In this study,endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress inducer tunicamycin(TM)and inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid(4-PBA)were used to treat postmortem chicken breast muscle to investigate changes in tenderness and effects on apo...In this study,endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress inducer tunicamycin(TM)and inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid(4-PBA)were used to treat postmortem chicken breast muscle to investigate changes in tenderness and effects on apoptosis and autophagy during 5 days ageing.TM-induced ER stress reduced shear force,enhanced myofibril fragmentation index(MFI),disrupted myofibril structure,increased desmin degradation,and activatedμ-calpain and caspase-12.In addition,TM-induced ER stress increased the expression of Bax,Bim,and cytochrome c,and decreased the expression of Bcl-x L.Furthermore,TM-induced ER stress improved the conversion of LC3I to LC3II,raised the expression of Beclin-1,and decreased the expression of p62,PI3K,and m TOR.The opposite results were observed after 4-PBA treatment.These results suggested that ER stress could improve chicken tenderness,promote apoptosis and autophagy during chicken postmortem ageing.展开更多
Aging is a popular method used by meat industry for improving the sensory attributes of meat.Despite the advent of many novel technologies,aging has not lost its charm and is still widely used commercially as a post-m...Aging is a popular method used by meat industry for improving the sensory attributes of meat.Despite the advent of many novel technologies,aging has not lost its charm and is still widely used commercially as a post-mortem intervention for tenderization.Aging improves the tenderness of meat through disruption of the muscle structure by intracellular proteolytic systems.Muscles undergo various molecular changes that cause proteolysis of key myofibrillar and cytoskeletal proteins,disrupting the overall integrity of muscle cells.Although several endogenous proteolytic systems are capable of post-mortem proteolysis,a great body of scientific evidence supports a major role for the calpain system.Calpains are intracellular calcium-dependent cysteine proteases found in most eukaryotes.At least three calpains(μ-and m-calpains and calpain 3)and calpastatin,their specific endogenous inhibitor,are found in muscle.They are known to be involved in the proteolysis of functionally relevant structural proteins such as the myofibrillar proteins and cytoskeletal anchorage complexes.These ubiquitous proteases are also present in mitochondria and play important roles in a variety of pathophysiological conditions including apoptotic and necrotic cell death phenomena.This review discusses the role and contribution of the calpain system and the factors that influence calpain activity during aging.展开更多
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chilling rate on porcine meat quality from the perspective of proteome using data independent acquisition(DIA)-based quantitative proteomic strategy. M. longi...The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chilling rate on porcine meat quality from the perspective of proteome using data independent acquisition(DIA)-based quantitative proteomic strategy. M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum(n = 9) was assigned randomly to the control group(3.72 ℃/h), very fast chilling-Ⅰ group(VFC-Ⅰ, 9.31℃/h) and VFC-Ⅱ group(14.43 ℃/h). The DIA was used to analyze the difference in proteins under different chilling rates. Results showed that tenderness was improved significantly in meat at the chilling rate of 14.43 ℃/h. Seventy-nine differential abundant proteins(fold change > 1.5, P < 0.05), including 46 up-regulated and 33 down-regulated proteins, were identified and mainly involved in carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and proteasome pathways. These pathways indicated that VFC delayed cell metabolism and glycolysis by down-regulating the expression of metabolic enzymes. The tenderness was improved by up-regulating the expression of proteasome and m-calpain.展开更多
Traveling is one major theme of Fitzgerald's novel Tender Is the Night. This fashionable activity for the 1920 s Americans is represented in the novel as ostensibly bearing different meanings to the main character...Traveling is one major theme of Fitzgerald's novel Tender Is the Night. This fashionable activity for the 1920 s Americans is represented in the novel as ostensibly bearing different meanings to the main characters, but a deeper look would reveal that it is unanimously resorted to as a weapon against the spiritual barrenness caused by the cult of business, and more importantly, as a way to the experience of rootedness.展开更多
