In order to survey the infectious situation of canine coronavirus (CCV) in giant panda population, a virus neutralization test detecting specific antibodies against CCV in giant panda抯 sera was established by using t...In order to survey the infectious situation of canine coronavirus (CCV) in giant panda population, a virus neutralization test detecting specific antibodies against CCV in giant panda抯 sera was established by using two-fold dilutions of serum and 100 TCID50 of the virus. The 62 sera samples of giant pandas, which were gathered from zoos and reserve region of Sichuan Province, China were detected. The neutralization antibody titer of 1:4 was recognized as the positive criterion, 8 sera samples were detected to be positive, and the positive rate was 12.9%. The titers of neutralizing antibody ranged from 1:8 to 1:32. It was the first comprehensive investigation on neutralization antibodies against CCV in giant panda population in China. The results of study showed that the infection of CCV in giant panda population was universal, which has posed a threat to the health of giant panda. Therefore, it is incumbent on us to study safe and effective vaccines to protect giant panda against CCV infection.展开更多
The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic emerged in Wuhan,China,spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020.The implementation of unprecedented strict quaran...The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic emerged in Wuhan,China,spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020.The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people's lives.It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems,such as panic disorder,anxiety and depression.This study is the first nationwide largescale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic.展开更多
The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic emerged in Wuhan,China,spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020.The implementation of unprecedented strict quaran...The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic emerged in Wuhan,China,spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020.The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people’s lives.It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems,such as panic disorder,anxiety and depression.This study is the first nationwide largescale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic.展开更多
Joint radar and communication(JRC)technology has become important for civil and military applications for decades.This paper introduces the concepts,characteristics and advantages of JRC technology,presenting the typi...Joint radar and communication(JRC)technology has become important for civil and military applications for decades.This paper introduces the concepts,characteristics and advantages of JRC technology,presenting the typical applications that have benefited from JRC technology currently and in the future.This paper explores the state-of-the-art of JRC in the levels of coexistence,cooperation,co-design and collaboration.Compared to previous surveys,this paper reviews the entire trends that drive the development of radar sensing and wireless communication using JRC.Specifically,we explore an open research issue on radar and communication operating with mutual benefits based on collaboration,which represents the fourth stage of JRC evolution.This paper provides useful perspectives for future researches of JRC technology.展开更多
The laser technology has made remarkable progress over the past couple of decades.It is being widely employed in diverse domains,such as holography,space sciences,spectroscopy,medical sciences,micro and power electron...The laser technology has made remarkable progress over the past couple of decades.It is being widely employed in diverse domains,such as holography,space sciences,spectroscopy,medical sciences,micro and power electronics,industrial engineering,and most distinctively,as directed energy military weapons.Owing to their active transmissions,laser systems are similar to microwave radars to some extent;however,unlike conventional radars,the laser operates at very high frequencies thus making it a potent enabler of narrow-beam and high energy aerial deployments,both in offensive and defensive roles.In modern avionics systems,laser target indicators and beam riders are the most common devices that are used to direct the Laser Guided Weapons(LGW)accurately to the ground targets.Additionally,compact size and outstanding angular resolution of laser-based systems motivate their use for drones and unmanned aerial applications.Moreover,the narrow-beam divergence of laser emissions offers a low probability of intercept,making it a suitable contender for secure transmissions and safety-critical operations.Furthermore,the developments in space sciences and laser technology have given synergistic potential outcomes to use laser systems in space operations.This paper comprehensively reviews laser applications and projects for strategic defense actions on the ground or in space.Additionally,a detailed analysis has been done on recent advancements of the laser technology for target indicators and range-finders.It also reviews the advancements in the field of laser communications for surveillance,its earlier state of the art,and ongoing scientific research and advancements in the domain of high energy directed laser weapons that have revolutionized the evolving military battlefield.Besides offering a comprehensive taxonomy,the paper also critically analyzes some of the recent contributions in the associated domains.展开更多
