Traditional hand rehabilitation gloves usually use electrical motor as actuator with disadvantages of heaviness,bulkiness and less compliance.Recently,the soft pneumatic actuator is demonstrated to be more suitable fo...Traditional hand rehabilitation gloves usually use electrical motor as actuator with disadvantages of heaviness,bulkiness and less compliance.Recently,the soft pneumatic actuator is demonstrated to be more suitable for hand rehabilitation compared to motor because of its inherent compliance,flexibility and safety.In order to design a wearable glove in request of hand rehabilitation,a soft hoop-reinforced pneumatic actuator is presented.By analyzing the influence of its section shape and geometrical parameters on bending performance,the preferred structure of actuator is achieved based on finite element method.An improved hoop-reinforced actuator is designed after the fabrication and initial measurement,and its mathematical model is built in order to quickly obtain the bending angle response when pressurized.A series of experiment about bending performance are implemented to validate the agreement between the finite element,mathematical and experimental results,and the performance improvement of hoop-reinforced actuator.In addition,the designed hand rehabilitation glove is tested by measuring its output force and actual wearing experience.The output force can reach 2.5 to 3 N when the pressure is 200 kPa.The research results indicate that the designed glove with hoop-reinforced actuator can meet the requirements of hand rehabilitation and has prospective application in hand rehabilitation.展开更多
At present,depression is treated with antidepressant drugs and assisted with psychotherapy and physical therapy,and these expensive and time-consuming treatment methods often end prematurely and result in a prolonged ...At present,depression is treated with antidepressant drugs and assisted with psychotherapy and physical therapy,and these expensive and time-consuming treatment methods often end prematurely and result in a prolonged course w ithout effective symptom relief. Therefore,based on the neurofeedback therapy,a novel depression rehabilitation method using a Virtual-Reality(VR) game framew ork is proposed. In this VR game framew ork,an innovative threeelectrode Electroencephalography(EEG) collector is used to record patients' EEG data. The data are processed and converted into feedback features,and the feedback w ill be displayed to patients in real time through a VR headset. Patients can adjust their psychological activity based on the feedback,and relieve their physiological dysfunction effectively. The framew ork also provides a data storage module,w hich may offer therapists w ays to assess patients' rehabilitation results in a long term,as w ell as provide possibility to continue tow ards better algorithm of feedback features w ith data-mining.The prototype system is tested in the framew ork,and the experimental results prove the effectiveness of the framew ork in depression rehabilitation.展开更多
This article focuses on current and future disability public policy having potential implications for the Rehabilitation Act and vocational rehabilitation services in the United States. It explores several models of d...This article focuses on current and future disability public policy having potential implications for the Rehabilitation Act and vocational rehabilitation services in the United States. It explores several models of disability reflected in public policy, important historical legislation, and the relationship of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) to the Rehabilitation Act. Competing issues and conflicts between the WIA and the state vocational rehabilitation agencies are discussed. A framework for analyzing disability policy is identified to project the future of disability policy, as well as, how these issues and conflicts may impact the survival of the rehabilitation profession.展开更多
Despite years of interventions in the United States, substance abuse continues to be a major national problem in our society. For individuals affected, it can constitute a major disability and a decrease in quality of...Despite years of interventions in the United States, substance abuse continues to be a major national problem in our society. For individuals affected, it can constitute a major disability and a decrease in quality of life. Current American societal expectations are that individuals who identify!they are involved in substance abuse will go to treatment, eventually recover, get off public assistance straightaway, and return to work. Most rehabilitation professionals also maintain the same expectations. The reality is that efforts of prevention do not appear to diminish the number of people with substance abuse. Traditional treatment appears to have minimal, if any, influence upon the cessation of substance abuse, and traditional vocational rehabilitation practices appear unsuited for the unique problems and types of symptoms experienced by substance abusers. Creative, yet sound, alternatives that combine effective treatment strategies and non-traditional vocational rehabilitation methods need to be exqlored and tested for effectiveness, and applied.展开更多