The possibility and rationality of introducing an bid-winning estimate based on a reasonable low price into construction bidding mode with bill of quantities were analyzed by setting up a model for bidding and tenderi...The possibility and rationality of introducing an bid-winning estimate based on a reasonable low price into construction bidding mode with bill of quantities were analyzed by setting up a model for bidding and tendering, and the functions of the estimate of reasonable low price in the bidding were revealed. On this basis, a new bidding mode of the project with bill of quantities was pro- posed. The application of the new mode will be advantageous to the promotion of the bill of quantities in China.展开更多
1. A butterfly (蝴蝶): ’Although people realize that both of usare harmful insects, they admire my beautiful coat very much. Theyregard me as a flying flower. Instead, you have forgotten weare born of the same sort a...1. A butterfly (蝴蝶): ’Although people realize that both of usare harmful insects, they admire my beautiful coat very much. Theyregard me as a flying flower. Instead, you have forgotten weare born of the same sort and you are always unfriendly to me. Why?’ The mantis (螳螂): ’No matter how irregularly you change展开更多
'Martin, how can you know the age of the hen?' 'It is okey according to teeth.' 'But, hens have no teeth.''We human beings have. If the meat tastes tender, it is a young hen; if the meat ca...'Martin, how can you know the age of the hen?' 'It is okey according to teeth.' 'But, hens have no teeth.''We human beings have. If the meat tastes tender, it is a young hen; if the meat can’t easily bitten, it is an old hen.'展开更多
The reporter interviewed Mr.Wu Y aowen on June 21,1994.Mr.Wu,former director of the Department of Energy of State Planning Com-mission,was transferred to CNPC two months ago to form the International Cooperation Burea...The reporter interviewed Mr.Wu Y aowen on June 21,1994.Mr.Wu,former director of the Department of Energy of State Planning Com-mission,was transferred to CNPC two months ago to form the International Cooperation Bureau(ICB)and act as director of ICB and president of China National Oil&Gas Exploration and Development Corporation(CNODC).展开更多
In a school,the class has just begun.The teacher asked a student:“Mart-in,can you tell us how people know the age of hens?”“According to the teeth,sir.”“But hens don’t have any teeth.”“Perhaps hens don’s have...In a school,the class has just begun.The teacher asked a student:“Mart-in,can you tell us how people know the age of hens?”“According to the teeth,sir.”“But hens don’t have any teeth.”“Perhaps hens don’s have any.But I have.If its flesh is tender,the henis young;if the flesh is hard,the hen is old.”(上海高永伟选辑)展开更多
1. Who Goes with Fergus?Who will go drive with Fergus now,And pierce the deep wood’s woven shade.And dance upon the leyel shore?Young man, lift up your russet brow,And lift your tender eyelids, maid,And brood on hope...1. Who Goes with Fergus?Who will go drive with Fergus now,And pierce the deep wood’s woven shade.And dance upon the leyel shore?Young man, lift up your russet brow,And lift your tender eyelids, maid,And brood on hopes and fear no more.And no more turn aside and broodUpon love’s bitter mystery;展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(G32072142,31972099)。
文摘In this study,endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress inducer tunicamycin(TM)and inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid(4-PBA)were used to treat postmortem chicken breast muscle to investigate changes in tenderness and effects on apoptosis and autophagy during 5 days ageing.TM-induced ER stress reduced shear force,enhanced myofibril fragmentation index(MFI),disrupted myofibril structure,increased desmin degradation,and activatedμ-calpain and caspase-12.In addition,TM-induced ER stress increased the expression of Bax,Bim,and cytochrome c,and decreased the expression of Bcl-x L.Furthermore,TM-induced ER stress improved the conversion of LC3I to LC3II,raised the expression of Beclin-1,and decreased the expression of p62,PI3K,and m TOR.The opposite results were observed after 4-PBA treatment.These results suggested that ER stress could improve chicken tenderness,promote apoptosis and autophagy during chicken postmortem ageing.
