This paper introduces the conception of open complex giant system and the methodology for dealing with the system, with stress on its profound significance in development of science and technology. The authors conclud...This paper introduces the conception of open complex giant system and the methodology for dealing with the system, with stress on its profound significance in development of science and technology. The authors conclude that the reductionism underlying the exact science is not suitable to open complex giant system, and the only feasible alternative is the meta-synthetic engineering from the qualitative to the quantitative.展开更多
I firmly believe that of systems engineering is the requirement-driven force for the progress ofsoftware engineering, artificial intelligence and electronic technologies. The development ofsoftware engineering, artifi...I firmly believe that of systems engineering is the requirement-driven force for the progress ofsoftware engineering, artificial intelligence and electronic technologies. The development ofsoftware engineering, artificial intelligence and electronic technologies is the technical supportfor the progress of systems engineering. INTEGRATION can be considered as "bridging" the ex-isting technologies and the People together into a coordinated SYSTEM.展开更多
In the last decade and more, systems engineering and systems sciencehave been rapidly developed and applied in China. Scientists and ex-perts involved have achieved remarkable successes both in developingtheories of s...In the last decade and more, systems engineering and systems sciencehave been rapidly developed and applied in China. Scientists and ex-perts involved have achieved remarkable successes both in developingtheories of systems science and in promoting applications of systemsengineering. In theories, they not only have advanced a clear and com-展开更多
The fuzzy integration evaluation method （FIEM） is studied in order to select the best orbital elements from the multi-group initial orbits determined by a satellite TT＆C （Tracking, Telemetry and Control） center w...The fuzzy integration evaluation method （FIEM） is studied in order to select the best orbital elements from the multi-group initial orbits determined by a satellite TT＆C （Tracking, Telemetry and Control） center with all kinds of data sources. By employing FIEM together with the experience of TT＆C experts, the index system to evaluate the selection of the best initial orbits is established after the data sources and orbit determination theories are studied. Besides, the concrete steps in employing the method are presented. Moreover, by taking the objects to be evaluated as evaluation experts, the problem of how to generate evaluation matrices is solved. Through practical application, the method to select the best initial orbital elements has been proved to be flexible and effective The originality of the method is to find a new evaluation criterion （comparing the actually tracked orbits） replacing the traditional one （comparing the nominal orbits） for selecting the best orbital elements.展开更多
Various application domains require the integration of distributed real-time or near-real-time systems with non-real-time systems.Smart cities,smart homes,ambient intelligent systems,or network-centric defense systems...Various application domains require the integration of distributed real-time or near-real-time systems with non-real-time systems.Smart cities,smart homes,ambient intelligent systems,or network-centric defense systems are among these application domains.Data Distribution Service(DDS)is a communication mechanism based on Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe(DCPS)model.It is used for distributed systems with real-time operational constraints.Java Message Service(JMS)is a messaging standard for enterprise systems using Service Oriented Architecture(SOA)for non-real-time operations.JMS allows Java programs to exchange messages in a loosely coupled fashion.JMS also supports sending and receiving messages using a messaging queue and a publish-subscribe interface.In this article,we propose an architecture enabling the automated integration of distributed real-time and non-real-time systems.We test our proposed architecture using a distributed Command,Control,Communications,Computers,and Intelligence(C4I)system.The system has DDS-based real-time Combat Management System components deployed to naval warships,and SOA-based non-real-time Command and Control components used at headquarters.The proposed solution enables the exchange of data between these two systems efficiently.We compare the proposed solution with a similar study.Our solution is superior in terms of automation support,ease of implementation,scalability,and performance.展开更多