In this article, I will discuss disability issues as a second and a half generation American of Chinese descent who has worked with persons with disabilities, has taught rehabilitation counseling as well as having bee...In this article, I will discuss disability issues as a second and a half generation American of Chinese descent who has worked with persons with disabilities, has taught rehabilitation counseling as well as having been a rehabilitation psychologist for more than 35 years in the U.S. and Australia. I am pleased to be able to share some of my thoughts and experiences in this article that is a bit less formal than what you may expect in a professional journal. Though I hope that what I share will provoke some thinking and action from those who read these words.展开更多
This paper addresses the topic of an interdisciplinary approach of chronic pain management from a biopsychosocial perspective. The first section provides an introduction to the definitions and theories of chronic pain...This paper addresses the topic of an interdisciplinary approach of chronic pain management from a biopsychosocial perspective. The first section provides an introduction to the definitions and theories of chronic pain and the various contributing factors (psychological, interpersonal/environmental and social support, and vocational). The second section presents the role of various health care professions (medical doctors, nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, psychologists and rehabilitation counselors) and the evidence of their treatment effectiveness. The third section discusses the concept of an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program (IPRP) and its evidence to support its effectiveness. Finally, the clinical implications of rehabilitation counseling and psychology as part of the inter-disciplinary program in treating individuals with chronic pain will be highlighted.展开更多
In this paper, we will discuss the consequences of secondary conditions and their impact on rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life for persons with disabilities. Health promotion as a preventive method for second...In this paper, we will discuss the consequences of secondary conditions and their impact on rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life for persons with disabilities. Health promotion as a preventive method for secondary conditions for persons with disabilities has not been a significant area of interest on the part of the general health care and rehabilitation services community in Western societies. In the U.S., after years of careful evaluation a shift in scientific and advocacy thinking has encouraged researchers, funding agencies, health care providers, rehabilitation professionals and persons with disabilities, as well as the consumers of health care services to prioritize future studies in this specific area and establishing quality health care and the best possible rehabilitation outcomes for millions of individuals with disabilities.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the impact of early intensive rehabilitation care in adults undergoing cardiac surgery.Methods This was a quasi-experimental study using assessor blinding in 252 cardiac surgery patients recruite...Objective To evaluate the impact of early intensive rehabilitation care in adults undergoing cardiac surgery.Methods This was a quasi-experimental study using assessor blinding in 252 cardiac surgery patients recruited from Fuwai Hospital.Participants awaiting cardiac surgery were divided into the experiment group and the control group.The control group received routine rehabilitation care postoperatively,including the exercise training,deep breathing exercises,nutrition direction,medication instruction,psychological education,pain management and sleep conditioning.展开更多
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs)are widely distributed ligand gated ion channels throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems of mammals.There are 16 different n AChR subunits,α1-α7,α9,α10 andβ1...Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs)are widely distributed ligand gated ion channels throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems of mammals.There are 16 different n AChR subunits,α1-α7,α9,α10 andβ1-β4,as well asγ,δ,andε,which assemble into pentamers to form different nAChR subtypes with distinct pharmacological properties in mammals.Among themα6β2*(*designates other possible subunit),α3β4 andα4β2 nAChR subtypes are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of addiction.However,various n AChR subtypes are very difficult to pharmacologically distinguish from each other.Theα6*n AChRs are expressed by dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system,which modulate the release of dopamine and are believed to be important in mediating tobacco,morphine,cocaine