change of stress and the final rising and falling tone.This paper begins with a brief introduction to what the tone of finality is and three famous English speeches in different areas are provided as study cases with the PRAAT pictures and their relevant analysis.And then the comparison will be made among these three speeches from aspects of pitch,length and weight,in the hope of concluding similarities in the tone of finality of these three cases.
文摘As a prolific writer of British literature in 20th century,Doris Lessing creates literary works which challenge in both theme and writing style.In her works,the style is distinctive and various,the thought s are deep,ideas are sharp and new.This pa per studies women's subject consciousness and their awakenings,and at the same time,intends to explore her transcendence to western feminist criticism.
文摘This paper proposes an instance-learning-based intrusion-detection system （IL-IDS） for wireless sensor networks （WSNs）. The goal of the proposed system is to detect routing attacks on a WSN. Taking an existing instance-learning algorithm for wired networks as our basis, we propose IL-IDS for handling routing security problems in a WSN. Attacks on a routing protocol for a WSN include black hole attack and sinkhole attack. The basic idea of our system is to differentiate the changes between secure instances and attack instances. Considering the limited resources of sensor nodes, the existing algorithm cannot be used directly in a WSN. Our system mainly comprises four parts： feature vector selection, threshold selection, instance data processing, and instance determination. We create a feature vector form composed of the attributes that changes obviously when an attack occurs within the network. For the data processing in resource-constrained sensor nodes, we propose a data-reduction scheme based on the clustering algorithm. For instance determination, we provide a threshold-selection scheme and describe the concrete-instance-determination mechanism of the system. Finally, we simulate and evaluate the proposed IL-IDS for different types of attacks.
文摘Cardiovascular risk factors(CVRF)are very prevalent in the elderly population and in addition to predisposing to cardiovascular disease they are related to functional decline,which limits the quality of life in this population.The objective of this work is to offer a review of the current evidence in the management of CVRF in the elderly population.The search strategy was executed in PubMed,Clinicalstrials.org and Embase,to search for clinical trials,observational cohort or cross-sectional studies,reviews,and clinical practice guidelines focused or including elderly population.The results provided were refined after reading the title and abstract,as well as elimination of duplicates,and were finally identified and assessed following the GRADE methodology.A total of 136 studies were obtained for all predefined risk factors,such as sedentary lifestyle,smoking,obesity and metabolic syndrome,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia and alcohol.We described the results of the studies identified and assessed according to their methodological quality in different recommendation sections:diagnostic and prevention,intervention,or treatment in the elderly population.As the main limitation to the results of this review,there is the lack of quality studies whose target population is elderly patients.This issue limits the recommendations that can be made in this population.Due to this reason,comprehensive geriatric assessment seems the best tool currently available to implement the most appropriate treatment plans based on the baseline situation and comorbidity of each elderly patient.
文摘The American economy seems to be booming,recoveringfrom recession.In reality,however,the living standard of av-erage American family remains where it was 20 years ago.Theeconomic foundation of middle class is not strong.The reasonsfor this are multiple.For instance,the success in cost-cuttingmanufacturing comes from shifting the work to the
文摘The experiments of primary and secondary instabilities with controlled excitation are carried out on a swept flat plate to study the process leading to the final breakdown of laminar flow. Two types of high frequency secondary instabilities are identified. The most amplified mode is centered about the inflection point of the crosswise profile of the boundary layer and is interpreted as inflectional instability, the other occurs in the one third of the boundary layer from the wall. The high frequency disturbances are highly amplified but they also saturate similarly to the primary and nonlinearly generated disturbances. Their main effect in the final breakdown seems interact with the disturbances is developed and thus widens the frequency spectrum to turbulent state.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 91024026,10975126,70871082 and 70971089the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No 20093402110032the Research Foundation of Hebei Educational Committee under Grant No Z2009139.