Sound transportation infrastructure is critical for economic development and sustainability. Pavement condition is a primary concern among agencies of the roadway infrastructure. Automation has become possible in rece...Sound transportation infrastructure is critical for economic development and sustainability. Pavement condition is a primary concern among agencies of the roadway infrastructure. Automation has become possible in recent years on collecting data and producing results for certain aspects of pavement performance, while challenges remain in several other categories, such as automated cracking survey. This paper reviews the technological advances on automated survey of pavements, and discusses the most recent breakthroughs by the team led by the author in using 3D laser imaging for capturing 1 mm surface images of pavements.展开更多
Background Combinations of coronary heart disease(CHD) and other chronic conditions complicate clinical management and increase healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate gender-specific relationships bet...Background Combinations of coronary heart disease(CHD) and other chronic conditions complicate clinical management and increase healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate gender-specific relationships between CHD and other comorbidities. Methods We analyzed data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey(DEGS1), a national survey of 8152 adults aged 18-79 years. Female and male participants with self-reported CHD were compared for 23 chronic medical conditions. Regression models were applied to determine potential associations between CHD and these 23 conditions. Results The prevalence of CHD was 9%(547 participants): 34%(185) were female CHD participants and 66%(362) male. In women, CHD was associated with hypertension(OR = 3.28(1.81-5.9)), lipid disorders(OR = 2.40(1.50-3.83)), diabetes mellitus(OR = 2.08(1.24-3.50)), kidney disease(OR = 2.66(1.101-6.99)), thyroid disease(OR = 1.81(1.18-2.79)), gout/high uric acid levels(OR = 2.08(1.22-3.56)) and osteoporosis(OR = 1.69(1.01-2.84)). In men, CHD patients were more likely to have hypertension(OR = 2.80(1.94-4.04)), diabetes mellitus(OR = 1.87(1.29-2.71)), lipid disorder(OR = 1.82(1.34-2.47)), and chronic kidney disease(OR = 3.28(1.81-5.9)). Conclusion Our analysis revealed two sets of chronic conditions associated with CHD. The first set occurred in both women and men, and comprised known risk factors: hypertension, lipid disorders, kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus. The second set appeared unique to women: thyroid disease, osteoporosis, and gout/high uric acid. Identification of shared and unique gender-related associations between CHD and other conditions provides potential to tailor screening, preventive, and therapeutic options.展开更多
Objective To investigate the feature and frequency of medical emergencies in dental clinics in China and the Methods A survey study was conducted among 2408 dentists who attended continuing educational courses held by...Objective To investigate the feature and frequency of medical emergencies in dental clinics in China and the Methods A survey study was conducted among 2408 dentists who attended continuing educational courses held by Society of Sedation and Analgesia of Chinese Stomatological Association in 18 cities from December 2015 to December 2018.Demographic information of the dentists and the characteristics of medical emergencies they encountered were collected and analyzed.The associated demographic features for dentist experiencing medical emergencies were analyzed by logistic regression model.Results A total of 2013 dentists provided valid responses and reported 2923 events of medical emergencies in dental clinics.Among them,85.0%reported that they had encountered medical emergencies,and 35.5%had encountered at least twice.Syncope(35.9%)and hypoglycemia(30.3%)were the most common reported medical emergencies.Medical emergencies were most likely to occur during local anesthesia(49.9%),out-patient oral surgery(25.9%),and root canal treatment(11.3%).There were 6 patients(0.2%)died in emergencies.84.0%dentists reported that they had never received training courses about medical emergency management in dentistry other than Basic Life Support.Longer practicing time(10-15 years)(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.41-0.85,P=0.004),working in private dental facilities(OR=1.69,95%CI:1.20-2.38,P=0.003)were associated with an increased risk of experiencing medical emergencies.Conclusion More efforts are needed in prevention,early identification,and timely management of medical emergencies in dental clinics in order to prevent fatal outcomes.The results of this survey are useful information for re-designing emergency training courses for Chinese dentists.展开更多
Hemorrhage is the leading cause of combat deaths,which is a primary lesson learned from modern warfare.[1]If temporary hemostasis is not available,the mortality of non-compressible torso hemorrhage(NCTH),a potentially...Hemorrhage is the leading cause of combat deaths,which is a primary lesson learned from modern warfare.[1]If temporary hemostasis is not available,the mortality of non-compressible torso hemorrhage(NCTH),a potentially preventable death(PPD),is as high as 85.5%.[2]展开更多