and ethanol addiction.Theα3β4 nAChRs present in the medial habenula with important role in influencing nicotine addiction.Blockage ofα3β4 nAChRs in the medial habenula decreased the dose of nicotine that rodents would self-administer.Thus,new antagonists ofα6β2*orα3β4 nA ChR subtypes are of considerable interest,which would give strategies to selectively modulateα6β2*orα3β4 nA ChR function.We characterized anα-conotoxin(α-CTx)TxIB with 16 amino acids and anα-CTx TxID with 15 amino acids from Conus textile.The sequence of TxIB is GCCSDPPCRNKHPDLCamide.The sequence of TxID is GCCSHPVCSAMSPIC with C-terminal amidation too.Both peptides with aⅠ-ⅢandⅡ-Ⅳdisulfide con-nectivity were chemically synthesized.The residues between Cys-Ⅱand Cys-Ⅲand Cys-Ⅲand Cys-Ⅳofα-CTx are commonly referred to as loops 1 and 2,respectively.The number of residues in each of these loops is used to further classify theα-CTx.So TxIB is classified as a 4/7α-CTx,whereas theα-CTx TxIB has a 4/6 spacing.Both peptides were tested on rat nAChRs heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes.Theα-CTx TxIB blockedα6/α3β2β3 nAChR with an IC50 of 28 nmol·L^(-1),which showed little or no block of all the other tested subtypes at concentrations up to 10μmol·L^(-1).TxIB blockingα6/α3β2β3 nAChR is rapidly reversed after toxin washout.The ability ofα-CTx TxIB to discriminate betweenα6/α3β2β3 and the other nAChR receptors is unique.There are no small molecules have this selectivity profile.Previously describedα-CTx that potently blockα6/α3β2β3 nA ChR s also block eitherα6/α3β4 nAChRs,α3β2 nAChRs and(or)other nAChRs subtypes.TxID was the very potentα3β4 nAChR antagonists blocking ratα3β4 n AChRs with an IC-50 of 12.5 nmol·L1.However,TxID also blocked the closely relatedα6/α3β4 with an IC50 of 94 nmol·L^(-1).In fact,the expression profile ofα3β4 nAChRs andα6/α3β4 nAChRs overlap in a variety of tissues.So TxI D can′t differentiateα3β4 nA ChR fromα6/α3β4 nA ChR effectively.To distinguish between these two close subtypes,positional-scanning mutagenesis of TxID was performed to identify critical residues that confer potency forα3β4 nAChRs,and hope to obtain more selective mutant to discriminate between these two close subtypes.The effects of 15 analogues and TxID were tested on bothα3β4 andα6/α3β4 nAChRs.An analogue,ie[S9 A]TxID had46-fold greater potency forα3β4 versusα6/α3β4 nAChRs,which showed significantly improved selectivity forα3β4 versusα6/α3β4 nAChRs.Both TxI D and[S9 A]TxI D had little activity on other nA ChR subtypes.The three-dimensional solution structures of TxIB,TxID and[S9 A]TxID were determined using NMR spectroscopy.α-CTx TxI B,TxID and[S9 A]TxID represent uniquely selective ligand for probing the structure and function ofα6β2*andα3β4 nA ChR s respectively.It is known about20%people have used drugs recreationally resulting in a substance use disorder finally.Therefore,structural insights derived from these ligands may facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for addiction involvingα6β2*andα3β4 nA ChR s.展开更多
Rehabilitation engineering aims in the upmost degree to restore the lost functions for those persons with physical disability. Biomechanical modeling has been widely used for different purposes in rehabilitation engin...Rehabilitation engineering aims in the upmost degree to restore the lost functions for those persons with physical disability. Biomechanical modeling has been widely used for different purposes in rehabilitation engineering to understand the bio-展开更多
In view of the uncertainty and complexity,the intelligent model of rehabilitation training program for stroke was proposed,combining with the case-based reasoning(CBR) and interval type-2 fuzzy reasoning(IT2FR).The mo...In view of the uncertainty and complexity,the intelligent model of rehabilitation training program for stroke was proposed,combining with the case-based reasoning(CBR) and interval type-2 fuzzy reasoning(IT2FR).The model consists of two parts:the setting model based on CBR and the feedback compensation model based on IT2FR.The former presets the value of rehabilitation training program,and the latter carries on the feedback compensation of the preset value.Experimental results show that the average percentage error of two rehabilitation training programs is 0.074%.The two programs are made by the intelligent model and rehabilitation physician.That is,the two different programs are nearly identical.It means that the intelligent model can make a rehabilitation training program effectively and improve the rehabilitation efficiency.展开更多
