[Objective]Implementation of the Ten-Year Fishing Ban policy may alter fish diversity and niche characteristics of dominant species in spawning grounds within the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in t...[Objective]Implementation of the Ten-Year Fishing Ban policy may alter fish diversity and niche characteristics of dominant species in spawning grounds within the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the Upper Yangtze River.This study initiated continuous monitoring of natural spawning habitats from February 2022 to assess these ecological changes.[Methods]Environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding was employed to analyze fish species composition,biodiversity patterns,and niche parameters of dominant species.Water sampling followed the CEN/TS 19461 standard across five monitoring transects(ZT1-ZT5).[Results]The eDNA analysis detected 45 species of fish belonging to 38 genera,13 families,and 3 orders were detected through environmental DNA(eDNA)in this survey,including 10 species endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,such as Procypris rabaudi and Myxocyprinus asiaticus.The fish community was mainly composed of bottom-dwelling,settling ovum-producing,omnivorous fish.The variation ranges of the Chao1 index,ACE index,Shannon index,and Simpson index are 736~996,719~965,1.58~3.23,and 0.83~0.99,respectively,indicating that fish species in spawning sites are abundant and community distribution uniformity is high.All indexes are highest at ZT1 monitoring points.Cluster analysis showed that,at a certain similarity level,fish community types in spawning sites could be basically divided into two groups:ZT1,ZT3,and ZT5 clustered together,and ZT2 and ZT4 clustered together,indicating similar fish community habitats.There are 9 dominant fish species in typical deep pool habitats in the reserve,with niche widths(Bi)ranging from 1.13 to 3.87.The dominant fish species are broad and medium niche fish,such as Cyprinus carpio and Hemiculter tchangi,with the niche overlap index(Oik)of some dominant fish species reaching more than 0.95.This indicates fierce competition for resources among the fish in this spawning ground.[Conclusion]The Zhutuo spawning ground demonstrates high species richness with homogeneous community structure and intense resource competition.This study establishes an eDNA-based monitoring framework that enhances conventional survey method,providing critical baseline data for adaptive management under the fishing moratorium regime.展开更多
陆海连续体是连接陆地生态系统和开阔海洋的过渡带,其连通性对生物迁移产生重大影响,但对陆海连续体连通性的描述和量化目前仍在探索之中。本研究利用环境DNA(eDNA)宏条形码技术,通过使用针对脊椎动物的通用引物对鱼类线粒体12S rRNA基...陆海连续体是连接陆地生态系统和开阔海洋的过渡带,其连通性对生物迁移产生重大影响,但对陆海连续体连通性的描述和量化目前仍在探索之中。本研究利用环境DNA(eDNA)宏条形码技术,通过使用针对脊椎动物的通用引物对鱼类线粒体12S rRNA基因的部分V5高变区进行扩增,获得鱼类多样性数据,并以此为基础开发了一种快捷方法来评估陆海连续体的连通性。该方法通过计算相邻站点间的Beta多样性指数来综合估算生物连通性综合指数(comprehensive index of biological connectivity,CIBC),该值范围0~1,值越大,连通性越好。2023年10月利用eDNA技术成功从长江口上海水域检测出鱼类21目,35科,86属,117种,其中支流的鱼类数量多于干流。Alpha多样性分析显示,支流的鱼类群落丰富度高于干流,但多样性略低于干流。鲤科的CIBC值显示,干流、支流连通性普遍较好。鲴科的CIBC值显示,干流上下游连通性较好。鱊科的CIBC值显示,干流上游连通性较好。虾虎鱼科的CIBC值显示,干流中上游连通性较好。整个鱼类群落的CIBC值显示,干流连通性较好,仅下游接近长江口处连通性较差,支流的连通性变化较大,干流的整体连通性优于支流。本研究方法可为研究陆海连续体连通性提供新的思路,并有助于长江口生态廊道的生态修复与综合管理。展开更多