In this paper, the exact Bayesian limits, taking conjugate and noninformative prior distribution, and the exact fiducial limits for the mean of the lognormal distribution are presented. They can be found iteratively b...In this paper, the exact Bayesian limits, taking conjugate and noninformative prior distribution, and the exact fiducial limits for the mean of the lognormal distribution are presented. They can be found iteratively by one-dimension integral on a finite interval. The new algorithm is very convenient and with high accuracy. It can meet the practical engineering need excellently. However, the primitive algorithm is rather cumbersome. By the way, the very close approximate limits with a simple algorithm are derived. They can be applied immediately to engineering. Otherwise, they can also be used as a search interval to find the root of equation for the exact limits.展开更多
近年来全球地质工程学科的发展取得了一系列的进步,文献计量分析可以定量化地分析地质工程领域的科研产出和发展趋势,为中国未来地质工程的研究提供参考。本文利用Web of Science(Wo S)数据库中的核心合集,在2018年5月7日检索近10 a来(2...近年来全球地质工程学科的发展取得了一系列的进步,文献计量分析可以定量化地分析地质工程领域的科研产出和发展趋势,为中国未来地质工程的研究提供参考。本文利用Web of Science(Wo S)数据库中的核心合集,在2018年5月7日检索近10 a来(2008~2017)有关地质工程的期刊研究论文,并采用VOSviewer软件对获取的27 025篇文献信息进行分析。结果表明:(1)过去10 a间期刊论文数量迅速增长,中国是地质工程研究最活跃的国家,且与其他国家的合作相对更多。(2)标题和摘要中的高频术语显示近10 a来地质工程总体的研究范围保持不变,且在逐步拓宽研究领域。(3)地质工程研究发文量前10的机构中,来自中国的研究机构有5个,且与全球其他机构合作最多。在13位高发文作者中,一共有7位研究者来自中国。中国的Ng C W W和加拿大的Rowe R K发文量位居第一,但是中国科研机构和中国研究者的h-index相对较低。(4)期刊Engineering Geology的总发文量最多,为1860篇;截止统计日期,影响因子最高的期刊为Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,影响因子为2.905。本文首次采用文献计量手段分析地质工程的研究进展以及科学交流情况,以期为中国未来地质工程学科的发展提供参考。展开更多
本文采用案例分析的方法,对数字图书馆知识整合模式进行研究。以Web of Science知识整合系统为例,介绍知识整合的发展,并给出知识整合的涵义,通过对Web ofScience知识整合模式以及现有的其他知识整合模式的比较分析,得出结论:基于知识...本文采用案例分析的方法,对数字图书馆知识整合模式进行研究。以Web of Science知识整合系统为例,介绍知识整合的发展,并给出知识整合的涵义,通过对Web ofScience知识整合模式以及现有的其他知识整合模式的比较分析,得出结论:基于知识本体的知识整合模式是未来的发展方向。展开更多
For deep tunnel projects,selecting an appropriate initial support distance is critical to improving the self-supporting capacity of surrounding rock.In this work,an intuitive method for determining the tunnel’s initi...For deep tunnel projects,selecting an appropriate initial support distance is critical to improving the self-supporting capacity of surrounding rock.In this work,an intuitive method for determining the tunnel’s initial support distance was proposed.First,based on the convergence-confinement method,a three-dimensional analytical model was constructed by combining an analytical solution of a non-circular tunnel with the Tecplot software.Then,according to the integral failure criteria of rock,the failure tendency coefficients of hard surrounding rock were computed and the spatial distribution plots of that were constructed.On this basis,the tunnel’s key failure positions were identified,and the relationship between the failure tendency coefficient at key failure positions and their distances from the working face was established.Finally,the distance from the working face that corresponds to the critical failure tendency coefficient was taken as the optimal support distance.A practical project was used as an example,and a reasonable initial support distance was successfully determined by applying the developed method.Moreover,it is found that the stability of hard surrounding rock decreases rapidly within the range of 1.0D(D is the tunnel diameter)from the working face,and tends to be stable outside the range of 1.0D.展开更多
为直观和系统地了解微塑料在环境领域的研究进展和发展趋势,利用HistCite引文图谱分析软件和VOSviewer可视化分析软件为分析工具,对Web of Science核心合集数据库检索库中1998—2020年收录的以microplastic和nanoplastic为主题的2623篇...为直观和系统地了解微塑料在环境领域的研究进展和发展趋势,利用HistCite引文图谱分析软件和VOSviewer可视化分析软件为分析工具,对Web of Science核心合集数据库检索库中1998—2020年收录的以microplastic和nanoplastic为主题的2623篇文献进行文献计量分析。结果显示,1998—2014年我国甚至全球微塑料发文量相对平缓,2014—2020年发文量呈快速增长趋势。发文量排名前三的研究机构均来自于我国,其中中国科学院发文量占研究机构发文总量的21.83%,体现了我国学者对微塑料在环境领域的广泛关注。作者排名TOP 10表中,有7名作者来自英国,期刊TOP 10排名表中有一半的期刊也来源于英国,因此在一定程度上反映了英国对微塑料在环境领域的研究具有较大的影响力。发文量前4的期刊包括Marine Pollution Bulletin、Environmental Pollution、Science of The Total Environment、Environmental Science&Technology。除microplastics外,该领域的高频关键词还包括marineenvironment、pollution、plastic debris、ingestion、accumulation、sediments、particles、sea。由此可见,国内外研究人员对微塑料在环境领域的研究主要集中于水体或海洋生态系统。展开更多