Objective:To explore the practice of PM&R in subSaharan Africa and Antarctica.Method:Medline searches,membership data searches,fax survey of medical schools,Internet searches,and interviews with experts.Result:The...Objective:To explore the practice of PM&R in subSaharan Africa and Antarctica.Method:Medline searches,membership data searches,fax survey of medical schools,Internet searches,and interviews with experts.Result:The continents are dissimilar in terms of climate and government.However both Antarctica and subSaharan Africa have no PM&R training programs,no professional organizations,no specialty board requirements,and no practicing physicians in the field.Since there is no known disabled child on Antarctica and adults are airlifted to world-class health care,the consequences of this deficit are minimal there.However the 788,000,000 permanent residents of subSaharan Africa including approximately 78 million persons with disability are left unserved.Conclusion:Antarctica is doing fine.Africa is in a crisis.Local medical schools,hospitals doctors,and persons with disability;along with foreign volunteers,aid groups,and policymakers can impact the crisis.However government-specifically national ministries of health-is ultimately responsible for the health and wellbeing of citizens.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effects of standardized rehabilitation on quality of life (QOL) of stroke patients at convalescence and sequelae stages. Method:A total of 251 stroke patients were randomly divided into a stan...Objective:To explore the effects of standardized rehabilitation on quality of life (QOL) of stroke patients at convalescence and sequelae stages. Method:A total of 251 stroke patients were randomly divided into a standardized rehabilitation group and a control group. The simplified Fugl-Meyer assessment(FMA) scale, the 36-item short-form health survey questionnaire (SF-36) and functional comprehensive assessment (FCA) were administered before as well as after 3, 6 and at 12 months a follow-up study respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted based on the evaluations at 4 testing time points. Result:There was no significant difference in FMA,SF-36 and FCA scores of the two groups before and after 3 months treatments, while FMA,SF-36 and FCA scores of the rehabilitation group were obviously higher than those of the control group either after 6 months treatments or of followup study. Moreover, after 6 months treatments FMA score was apparently higher than the score at the beginning and after 3 months treatments. The FMA, SF36 and FAC scores during the followup visit decreased when compared with scores after 6 months treatments, but increased significantly when compared with the scores at the beginning and after 3 months treatments. Conclusion:Standardized tertiary rehabilitation (STR) at convalescence and sequelae stages can significantly improve motor functions and QOL of stroke patients.展开更多
Objective:To compare the effects of different conservative managements on patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Method:One hundred and four AIS patients were recruited for this study. The patients were ...Objective:To compare the effects of different conservative managements on patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Method:One hundred and four AIS patients were recruited for this study. The patients were divided into 3 groups:exercise (E group), brace (B group) and combined rehabilitation treatment (brace treatment combined with exercise, CR group). Radiological parameter were used to assess AIS patients before and after treatment. The Chinese version of scoliosis research society-22(SRS-22) patient questionnaires were filled out by patients after treatment. The SRS-22 scores were compared among management groups. Result:The maximal Cobb angles were smaller in E group than in B group or CR group both before and af- ter treatment. The maximal Cobb angles were significantly smaller after treatment than before treatment in B group and CR group. Function/activity was better in E group than in B group or CR group. Self-image/appear- ance and satisfaction with management were better in E group and CR group than in B group. There was no significant difference among treatment groups in pain and mental health. Conclusion:Both brace and combined rehabilitation treatment can reduce the spinal curve of AIS patients. Both exercise and combined rehabilitation treatment have positive influence on self-image/appearance and satis- faction with management. We support preference of combined rehabilitation treatment above brace treatment.展开更多
In order to mitigate the effects of space adaptation syndrome(SAS) and improve the training efficiency of the astronauts, a novel astronaut rehabilitative training robot(ART) was proposed. ART can help the astronauts ...In order to mitigate the effects of space adaptation syndrome(SAS) and improve the training efficiency of the astronauts, a novel astronaut rehabilitative training robot(ART) was proposed. ART can help the astronauts to carry out the bench press training in the microgravity environment. Firstly, a dynamic model of cable driven unit(CDU) was established whose accuracy was verified through the model identification. Secondly, to improve the accuracy and the speed of the active loading, an active loading hybrid force controller was proposed on the basis of the dynamic model of the CDU. Finally, the actual effect of the hybrid force controller was tested by simulations and experiments. The results suggest that the hybrid force controller can significantly improve the precision and the dynamic performance of the active loading with the maximum phase lag of the active loading being 9° and the maximum amplitude error being 2% at the frequency range of 10 Hz. The controller can meet the design requirements.展开更多