BACKGROUND:Many controversies still exist regarding ventilator parameters during cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR).This study aimed to investigate the CPR ventilation strategies currently being used among physicians ...BACKGROUND:Many controversies still exist regarding ventilator parameters during cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR).This study aimed to investigate the CPR ventilation strategies currently being used among physicians in Chinese tertiary hospitals.METHODS:A survey was conducted among the cardiac arrest team physicians of 500 tertiary hospitals in China in August,2018.Surveyed data included physician and hospital information,and preferred ventilation strategy during CPR.RESULTS:A total of 438(88%)hospitals completed the survey,including hospitals from all 31 Chinese mainland provinces.About 41.1%of respondents chose delayed or no ventilation during CPR,with delayed ventilations all starting within 12 minutes.Of all the respondents who provided ventilation,83.0%chose to strictly follow the 30:2 strategy,while 17.0%chose ventilations concurrently with uninterrupted compressions.Only 38.3%respondents chose to intubate after initiating CPR,while 61.7%chose to intubate immediately when resuscitation began.During bagvalve-mask ventilation,only 51.4%of respondents delivered a frequency of 10 breaths per minute.In terms of ventilator settings,the majority of respondents chose volume control(VC)mode(75.2%),tidal volume of 6–7 mL/kg(72.1%),PEEP of 0–5 cmH2O(69.9%),and an FiO2 of 100%(66.9%).However,62.0%of respondents had mistriggers after setting the ventilator,and 51.8%had high pressure alarms.CONCLUSION:There is a great amount of variability in CPR ventilation strategies among cardiac arrest team physicians in Chinese tertiary hospitals.Guidelines are needed with specific recommendations on ventilation during CPR.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to improve the monitoring speed and precision of fractional vegetation cover (fc). It mainly focuses on fc estimation when fcmax and fcmin are not approximately equal to 100% and 0%, res...The objective of this paper is to improve the monitoring speed and precision of fractional vegetation cover (fc). It mainly focuses on fc estimation when fcmax and fcmin are not approximately equal to 100% and 0%, respectively due to using remote sensing image with medium or low spatial resolution. Meanwhile, we present a new method of fc estimation based on a random set of fc maximum and minimum values from digital camera (DC) survey data and a di- midiate pixel model. The results show that this is a convenient, efficient and accurate method for fc monitoring, with the maximum error -0.172 and correlation coefficient of 0.974 between DC survey data and the estimated value of the remote sensing model. The remaining DC survey data can be used as verification data for the precision of the fc estimation. In general, the estimation of fc based on DC survey data and a remote sensing model is a brand-new development trend and deserves further extensive utilization.展开更多
Four future missions for deep space exploration and future space-based exoplanet surveys on habitable planets by 2030 are scheduled to be launched.Two Mars exploration missions are designed to investigate geological s...Four future missions for deep space exploration and future space-based exoplanet surveys on habitable planets by 2030 are scheduled to be launched.Two Mars exploration missions are designed to investigate geological structure,the material on Martian surface,and retrieve returned samples.The asteroids and main belt comet exploration is expected to explore two objects within 10 years.The small-body mission will aim to land on the asteroid and get samples return to Earth.The basic physical characteristics of the two objects will be obtained through the mission.The exploration of Jupiter system will characterize the environment of Jupiter and the four largest Moons and understand the atmosphere of Jupiter.In addition,we further introduce two space-based exoplanet survey by 2030,Miyin Program and Closeby Habitable Exoplanet Survey(CHES Mission).Miyin program aims to detect habitable exoplanets using interferometry,while CHES mission expects to discover habitable exoplanets orbiting FGK stars within 10 pc through astrometry.The above-mentioned missions are positively to achieve breakthroughs in the field of planetary science.展开更多
BACKGROUND: In Iran, few studies have evaluated emergency medicine as a career option. In the present study, we aimed to find out how Iranian emergency-medicine specialists view their specialty as a career.METHODS: Fo...BACKGROUND: In Iran, few studies have evaluated emergency medicine as a career option. In the present study, we aimed to find out how Iranian emergency-medicine specialists view their specialty as a career.METHODS: Following a qualitative study, a Likert-scale questionnaire was developed. Iranian emergency physician specialists who had at least two years' job experience were contacted via email. A uniform link to a Web-based survey and a cover letter that explained the survey were sent to the recipients. We used the Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc analysis to determine the differences between demographic subgroups.RESULTS: A total of 109 eligible responses were received, a response rate of 72.63%. Of