This paper deals with the Self-Increasing-Difficulty system (SIDIS) separated from general systems, with emphasis on the relevant methodology based on the Spiral Combining Propulsion Principle (SPIPRO principle in sho...This paper deals with the Self-Increasing-Difficulty system (SIDIS) separated from general systems, with emphasis on the relevant methodology based on the Spiral Combining Propulsion Principle (SPIPRO principle in short). The system feature and its causative factors are analysed, and the implications and mechanism of the SPIPRO principle are discussed. Finally, the application possibilities of this methodology are illustrated with some examples.展开更多
This paper mainly discusses the following problems: the important meaning and special function of simulation system; the definition, contents and relationship of system and system simulation science; the definition an...This paper mainly discusses the following problems: the important meaning and special function of simulation system; the definition, contents and relationship of system and system simulation science; the definition and technology of simulation system and its equipments; and systematic description and exploration in relation to the developing trend of system simulation science and simulation system technology.展开更多
Integrated standardization is one of the fundamenta l forms of modern standardization. It is the combination of system science and the content of standardization. The development of system science has provided theo re...Integrated standardization is one of the fundamenta l forms of modern standardization. It is the combination of system science and the content of standardization. The development of system science has provided theo retic foundation and precondition for integrated standardization. The relevant r esearch on integrated standardization and system engineering illustrate that int egrated standardization is a advanced method which presented with the developmen t of modern science and technology . Integrated standardization treat the re levant factors of standardization as a system, and wholly standarlize the factor s in order to reach the best level of technology and quality. Integrated standardization is a large system engineering. In modern industr y the contact among different departments is being constantly enlarged and t he complexity of product is being constantly increased. This situation demands s trict correspond and united request in all the following aspects: raw mate rial, organs, fittings, technical measures of production, preparation for produc tion, ways of organizing the production. The traditional measure which establish the respective standard separately must be replaced by multi-spetialty standa rdization in large spectrum. The current situation and the development of syste m science has provided theoretic foundation and precondition for this kind of st andardization. Product or project can be managed with system engineering of proj ect, while the correspond standardization can be managed with system engineering of standardization. Integrated standardization virtually is system engineering of standardization, w hich use the theory to deal with the problem about standardization . This thesis included 3 chapters: 1. the brief summary of integrated standardization and sys tem engineering management in the development of type in foreign countries; 2. t he current situation and existing problems in the development of products; 3. ho w to organize and actualize integrated standardization and system engineering ma nagement in the development of products.展开更多
文摘This paper introduces the conception of open complex giant system and the methodology for dealing with the system, with stress on its profound significance in development of science and technology. The authors conclude that the reductionism underlying the exact science is not suitable to open complex giant system, and the only feasible alternative is the meta-synthetic engineering from the qualitative to the quantitative.
文摘I firmly believe that of systems engineering is the requirement-driven force for the progress ofsoftware engineering, artificial intelligence and electronic technologies. The development ofsoftware engineering, artificial intelligence and electronic technologies is the technical supportfor the progress of systems engineering. INTEGRATION can be considered as "bridging" the ex-isting technologies and the People together into a coordinated SYSTEM.