基金Project(51305202)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Traditional hand rehabilitation gloves usually use electrical motor as actuator with disadvantages of heaviness,bulkiness and less compliance.Recently,the soft pneumatic actuator is demonstrated to be more suitable for hand rehabilitation compared to motor because of its inherent compliance,flexibility and safety.In order to design a wearable glove in request of hand rehabilitation,a soft hoop-reinforced pneumatic actuator is presented.By analyzing the influence of its section shape and geometrical parameters on bending performance,the preferred structure of actuator is achieved based on finite element method.An improved hoop-reinforced actuator is designed after the fabrication and initial measurement,and its mathematical model is built in order to quickly obtain the bending angle response when pressurized.A series of experiment about bending performance are implemented to validate the agreement between the finite element,mathematical and experimental results,and the performance improvement of hoop-reinforced actuator.In addition,the designed hand rehabilitation glove is tested by measuring its output force and actual wearing experience.The output force can reach 2.5 to 3 N when the pressure is 200 kPa.The research results indicate that the designed glove with hoop-reinforced actuator can meet the requirements of hand rehabilitation and has prospective application in hand rehabilitation.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB744600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61632014,61210010)+2 种基金Program of Beijing M unicipal Science&Technology Commission(Z171100000117005)Program of International S&T Cooperation of M OST(2013DFA11140)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1307203)
文摘At present,depression is treated with antidepressant drugs and assisted with psychotherapy and physical therapy,and these expensive and time-consuming treatment methods often end prematurely and result in a prolonged course w ithout effective symptom relief. Therefore,based on the neurofeedback therapy,a novel depression rehabilitation method using a Virtual-Reality(VR) game framew ork is proposed. In this VR game framew ork,an innovative threeelectrode Electroencephalography(EEG) collector is used to record patients' EEG data. The data are processed and converted into feedback features,and the feedback w ill be displayed to patients in real time through a VR headset. Patients can adjust their psychological activity based on the feedback,and relieve their physiological dysfunction effectively. The framew ork also provides a data storage module,w hich may offer therapists w ays to assess patients' rehabilitation results in a long term,as w ell as provide possibility to continue tow ards better algorithm of feedback features w ith data-mining.The prototype system is tested in the framew ork,and the experimental results prove the effectiveness of the framew ork in depression rehabilitation.
文摘This article focuses on current and future disability public policy having potential implications for the Rehabilitation Act and vocational rehabilitation services in the United States. It explores several models of disability reflected in public policy, important historical legislation, and the relationship of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) to the Rehabilitation Act. Competing issues and conflicts between the WIA and the state vocational rehabilitation agencies are discussed. A framework for analyzing disability policy is identified to project the future of disability policy, as well as, how these issues and conflicts may impact the survival of the rehabilitation profession.
文摘Despite years of interventions in the United States, substance abuse continues to be a major national problem in our society. For individuals affected, it can constitute a major disability and a decrease in quality of life. Current American societal expectations are that individuals who identify!they are involved in substance abuse will go to treatment, eventually recover, get off public assistance straightaway, and return to work. Most rehabilitation professionals also maintain the same expectations. The reality is that efforts of prevention do not appear to diminish the number of people with substance abuse. Traditional treatment appears to have minimal, if any, influence upon the cessation of substance abuse, and traditional vocational rehabilitation practices appear unsuited for the unique problems and types of symptoms experienced by substance abusers. Creative, yet sound, alternatives that combine effective treatment strategies and non-traditional vocational rehabilitation methods need to be exqlored and tested for effectiveness, and applied.