the responders, 57.8% were 30–40 years of age, 86.2% were male, 86.2% were single, 84.4% were faculty members and 90.8% had fewer than 10 years' job experience. The main problems occurring during the career of Iranian emergency physicians were: insuffi cient income, inadequate recognition of the specialty by the community, inadequate union support, insecurity in the emergency wards, overcrowding, job stresses and night shifts. Despite insufficiency of income, Iranian emergency physicians(EPs) did not care about the financial benefits of patient care. Academic activity had positive effects on the perspectives of Iranian emergency physicians regarding their careers.CONCLUSION: Iranian emergency physicians and leaders in emergency medicine should struggle to improve the present situation, aiming at an ideal state.展开更多
Objective Sub-health status has progressively gained more attention from both medical professionals and the publics. Treating the number of sub-health symptoms as count data rather than dichotomous data helps to compl...Objective Sub-health status has progressively gained more attention from both medical professionals and the publics. Treating the number of sub-health symptoms as count data rather than dichotomous data helps to completely and accurately analyze findings in sub-healthy population. This study aims to compare the goodness of fit for count outcome models to identify the optimum model for sub-health study.Methods The sample of the study derived from a large-scale population survey on physiological and psychological constants from 2007 to 2011 in 4 provinces and 2 autonomous regions in China. We constructed four count outcome models using SAS: Poisson model, negative binomial (NB) model, zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model. The number of sub-health symptoms was used as the main outcome measure. The alpha dispersion parameter and O test were used to identify over-dispersed data, and Vuong test was used to evaluate the excessive zero count. The goodness of fit of regression models were determined by predictive probability curves and statistics of likelihood ratio test.Results Of all 78 307 respondents, 38.53% reported no sub-health symptoms. The mean number of sub-health symptoms was 2.98, and the standard deviation was 3.72. The statistic O in over-dispersion test was 720.995 (P<0.001); the estimated alpha was 0.618 (95% CI: 0.600-0.636) comparing ZINB model and ZIP model; Vuong test statistic Z was 45.487. These results indicated over-dispersion of the data and excessive zero counts in this sub-health study. ZINB model had the largest log likelihood (-167 519), the smallest Akaike’s Information Criterion coefficient (335 112) and the smallest Bayesian information criterion coefficient (335455),indicating its best goodness of fit. The predictive probabilities for most counts in ZINB model fitted the observed counts best. The logit section of ZINB model analysis showed that age, sex, occupation, smoking, alcohol drinking, ethnicity and obesity were determinants for presence of sub-health symptoms; the binomial negative section of ZINB model analysis showed that sex, occupation, smoking, alcohol drinking, ethnicity, marital status and obesity had significant effect on the severity of sub-health.Conclusions All tests for goodness of fit and the predictive probability curve produced the same finding that ZINB model was the optimum model for exploring the influencing factors of sub-health symptoms.展开更多
A soitable data model and data structure make underground survey objects maintained and operated easier. This paper gives a formal definition for underground survey objects. By making use of the quotient topological s...A soitable data model and data structure make underground survey objects maintained and operated easier. This paper gives a formal definition for underground survey objects. By making use of the quotient topological space, the author studies the logical relations among underground survey objects, a partiallyordered space uuder some conditions. An example is given to show the data model’s possible applications.展开更多
Winter bamboo shoots are widely used in Asian cuisine. We surveyed growth depth （tail depth and root depth）, harvest speed, and harvest processes to provide information for developing new harvest technology. The tai...Winter bamboo shoots are widely used in Asian cuisine. We surveyed growth depth （tail depth and root depth）, harvest speed, and harvest processes to provide information for developing new harvest technology. The tail depth of most winter bamboo shoots was 100 350 mm below the soil surface, and the root depth was 200 500 mm below the soil surface. Most winter bamboo shoots were difficult to locate with only the naked eye. The digging depth was 200 500 mm to cut winter bamboo shoots from the root. The highest harvest rate was 7.75 times faster than the slowest one and the average harvest speed ratio of men： women was about 1.71：1. The harvest process of winter bamboo shoots was divisible into three steps： searching, digging a hole （around the shoot） and cutting the root. The ratio of searching time to the sum of digging and cutting time was about 8：1, showing that searching required more time than digging and cutting together.展开更多
基金This research was supported by National Science Founda-tion of China (No. 30000123) and Conversation Department of Wildlife Ani-mal & Plants of State Forestry Bureau.