文摘In the last decade and more, systems engineering and systems sciencehave been rapidly developed and applied in China. Scientists and ex-perts involved have achieved remarkable successes both in developingtheories of systems science and in promoting applications of systemsengineering. In theories, they not only have advanced a clear and com-
基金This project was supported by the Evaluate Quality of Satellite TT&C Mission(C0112)
文摘The fuzzy integration evaluation method （FIEM） is studied in order to select the best orbital elements from the multi-group initial orbits determined by a satellite TT＆C （Tracking, Telemetry and Control） center with all kinds of data sources. By employing FIEM together with the experience of TT＆C experts, the index system to evaluate the selection of the best initial orbits is established after the data sources and orbit determination theories are studied. Besides, the concrete steps in employing the method are presented. Moreover, by taking the objects to be evaluated as evaluation experts, the problem of how to generate evaluation matrices is solved. Through practical application, the method to select the best initial orbital elements has been proved to be flexible and effective The originality of the method is to find a new evaluation criterion （comparing the actually tracked orbits） replacing the traditional one （comparing the nominal orbits） for selecting the best orbital elements.
文摘Various application domains require the integration of distributed real-time or near-real-time systems with non-real-time systems.Smart cities,smart homes,ambient intelligent systems,or network-centric defense systems are among these application domains.Data Distribution Service(DDS)is a communication mechanism based on Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe(DCPS)model.It is used for distributed systems with real-time operational constraints.Java Message Service(JMS)is a messaging standard for enterprise systems using Service Oriented Architecture(SOA)for non-real-time operations.JMS allows Java programs to exchange messages in a loosely coupled fashion.JMS also supports sending and receiving messages using a messaging queue and a publish-subscribe interface.In this article,we propose an architecture enabling the automated integration of distributed real-time and non-real-time systems.We test our proposed architecture using a distributed Command,Control,Communications,Computers,and Intelligence(C4I)system.The system has DDS-based real-time Combat Management System components deployed to naval warships,and SOA-based non-real-time Command and Control components used at headquarters.The proposed solution enables the exchange of data between these two systems efficiently.We compare the proposed solution with a similar study.Our solution is superior in terms of automation support,ease of implementation,scalability,and performance.
文摘In this paper, the exact Bayesian limits, taking conjugate and noninformative prior distribution, and the exact fiducial limits for the mean of the lognormal distribution are presented. They can be found iteratively by one-dimension integral on a finite interval. The new algorithm is very convenient and with high accuracy. It can meet the practical engineering need excellently. However, the primitive algorithm is rather cumbersome. By the way, the very close approximate limits with a simple algorithm are derived. They can be applied immediately to engineering. Otherwise, they can also be used as a search interval to find the root of equation for the exact limits.
文摘近年来全球地质工程学科的发展取得了一系列的进步,文献计量分析可以定量化地分析地质工程领域的科研产出和发展趋势,为中国未来地质工程的研究提供参考。本文利用Web of Science(Wo S)数据库中的核心合集,在2018年5月7日检索近10 a来(2008~2017)有关地质工程的期刊研究论文,并采用VOSviewer软件对获取的27 025篇文献信息进行分析。结果表明:(1)过去10 a间期刊论文数量迅速增长,中国是地质工程研究最活跃的国家,且与其他国家的合作相对更多。(2)标题和摘要中的高频术语显示近10 a来地质工程总体的研究范围保持不变,且在逐步拓宽研究领域。(3)地质工程研究发文量前10的机构中,来自中国的研究机构有5个,且与全球其他机构合作最多。在13位高发文作者中,一共有7位研究者来自中国。中国的Ng C W W和加拿大的Rowe R K发文量位居第一,但是中国科研机构和中国研究者的h-index相对较低。(4)期刊Engineering Geology的总发文量最多,为1860篇;截止统计日期,影响因子最高的期刊为Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,影响因子为2.905。本文首次采用文献计量手段分析地质工程的研究进展以及科学交流情况,以期为中国未来地质工程学科的发展提供参考。
基金Project(2021JLM-49) supported by Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi-Joint Fund of Hanjiang to Weihe River Valley Water Diversion Project,ChinaProject(42077248) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘For deep tunnel projects,selecting an appropriate initial support distance is critical to improving the self-supporting capacity of surrounding rock.In this work,an intuitive method for determining the tunnel’s initial support distance was proposed.First,based on the convergence-confinement method,a three-dimensional analytical model was constructed by combining an analytical solution of a non-circular tunnel with the Tecplot software.Then,according to the integral failure criteria of rock,the failure tendency coefficients of hard surrounding rock were computed and the spatial distribution plots of that were constructed.On this basis,the tunnel’s key failure positions were identified,and the relationship between the failure tendency coefficient at key failure positions and their distances from the working face was established.Finally,the distance from the working face that corresponds to the critical failure tendency coefficient was taken as the optimal support distance.A practical project was used as an example,and a reasonable initial support distance was successfully determined by applying the developed method.Moreover,it is found that the stability of hard surrounding rock decreases rapidly within the range of 1.0D(D is the tunnel diameter)from the working face,and tends to be stable outside the range of 1.0D.