文摘In this article, I will discuss disability issues as a second and a half generation American of Chinese descent who has worked with persons with disabilities, has taught rehabilitation counseling as well as having been a rehabilitation psychologist for more than 35 years in the U.S. and Australia. I am pleased to be able to share some of my thoughts and experiences in this article that is a bit less formal than what you may expect in a professional journal. Though I hope that what I share will provoke some thinking and action from those who read these words.
文摘This paper addresses the topic of an interdisciplinary approach of chronic pain management from a biopsychosocial perspective. The first section provides an introduction to the definitions and theories of chronic pain and the various contributing factors (psychological, interpersonal/environmental and social support, and vocational). The second section presents the role of various health care professions (medical doctors, nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, psychologists and rehabilitation counselors) and the evidence of their treatment effectiveness. The third section discusses the concept of an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program (IPRP) and its evidence to support its effectiveness. Finally, the clinical implications of rehabilitation counseling and psychology as part of the inter-disciplinary program in treating individuals with chronic pain will be highlighted.
文摘In this paper, we will discuss the consequences of secondary conditions and their impact on rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life for persons with disabilities. Health promotion as a preventive method for secondary conditions for persons with disabilities has not been a significant area of interest on the part of the general health care and rehabilitation services community in Western societies. In the U.S., after years of careful evaluation a shift in scientific and advocacy thinking has encouraged researchers, funding agencies, health care providers, rehabilitation professionals and persons with disabilities, as well as the consumers of health care services to prioritize future studies in this specific area and establishing quality health care and the best possible rehabilitation outcomes for millions of individuals with disabilities.
文摘Objective To evaluate the impact of early intensive rehabilitation care in adults undergoing cardiac surgery.Methods This was a quasi-experimental study using assessor blinding in 252 cardiac surgery patients recruited from Fuwai Hospital.Participants awaiting cardiac surgery were divided into the experiment group and the control group.The control group received routine rehabilitation care postoperatively,including the exercise training,deep breathing exercises,nutrition direction,medication instruction,psychological education,pain management and sleep conditioning.
文摘Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs)are widely distributed ligand gated ion channels throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems of mammals.There are 16 different n AChR subunits,α1-α7,α9,α10 andβ1-β4,as well asγ,δ,andε,which assemble into pentamers to form different nAChR subtypes with distinct pharmacological properties in mammals.Among themα6β2*(*designates other possible subunit),α3β4 andα4β2 nAChR subtypes are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of addiction.However,various n AChR subtypes are very difficult to pharmacologically distinguish from each other.Theα6*n AChRs are expressed by dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system,which modulate the release of dopamine and are believed to be important in mediating tobacco,morphine,cocaine and ethanol addiction.Theα3β4 nAChRs present in the medial habenula with important role in influencing nicotine addiction.Blockage ofα3β4 nAChRs in the medial habenula decreased the dose of nicotine that rodents would self-administer.Thus,new antagonists ofα6β2*orα3β4 nA ChR subtypes are of considerable interest,which would give strategies