文摘In order to survey the infectious situation of canine coronavirus (CCV) in giant panda population, a virus neutralization test detecting specific antibodies against CCV in giant panda抯 sera was established by using two-fold dilutions of serum and 100 TCID50 of the virus. The 62 sera samples of giant pandas, which were gathered from zoos and reserve region of Sichuan Province, China were detected. The neutralization antibody titer of 1:4 was recognized as the positive criterion, 8 sera samples were detected to be positive, and the positive rate was 12.9%. The titers of neutralizing antibody ranged from 1:8 to 1:32. It was the first comprehensive investigation on neutralization antibodies against CCV in giant panda population in China. The results of study showed that the infection of CCV in giant panda population was universal, which has posed a threat to the health of giant panda. Therefore, it is incumbent on us to study safe and effective vaccines to protect giant panda against CCV infection.
文摘The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic emerged in Wuhan,China,spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020.The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people's lives.It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems,such as panic disorder,anxiety and depression.This study is the first nationwide largescale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic.
文摘The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic emerged in Wuhan,China,spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020.The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people’s lives.It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems,such as panic disorder,anxiety and depression.This study is the first nationwide largescale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61631003, 61601055)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 61525101)
文摘Joint radar and communication(JRC)technology has become important for civil and military applications for decades.This paper introduces the concepts,characteristics and advantages of JRC technology,presenting the typical applications that have benefited from JRC technology currently and in the future.This paper explores the state-of-the-art of JRC in the levels of coexistence,cooperation,co-design and collaboration.Compared to previous surveys,this paper reviews the entire trends that drive the development of radar sensing and wireless communication using JRC.Specifically,we explore an open research issue on radar and communication operating with mutual benefits based on collaboration,which represents the fourth stage of JRC evolution.This paper provides useful perspectives for future researches of JRC technology.
文摘The laser technology has made remarkable progress over the past couple of decades.It is being widely employed in diverse domains,such as holography,space sciences,spectroscopy,medical sciences,micro and power electronics,industrial engineering,and most distinctively,as directed energy military weapons.Owing to their active transmissions,laser systems are similar to microwave radars to some extent;however,unlike conventional radars,the laser operates at very high frequencies thus making it a potent enabler of narrow-beam and high energy aerial deployments,both in offensive and defensive roles.In modern avionics systems,laser target indicators and beam riders are the most common devices that are used to direct the Laser Guided Weapons(LGW)accurately to the ground targets.Additionally,compact size and outstanding angular resolution of laser-based systems motivate their use for drones and unmanned aerial applications.Moreover,the narrow-beam divergence of laser emissions offers a low probability of intercept,making it a suitable contender for secure transmissions and safety-critical operations.Furthermore,the developments in space sciences and laser technology have given synergistic potential outcomes to use laser systems in space operations.This paper comprehensively reviews laser applications and projects for strategic defense actions on the ground or in space.Additionally,a detailed analysis has been done on recent advancements of the laser technology for target indicators and range-finders.It also reviews the advancements in the field of laser communications for surveillance,its earlier state of the art,and ongoing scientific research and advancements in the domain of high energy directed laser weapons that have revolutionized the evolving military battlefield.Besides offering a comprehensive taxonomy,the paper also critically analyzes some of the recent contributions in the associated domains.