文摘为直观和系统地了解微塑料在环境领域的研究进展和发展趋势,利用HistCite引文图谱分析软件和VOSviewer可视化分析软件为分析工具,对Web of Science核心合集数据库检索库中1998—2020年收录的以microplastic和nanoplastic为主题的2623篇文献进行文献计量分析。结果显示,1998—2014年我国甚至全球微塑料发文量相对平缓,2014—2020年发文量呈快速增长趋势。发文量排名前三的研究机构均来自于我国,其中中国科学院发文量占研究机构发文总量的21.83%,体现了我国学者对微塑料在环境领域的广泛关注。作者排名TOP 10表中,有7名作者来自英国,期刊TOP 10排名表中有一半的期刊也来源于英国,因此在一定程度上反映了英国对微塑料在环境领域的研究具有较大的影响力。发文量前4的期刊包括Marine Pollution Bulletin、Environmental Pollution、Science of The Total Environment、Environmental Science&Technology。除microplastics外,该领域的高频关键词还包括marineenvironment、pollution、plastic debris、ingestion、accumulation、sediments、particles、sea。由此可见,国内外研究人员对微塑料在环境领域的研究主要集中于水体或海洋生态系统。
文摘This paper deals with the Self-Increasing-Difficulty system (SIDIS) separated from general systems, with emphasis on the relevant methodology based on the Spiral Combining Propulsion Principle (SPIPRO principle in short). The system feature and its causative factors are analysed, and the implications and mechanism of the SPIPRO principle are discussed. Finally, the application possibilities of this methodology are illustrated with some examples.
文摘This paper mainly discusses the following problems: the important meaning and special function of simulation system; the definition, contents and relationship of system and system simulation science; the definition and technology of simulation system and its equipments; and systematic description and exploration in relation to the developing trend of system simulation science and simulation system technology.
文摘Integrated standardization is one of the fundamenta l forms of modern standardization. It is the combination of system science and the content of standardization. The development of system science has provided theo retic foundation and precondition for integrated standardization. The relevant r esearch on integrated standardization and system engineering illustrate that int egrated standardization is a advanced method which presented with the developmen t of modern science and technology . Integrated standardization treat the re levant factors of standardization as a system, and wholly standarlize the factor s in order to reach the best level of technology and quality. Integrated standardization is a large system engineering. In modern industr y the contact among different departments is being constantly enlarged and t he complexity of product is being constantly increased. This situation demands s trict correspond and united request in all the following aspects: raw mate rial, organs, fittings, technical measures of production, preparation for produc tion, ways of organizing the production. The traditional measure which establish the respective standard separately must be replaced by multi-spetialty standa rdization in large spectrum. The current situation and the development of syste m science has provided theoretic foundation and precondition for this kind of st andardization. Product or project can be managed with system engineering of proj ect, while the correspond standardization can be managed with system engineering of standardization. Integrated standardization virtually is system engineering of standardization, w hich use the theory to deal with the problem about standardization . This thesis included 3 chapters: 1. the brief summary of integrated standardization and sys tem engineering management in the development of type in foreign countries; 2. t he current situation and existing problems in the development of products; 3. ho w to organize and actualize integrated standardization and system engineering ma nagement in the development of products.