to selectively modulateα6β2*orα3β4 nA ChR function.We characterized anα-conotoxin(α-CTx)TxIB with 16 amino acids and anα-CTx TxID with 15 amino acids from Conus textile.The sequence of TxIB is GCCSDPPCRNKHPDLCamide.The sequence of TxID is GCCSHPVCSAMSPIC with C-terminal amidation too.Both peptides with aⅠ-ⅢandⅡ-Ⅳdisulfide con-nectivity were chemically synthesized.The residues between Cys-Ⅱand Cys-Ⅲand Cys-Ⅲand Cys-Ⅳofα-CTx are commonly referred to as loops 1 and 2,respectively.The number of residues in each of these loops is used to further classify theα-CTx.So TxIB is classified as a 4/7α-CTx,whereas theα-CTx TxIB has a 4/6 spacing.Both peptides were tested on rat nAChRs heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes.Theα-CTx TxIB blockedα6/α3β2β3 nAChR with an IC50 of 28 nmol·L^(-1),which showed little or no block of all the other tested subtypes at concentrations up to 10μmol·L^(-1).TxIB blockingα6/α3β2β3 nAChR is rapidly reversed after toxin washout.The ability ofα-CTx TxIB to discriminate betweenα6/α3β2β3 and the other nAChR receptors is unique.There are no small molecules have this selectivity profile.Previously describedα-CTx that potently blockα6/α3β2β3 nA ChR s also block eitherα6/α3β4 nAChRs,α3β2 nAChRs and(or)other nAChRs subtypes.TxID was the very potentα3β4 nAChR antagonists blocking ratα3β4 n AChRs with an IC-50 of 12.5 nmol·L1.However,TxID also blocked the closely relatedα6/α3β4 with an IC50 of 94 nmol·L^(-1).In fact,the expression profile ofα3β4 nAChRs andα6/α3β4 nAChRs overlap in a variety of tissues.So TxI D can′t differentiateα3β4 nA ChR fromα6/α3β4 nA ChR effectively.To distinguish between these two close subtypes,positional-scanning mutagenesis of TxID was performed to identify critical residues that confer potency forα3β4 nAChRs,and hope to obtain more selective mutant to discriminate between these two close subtypes.The effects of 15 analogues and TxID were tested on bothα3β4 andα6/α3β4 nAChRs.An analogue,ie[S9 A]TxID had46-fold greater potency forα3β4 versusα6/α3β4 nAChRs,which showed significantly improved selectivity forα3β4 versusα6/α3β4 nAChRs.Both TxI D and[S9 A]TxI D had little activity on other nA ChR subtypes.The three-dimensional solution structures of TxIB,TxID and[S9 A]TxID were determined using NMR spectroscopy.α-CTx TxI B,TxID and[S9 A]TxID represent uniquely selective ligand for probing the structure and function ofα6β2*andα3β4 nA ChR s respectively.It is known about20%people have used drugs recreationally resulting in a substance use disorder finally.Therefore,structural insights derived from these ligands may facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for addiction involvingα6β2*andα3β4 nA ChR s.
基金Research Grant Council of Hong Kong (GRF Project nos PolyU5331 /07E,PolyU5352 /08E)a grant from Ministry of Sciences and Technology,China (No 2006BAI22B00)
文摘Rehabilitation engineering aims in the upmost degree to restore the lost functions for those persons with physical disability. Biomechanical modeling has been widely used for different purposes in rehabilitation engineering to understand the bio-
基金Project(2010020176-301)supported by Liaoning Science and Technology Program,ChinaProject(F10-2D5-1-57)supported by Shenyang Municipal Fund,China
文摘In view of the uncertainty and complexity,the intelligent model of rehabilitation training program for stroke was proposed,combining with the case-based reasoning(CBR) and interval type-2 fuzzy reasoning(IT2FR).The model consists of two parts:the setting model based on CBR and the feedback compensation model based on IT2FR.The former presets the value of rehabilitation training program,and the latter carries on the feedback compensation of the preset value.Experimental results show that the average percentage error of two rehabilitation training programs is 0.074%.The two programs are made by the intelligent model and rehabilitation physician.That is,the two different programs are nearly identical.It means that the intelligent model can make a rehabilitation training program effectively and improve the rehabilitation efficiency.