文摘We propose a simplified human regular mobility model to simulate an individual's daily travel with three sequential activities:commuting to workplace,going to do leisure activities and returning home.With the assumption that the individual has a constant travel speed and inferior limit of time at home and in work,we prove that the daily moving area of an individual is an ellipse,and finally obtain an exact solution of the gyration radius.The analytical solution captures the empirical observation well.
基金Project supported by the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Science and Technology,China Academy of Engineering Physics(Grant No.2015-0214.XY.K)
文摘The thermal failure induced by high power microwave（HPM） in a complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS） inverter is investigated and its dependence on microwave parameters is discussed in detail. An analytical model of the temperature distribution is established and the relationships between hotspot temperature and pulse width and between hotspot temperature and frequency are predicted, which reveals a more severe rise in temperature under the influence of microwave with longer width and lower frequency. The temperature variation mechanism and the theoretical temperature model are validated and explained by the simulation. Furthermore, variation trend of damage threshold with microwave parameters is derived theoretically, and the conclusions are consistent with simulation results and reported data.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10975144 and 11075225the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University under Grant No NCET-10-0882.
文摘t is believed that one can extract more accurate information of the pion distribution amplitude from the pion-photon transition form factor(TFF)due to the single pion in this process.However,the BABAR and Belle data of the pion-photon TFF have a big difference for Q^(2)∈[15,40]GeV^(2),and at present,the pion DA can not be definitely determined from the pion-photon TFF.It is crucial to find the right pion DA behavior and to determine which data is more reliable.We perform a combined analysis of the most existing data of the processes involving pion by using a general model for the pion wavefunction/DA.Such a DA model can mimic all the existed pion DA behaviors,whose parameters can be fixed by the constraints from the processesπ^(0)→γγ,π→μν,and B→πlν,etc.Especially,we examine the B→πtransition form factors that provides another constraint to the parameter B in our DA model,which results in B∈[0.00,0.29].This inversely shows that the predicted curve for the pion-photon TFF is between the BABAR and Belle data in the region Q^(2)∈[15,40]GeV^(2).It will be tested by coming more accurate data in large Q^(2)region,and the definite behavior of pion DA can be concluded finally.
文摘First-principles calculations by means of the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method using the generalized gradient approximation with correlation effect correction（GGA＋U） within the framework of spin polarized density functional theory（DFT＋U） are used to study the structural,electronic,and magnetic properties of cubic perovskite compounds RbXF3（X = Mn,V,Co,and Fe）.It is found that the calculated structural parameters,i.e.,lattice constant,bulk modulus,and its pressure derivative are in good agreement with the previous results.Our results reveal that the strong spin polarization of the 3d states of the X atoms is the origin of ferromagnetism in RbXF3.Cohesive energies and the magnetic moments of RbXF3 have also been calculated.The calculated electronic properties show the half-metallic nature of RbCoF3 and RbFeF3,making these materials suitable for spintronic applications.
文摘This paper elaborates on the key points of the latest developments in methane emissions reduction policies in the European Union(EU)and the United States(U.S.)and makes a comparative analysis of their policy frameworks.There are similarities between the EU and the U.S.in terms of methane emissions reduction measures,but there are also significant differences.For instance,the EU has proposed requirements for fossil energy imports,placing greater emphasis on the role of international organizations.On the basis of comparative analysis,this paper presents insights for China from the perspectives of the target,policy,data,emission reduction path,utilization as energy,and international influence.
文摘Although I had never met him,I knew that my grand-father had been five feet,six inches tall,while my stately(仪态高贵的)grandmother stood five feet,eleven inches.As a teen-ager(少年)leafing through(浏览)old photo-
文摘Microsoft,probably the largest software developer in theU.S.,is being sued for the violation of anti-trust law.Itnearly dominates the software market.Some 8 out of 10desktop computers run the Microsoft software.It requiredcomputer makers to pay a royalty for each machine sold thatcould run Microsoft software,whether or not it actually con-