文摘[Objective]Implementation of the Ten-Year Fishing Ban policy may alter fish diversity and niche characteristics of dominant species in spawning grounds within the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the Upper Yangtze River.This study initiated continuous monitoring of natural spawning habitats from February 2022 to assess these ecological changes.[Methods]Environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding was employed to analyze fish species composition,biodiversity patterns,and niche parameters of dominant species.Water sampling followed the CEN/TS 19461 standard across five monitoring transects(ZT1-ZT5).[Results]The eDNA analysis detected 45 species of fish belonging to 38 genera,13 families,and 3 orders were detected through environmental DNA(eDNA)in this survey,including 10 species endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,such as Procypris rabaudi and Myxocyprinus asiaticus.The fish community was mainly composed of bottom-dwelling,settling ovum-producing,omnivorous fish.The variation ranges of the Chao1 index,ACE index,Shannon index,and Simpson index are 736~996,719~965,1.58~3.23,and 0.83~0.99,respectively,indicating that fish species in spawning sites are abundant and community distribution uniformity is high.All indexes are highest at ZT1 monitoring points.Cluster analysis showed that,at a certain similarity level,fish community types in spawning sites could be basically divided into two groups:ZT1,ZT3,and ZT5 clustered together,and ZT2 and ZT4 clustered together,indicating similar fish community habitats.There are 9 dominant fish species in typical deep pool habitats in the reserve,with niche widths(Bi)ranging from 1.13 to 3.87.The dominant fish species are broad and medium niche fish,such as Cyprinus carpio and Hemiculter tchangi,with the niche overlap index(Oik)of some dominant fish species reaching more than 0.95.This indicates fierce competition for resources among the fish in this spawning ground.[Conclusion]The Zhutuo spawning ground demonstrates high species richness with homogeneous community structure and intense resource competition.This study establishes an eDNA-based monitoring framework that enhances conventional survey method,providing critical baseline data for adaptive management under the fishing moratorium regime.
文摘陆海连续体是连接陆地生态系统和开阔海洋的过渡带,其连通性对生物迁移产生重大影响,但对陆海连续体连通性的描述和量化目前仍在探索之中。本研究利用环境DNA(eDNA)宏条形码技术,通过使用针对脊椎动物的通用引物对鱼类线粒体12S rRNA基因的部分V5高变区进行扩增,获得鱼类多样性数据,并以此为基础开发了一种快捷方法来评估陆海连续体的连通性。该方法通过计算相邻站点间的Beta多样性指数来综合估算生物连通性综合指数(comprehensive index of biological connectivity,CIBC),该值范围0~1,值越大,连通性越好。2023年10月利用eDNA技术成功从长江口上海水域检测出鱼类21目,35科,86属,117种,其中支流的鱼类数量多于干流。Alpha多样性分析显示,支流的鱼类群落丰富度高于干流,但多样性略低于干流。鲤科的CIBC值显示,干流、支流连通性普遍较好。鲴科的CIBC值显示,干流上下游连通性较好。鱊科的CIBC值显示,干流上游连通性较好。虾虎鱼科的CIBC值显示,干流中上游连通性较好。整个鱼类群落的CIBC值显示,干流连通性较好,仅下游接近长江口处连通性较差,支流的连通性变化较大,干流的整体连通性优于支流。本研究方法可为研究陆海连续体连通性提供新的思路,并有助于长江口生态廊道的生态修复与综合管理。
文摘为解析长江口洄游性、海洋性与河口性三类仔稚鱼生境分布的环境驱动因子,根据2022年9月(夏季)、2023年4月(春季)长江口仔稚鱼采样数据,采用最大熵(Maximum entropy,MaxEnt)模型分析凤鲚(Coilia mystus,洄游性)、鳀(Engraulis japonicus,海洋性)和香䲗(Callionymus olidus,河口性)的生境分布特征及其环境驱动机制。结果表明,长江口南支的海表面温度、pH、营养盐高于北支,而北支的海表面盐度、叶绿素高于南支;MaxEnt模型对这3种仔稚鱼生境分布具有较强的预测能力[曲线下面积(Area under the curve,AUC)>0.8],且春季略优于夏季;影响凤鲚和香䲗春、夏季生境分布的关键因子均为海表面溶解氧(相对贡献率分别为80.8%、86.6%和39.8%、30.2%),而鳀为海表面盐度(分别为44.0%和79.0%)。不同生态类型仔稚鱼的生境特征及其关键环境因子存在显著差异,导致其早期生活史阶段的补充过程对环境变化的响应呈现种间特异性。因此,长江口仔稚鱼资源的保护需针对不同生态类型鱼类的生物学特性及栖息地需求,制定差异化的保护策略。