文摘Objective:To explore the practice of PM&R in subSaharan Africa and Antarctica.Method:Medline searches,membership data searches,fax survey of medical schools,Internet searches,and interviews with experts.Result:The continents are dissimilar in terms of climate and government.However both Antarctica and subSaharan Africa have no PM&R training programs,no professional organizations,no specialty board requirements,and no practicing physicians in the field.Since there is no known disabled child on Antarctica and adults are airlifted to world-class health care,the consequences of this deficit are minimal there.However the 788,000,000 permanent residents of subSaharan Africa including approximately 78 million persons with disability are left unserved.Conclusion:Antarctica is doing fine.Africa is in a crisis.Local medical schools,hospitals doctors,and persons with disability;along with foreign volunteers,aid groups,and policymakers can impact the crisis.However government-specifically national ministries of health-is ultimately responsible for the health and wellbeing of citizens.
基金supported by the Key Projects of Shanghai Science and Technology on Biomedicine(NO.10DZ1950800)the 12th Five-year Plan supporting project of Ministry of Science and Technology of the Peo-ple's Republic of China (NO: 2013BAI10B03)the Major project of Shanghai Zhabei District Health Bureau(No. 2011ZD01)
文摘Objective:To explore the effects of standardized rehabilitation on quality of life (QOL) of stroke patients at convalescence and sequelae stages. Method:A total of 251 stroke patients were randomly divided into a standardized rehabilitation group and a control group. The simplified Fugl-Meyer assessment(FMA) scale, the 36-item short-form health survey questionnaire (SF-36) and functional comprehensive assessment (FCA) were administered before as well as after 3, 6 and at 12 months a follow-up study respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted based on the evaluations at 4 testing time points. Result:There was no significant difference in FMA,SF-36 and FCA scores of the two groups before and after 3 months treatments, while FMA,SF-36 and FCA scores of the rehabilitation group were obviously higher than those of the control group either after 6 months treatments or of followup study. Moreover, after 6 months treatments FMA score was apparently higher than the score at the beginning and after 3 months treatments. The FMA, SF36 and FAC scores during the followup visit decreased when compared with scores after 6 months treatments, but increased significantly when compared with the scores at the beginning and after 3 months treatments. Conclusion:Standardized tertiary rehabilitation (STR) at convalescence and sequelae stages can significantly improve motor functions and QOL of stroke patients.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Gran(t114119a2700)
文摘Objective:To compare the effects of different conservative managements on patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Method:One hundred and four AIS patients were recruited for this study. The patients were divided into 3 groups:exercise (E group), brace (B group) and combined rehabilitation treatment (brace treatment combined with exercise, CR group). Radiological parameter were used to assess AIS patients before and after treatment. The Chinese version of scoliosis research society-22(SRS-22) patient questionnaires were filled out by patients after treatment. The SRS-22 scores were compared among management groups. Result:The maximal Cobb angles were smaller in E group than in B group or CR group both before and af- ter treatment. The maximal Cobb angles were significantly smaller after treatment than before treatment in B group and CR group. Function/activity was better in E group than in B group or CR group. Self-image/appear- ance and satisfaction with management were better in E group and CR group than in B group. There was no significant difference among treatment groups in pain and mental health. Conclusion:Both brace and combined rehabilitation treatment can reduce the spinal curve of AIS patients. Both exercise and combined rehabilitation treatment have positive influence on self-image/appearance and satis- faction with management. We support preference of combined rehabilitation treatment above brace treatment.
基金Project(61175128) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2008AA040203) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(QC2010009) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China
文摘In order to mitigate the effects of space adaptation syndrome(SAS) and improve the training efficiency of the astronauts, a novel astronaut rehabilitative training robot(ART) was proposed. ART can help the astronauts to carry out the bench press training in the microgravity environment. Firstly, a dynamic model of cable driven unit(CDU) was established whose accuracy was verified through the model identification. Secondly, to improve the accuracy and the speed of the active loading, an active loading hybrid force controller was proposed on the basis of the dynamic model of the CDU. Finally, the actual effect of the hybrid force controller was tested by simulations and experiments. The results suggest that the hybrid force controller can significantly improve the precision and the dynamic performance of the active loading with the maximum phase lag of the active loading being 9° and the maximum amplitude error being 2% at the frequency range of 10 Hz. The controller can meet the design requirements.