文摘Sound transportation infrastructure is critical for economic development and sustainability. Pavement condition is a primary concern among agencies of the roadway infrastructure. Automation has become possible in recent years on collecting data and producing results for certain aspects of pavement performance, while challenges remain in several other categories, such as automated cracking survey. This paper reviews the technological advances on automated survey of pavements, and discusses the most recent breakthroughs by the team led by the author in using 3D laser imaging for capturing 1 mm surface images of pavements.
文摘Background Combinations of coronary heart disease(CHD) and other chronic conditions complicate clinical management and increase healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate gender-specific relationships between CHD and other comorbidities. Methods We analyzed data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey(DEGS1), a national survey of 8152 adults aged 18-79 years. Female and male participants with self-reported CHD were compared for 23 chronic medical conditions. Regression models were applied to determine potential associations between CHD and these 23 conditions. Results The prevalence of CHD was 9%(547 participants): 34%(185) were female CHD participants and 66%(362) male. In women, CHD was associated with hypertension(OR = 3.28(1.81-5.9)), lipid disorders(OR = 2.40(1.50-3.83)), diabetes mellitus(OR = 2.08(1.24-3.50)), kidney disease(OR = 2.66(1.101-6.99)), thyroid disease(OR = 1.81(1.18-2.79)), gout/high uric acid levels(OR = 2.08(1.22-3.56)) and osteoporosis(OR = 1.69(1.01-2.84)). In men, CHD patients were more likely to have hypertension(OR = 2.80(1.94-4.04)), diabetes mellitus(OR = 1.87(1.29-2.71)), lipid disorder(OR = 1.82(1.34-2.47)), and chronic kidney disease(OR = 3.28(1.81-5.9)). Conclusion Our analysis revealed two sets of chronic conditions associated with CHD. The first set occurred in both women and men, and comprised known risk factors: hypertension, lipid disorders, kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus. The second set appeared unique to women: thyroid disease, osteoporosis, and gout/high uric acid. Identification of shared and unique gender-related associations between CHD and other conditions provides potential to tailor screening, preventive, and therapeutic options.
基金Fund supported by the Youth Educational Scholar Program of Peking Union Medical College(2016ZLGC0712).
文摘Objective To investigate the feature and frequency of medical emergencies in dental clinics in China and the Methods A survey study was conducted among 2408 dentists who attended continuing educational courses held by Society of Sedation and Analgesia of Chinese Stomatological Association in 18 cities from December 2015 to December 2018.Demographic information of the dentists and the characteristics of medical emergencies they encountered were collected and analyzed.The associated demographic features for dentist experiencing medical emergencies were analyzed by logistic regression model.Results A total of 2013 dentists provided valid responses and reported 2923 events of medical emergencies in dental clinics.Among them,85.0%reported that they had encountered medical emergencies,and 35.5%had encountered at least twice.Syncope(35.9%)and hypoglycemia(30.3%)were the most common reported medical emergencies.Medical emergencies were most likely to occur during local anesthesia(49.9%),out-patient oral surgery(25.9%),and root canal treatment(11.3%).There were 6 patients(0.2%)died in emergencies.84.0%dentists reported that they had never received training courses about medical emergency management in dentistry other than Basic Life Support.Longer practicing time(10-15 years)(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.41-0.85,P=0.004),working in private dental facilities(OR=1.69,95%CI:1.20-2.38,P=0.003)were associated with an increased risk of experiencing medical emergencies.Conclusion More efforts are needed in prevention,early identification,and timely management of medical emergencies in dental clinics in order to prevent fatal outcomes.The results of this survey are useful information for re-designing emergency training courses for Chinese dentists.
基金This study was supported by the Clinical Technology Innovation and Cultivation Project of Army Medical University(CX2019JS109)the Innovative Project of Daping Hospital for Clinical Medicine(2019CXLCA002).