文摘Aging is a popular method used by meat industry for improving the sensory attributes of meat.Despite the advent of many novel technologies,aging has not lost its charm and is still widely used commercially as a post-mortem intervention for tenderization.Aging improves the tenderness of meat through disruption of the muscle structure by intracellular proteolytic systems.Muscles undergo various molecular changes that cause proteolysis of key myofibrillar and cytoskeletal proteins,disrupting the overall integrity of muscle cells.Although several endogenous proteolytic systems are capable of post-mortem proteolysis,a great body of scientific evidence supports a major role for the calpain system.Calpains are intracellular calcium-dependent cysteine proteases found in most eukaryotes.At least three calpains(μ-and m-calpains and calpain 3)and calpastatin,their specific endogenous inhibitor,are found in muscle.They are known to be involved in the proteolysis of functionally relevant structural proteins such as the myofibrillar proteins and cytoskeletal anchorage complexes.These ubiquitous proteases are also present in mitochondria and play important roles in a variety of pathophysiological conditions including apoptotic and necrotic cell death phenomena.This review discusses the role and contribution of the calpain system and the factors that influence calpain activity during aging.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030086).
文摘The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chilling rate on porcine meat quality from the perspective of proteome using data independent acquisition(DIA)-based quantitative proteomic strategy. M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum(n = 9) was assigned randomly to the control group(3.72 ℃/h), very fast chilling-Ⅰ group(VFC-Ⅰ, 9.31℃/h) and VFC-Ⅱ group(14.43 ℃/h). The DIA was used to analyze the difference in proteins under different chilling rates. Results showed that tenderness was improved significantly in meat at the chilling rate of 14.43 ℃/h. Seventy-nine differential abundant proteins(fold change > 1.5, P < 0.05), including 46 up-regulated and 33 down-regulated proteins, were identified and mainly involved in carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and proteasome pathways. These pathways indicated that VFC delayed cell metabolism and glycolysis by down-regulating the expression of metabolic enzymes. The tenderness was improved by up-regulating the expression of proteasome and m-calpain.
文摘Traveling is one major theme of Fitzgerald's novel Tender Is the Night. This fashionable activity for the 1920 s Americans is represented in the novel as ostensibly bearing different meanings to the main characters, but a deeper look would reveal that it is unanimously resorted to as a weapon against the spiritual barrenness caused by the cult of business, and more importantly, as a way to the experience of rootedness.
文摘The possibility and rationality of introducing an bid-winning estimate based on a reasonable low price into construction bidding mode with bill of quantities were analyzed by setting up a model for bidding and tendering, and the functions of the estimate of reasonable low price in the bidding were revealed. On this basis, a new bidding mode of the project with bill of quantities was pro- posed. The application of the new mode will be advantageous to the promotion of the bill of quantities in China.
文摘1. A butterfly (蝴蝶): ’Although people realize that both of usare harmful insects, they admire my beautiful coat very much. Theyregard me as a flying flower. Instead, you have forgotten weare born of the same sort and you are always unfriendly to me. Why?’ The mantis (螳螂): ’No matter how irregularly you change
文摘'Martin, how can you know the age of the hen?' 'It is okey according to teeth.' 'But, hens have no teeth.''We human beings have. If the meat tastes tender, it is a young hen; if the meat can’t easily bitten, it is an old hen.'
文摘The reporter interviewed Mr.Wu Y aowen on June 21,1994.Mr.Wu,former director of the Department of Energy of State Planning Com-mission,was transferred to CNPC two months ago to form the International Cooperation Bureau(ICB)and act as director of ICB and president of China National Oil&Gas Exploration and Development Corporation(CNODC).
文摘In a school,the class has just begun.The teacher asked a student:“Mart-in,can you tell us how people know the age of hens?”“According to the teeth,sir.”“But hens don’t have any teeth.”“Perhaps hens don’s have any.But I have.If its flesh is tender,the henis young;if the flesh is hard,the hen is old.”(上海高永伟选辑)
文摘1. Who Goes with Fergus?Who will go drive with Fergus now,And pierce the deep wood’s woven shade.And dance upon the leyel shore?Young man, lift up your russet brow,And lift your tender eyelids, maid,And brood on hopes and fear no more.And no more turn aside and broodUpon love’s bitter mystery;