文摘Hemorrhage is the leading cause of combat deaths,which is a primary lesson learned from modern warfare.[1]If temporary hemostasis is not available,the mortality of non-compressible torso hemorrhage(NCTH),a potentially preventable death(PPD),is as high as 85.5%.[2]
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No:3332018018)
文摘BACKGROUND:Many controversies still exist regarding ventilator parameters during cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR).This study aimed to investigate the CPR ventilation strategies currently being used among physicians in Chinese tertiary hospitals.METHODS:A survey was conducted among the cardiac arrest team physicians of 500 tertiary hospitals in China in August,2018.Surveyed data included physician and hospital information,and preferred ventilation strategy during CPR.RESULTS:A total of 438(88%)hospitals completed the survey,including hospitals from all 31 Chinese mainland provinces.About 41.1%of respondents chose delayed or no ventilation during CPR,with delayed ventilations all starting within 12 minutes.Of all the respondents who provided ventilation,83.0%chose to strictly follow the 30:2 strategy,while 17.0%chose ventilations concurrently with uninterrupted compressions.Only 38.3%respondents chose to intubate after initiating CPR,while 61.7%chose to intubate immediately when resuscitation began.During bagvalve-mask ventilation,only 51.4%of respondents delivered a frequency of 10 breaths per minute.In terms of ventilator settings,the majority of respondents chose volume control(VC)mode(75.2%),tidal volume of 6–7 mL/kg(72.1%),PEEP of 0–5 cmH2O(69.9%),and an FiO2 of 100%(66.9%).However,62.0%of respondents had mistriggers after setting the ventilator,and 51.8%had high pressure alarms.CONCLUSION:There is a great amount of variability in CPR ventilation strategies among cardiac arrest team physicians in Chinese tertiary hospitals.Guidelines are needed with specific recommendations on ventilation during CPR.
基金Projects NCET-04-0484 supported by the New-Century Outstanding Young Scientist Program from the Ministry of Education and D0605046040191-101Beijing Science and Technology Program
文摘The objective of this paper is to improve the monitoring speed and precision of fractional vegetation cover (fc). It mainly focuses on fc estimation when fcmax and fcmin are not approximately equal to 100% and 0%, respectively due to using remote sensing image with medium or low spatial resolution. Meanwhile, we present a new method of fc estimation based on a random set of fc maximum and minimum values from digital camera (DC) survey data and a di- midiate pixel model. The results show that this is a convenient, efficient and accurate method for fc monitoring, with the maximum error -0.172 and correlation coefficient of 0.974 between DC survey data and the estimated value of the remote sensing model. The remaining DC survey data can be used as verification data for the precision of the fc estimation. In general, the estimation of fc based on DC survey data and a remote sensing model is a brand-new development trend and deserves further extensive utilization.
基金Supported by the B-type Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB41000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11773081,11573073)CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team,Foundation of Minor Planets of the Purple Mountain Observatory and Youth Innovation Promotion Association。
文摘Four future missions for deep space exploration and future space-based exoplanet surveys on habitable planets by 2030 are scheduled to be launched.Two Mars exploration missions are designed to investigate geological structure,the material on Martian surface,and retrieve returned samples.The asteroids and main belt comet exploration is expected to explore two objects within 10 years.The small-body mission will aim to land on the asteroid and get samples return to Earth.The basic physical characteristics of the two objects will be obtained through the mission.The exploration of Jupiter system will characterize the environment of Jupiter and the four largest Moons and understand the atmosphere of Jupiter.In addition,we further introduce two space-based exoplanet survey by 2030,Miyin Program and Closeby Habitable Exoplanet Survey(CHES Mission).Miyin program aims to detect habitable exoplanets using interferometry,while CHES mission expects to discover habitable exoplanets orbiting FGK stars within 10 pc through astrometry.The above-mentioned missions are positively to achieve breakthroughs in the field of planetary science.
文摘BACKGROUND: In Iran, few studies have evaluated emergency medicine as a career option. In the present study, we aimed to find out how Iranian emergency-medicine specialists view their specialty as a career.METHODS: Following a qualitative study, a Likert-scale questionnaire was developed. Iranian emergency physician specialists who had at least two years' job experience were contacted via email. A uniform link to a Web-based survey and a cover letter that explained the survey were sent to the recipients. We used the Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc analysis to determine the differences between demographic subgroups.RESULTS: A total of 109 eligible responses were received, a response rate of 72.63%. Of the responders, 57.8% were 30–40 years of age, 86.2% were male, 86.2% were single, 84.4% were faculty members and 90.8% had fewer than 10 years' job experience. The main problems occurring during the career of Iranian emergency physicians were: insuffi cient income, inadequate recognition of the specialty by the community, inadequate union support, insecurity in the emergency wards, overcrowding, job stresses and night shifts. Despite insufficiency of income, Iranian emergency physicians(EPs) did not care about the financial benefits of patient care. Academic activity had positive effects on the perspectives of Iranian emergency physicians regarding their careers.CONCLUSION: Iranian emergency physicians and leaders in emergency medicine should struggle to improve the present situation, aiming at an ideal state.
基金supported by the Basic Performance Key Project,the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(No.2006FY110300)
文摘Objective Sub-health status has progressively gained more attention from both medical professionals and the publics. Treating the number of sub-health symptoms as count data rather than dichotomous data helps to completely and accurately analyze findings in sub-healthy population. This study aims to compare the goodness of fit for count outcome models to identify the optimum model for sub-health study.Methods The sample of the study derived from a large-scale population survey on physiological and psychological constants from 2007 to 2011 in 4 provinces and 2 autonomous regions in China. We constructed four count outcome models using SAS: Poisson model, negative binomial (NB) model, zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model. The number of sub-health symptoms was used as the main outcome measure. The alpha dispersion parameter and O test were used to identify over-dispersed data, and Vuong test was used to evaluate the excessive zero count. The goodness of fit of regression models were determined by predictive probability curves and statistics of likelihood ratio test.Results Of all 78 307 respondents, 38.53% reported no sub-health symptoms. The mean number of sub-health symptoms was 2.98, and the standard deviation was 3.72. The statistic O in over-dispersion test was 720.995 (P<0.001); the estimated alpha was 0.618 (95% CI: 0.600-0.636) comparing ZINB model and ZIP model; Vuong test statistic Z was 45.487. These results indicated over-dispersion of the data and excessive zero counts in this sub-health study. ZINB model had the largest log likelihood (-167 519), the smallest Akaike’s Information Criterion coefficient (335 112) and the smallest Bayesian information criterion coefficient (335455),indicating its best goodness of fit. The predictive probabilities for most counts in ZINB model fitted the observed counts best. The logit section of ZINB model analysis showed that age, sex, occupation, smoking, alcohol drinking, ethnicity and obesity were determinants for presence of sub-health symptoms; the binomial negative section of ZINB model analysis showed that sex, occupation, smoking, alcohol drinking, ethnicity, marital status and obesity had significant effect on the severity of sub-health.Conclusions All tests for goodness of fit and the predictive probability curve produced the same finding that ZINB model was the optimum model for exploring the influencing factors of sub-health symptoms.
文摘A soitable data model and data structure make underground survey objects maintained and operated easier. This paper gives a formal definition for underground survey objects. By making use of the quotient topological space, the author studies the logical relations among underground survey objects, a partiallyordered space uuder some conditions. An example is given to show the data model’s possible applications.
基金support by National Science Project of China with Research Grant 30900870 and 50775079Science Project of Guangdong Province with Research Grant 07300720
文摘Winter bamboo shoots are widely used in Asian cuisine. We surveyed growth depth （tail depth and root depth）, harvest speed, and harvest processes to provide information for developing new harvest technology. The tail depth of most winter bamboo shoots was 100 350 mm below the soil surface, and the root depth was 200 500 mm below the soil surface. Most winter bamboo shoots were difficult to locate with only the naked eye. The digging depth was 200 500 mm to cut winter bamboo shoots from the root. The highest harvest rate was 7.75 times faster than the slowest one and the average harvest speed ratio of men： women was about 1.71：1. The harvest process of winter bamboo shoots was divisible into three steps： searching, digging a hole （around the shoot） and cutting the root. The ratio of searching time to the sum of digging and cutting time was about 8：1, showing that searching required more time than digging and cutting together.
