Detection of oil pollution in soil has been carried out using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy（LIBS）. A pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet（Nd：YAG） laser（1,064 nm, 8 ns, 200 mJ） was focused onto ...Detection of oil pollution in soil has been carried out using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy（LIBS）. A pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet（Nd：YAG） laser（1,064 nm, 8 ns, 200 mJ） was focused onto pelletized soil samples. Emission spectra were obtained from oil-contaminated soil and clean soil. The contaminated soil had almost the same spectrum profile as the clean soil and contained the same major and minor elements. However, a C–H molecular band was clearly detected in the oil-contaminated soil, while no C–H band was detected in the clean soil. Linear calibration curve of the C–H molecular band was successfully made by using a soil sample containing various concentrations of oil. The limit of detection of the C–H band in the soil sample was 0.001 mL/g. Furthermore, the emission spectrum of the contaminated soil clearly displayed titanium（Ti） lines, which were not detected in the clean soil. The existence of the C–H band and Ti lines in oil-contaminated soil can be used to clearly distinguish contaminated soil from clean soil. For comparison, the emission spectra of contaminated and clean soil were also obtained using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray（SEM/EDX） spectroscopy,showing that the spectra obtained using LIBS are much better than using SEM/EDX, as indicated by the signal to noise ratio（S/N ratio）.展开更多
Along with the rapid development of oil industries internationally,petroleum prospecting and exploitation activities are growing intensively.Especially in China,with the fastest economic growth in the world and shorta...Along with the rapid development of oil industries internationally,petroleum prospecting and exploitation activities are growing intensively.Especially in China,with the fastest economic growth in the world and shortage of petroleum resources,we are leading the practices of petroleum deep exploitation.Obviously,the risk of damage to the natural environment from these activities is high.Oil contamination in soils and groundwater is becoming a big issue along with pesticide pollution,which makes organic pollution prevention and control （OPPC） much more complex.In this paper,based on recent research on oil-contaminated soil at home and abroad,we make comments on the remediation technologies for polluted soil,emphasizing bioremediation techniques and degradation mechanisms in order to push forward research into bound organic pollution prevention and control （OPPC）,especially in China.展开更多
We investigated the patterns of phosphorus transport from purple-soil cropland of 5° and 10° slopes with bare and vegetated surfaces,respectively.Each type of land was tested under a simulated moderate rainf...We investigated the patterns of phosphorus transport from purple-soil cropland of 5° and 10° slopes with bare and vegetated surfaces,respectively.Each type of land was tested under a simulated moderate rainfall of 0.33 mm/min,a downfall of 0.90 mm/min,and a rainstorm of 1.86 mm/min.Runoff dynamics and changes in the export amount of phosphorus are influenced by the rainfall intensity,the slope and surface conditions of cropland.The vegetation diverts rain water from the surface into soil and helps the formation of a subsurface runoff,but has little influence on runoff process at the same sloping degree.Vegetated soil has a smaller phosphorous loss,particularly much less in the particulate form.A heavier rainfall flushes away more phosphorous.Rainwater percolating soil carries more dissolved phosphorous than particulate phosphorous.Understanding the patterns of phosphorous transport under various conditions from purple soil in the middle of Sichuan basin is helpful for developing countermeasures against non-point-source pollution resulting in the eutrophication of water bodies in this region that could,if not controlled properly,deteriorate the water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir.展开更多
Soil pollution endangers human health and ecological balance,which is why finding a highly efficient way to deal with pollutants is necessary.Biological method is an environmentally friendly treatment method.Bioelectr...Soil pollution endangers human health and ecological balance,which is why finding a highly efficient way to deal with pollutants is necessary.Biological method is an environmentally friendly treatment method.Bioelectrochemical systems(BESs),which combine electrochemistry with biological methods,have been widely used to remediate polluted environments,including wastewater,sludge,sediment,and soil.In BESs,redox reactions occur on electrodes with electroactive bacteria,which convert pollutants into low-polluting or nonpolluting substances.With BESs being a promising technology in the remediation field,the decontamination mechanisms and applications in soil conducted by BESs have attracted much attention.Therefore,to better understand the research progress of BESs,this paper mainly summarizes the mechanism of different classified BESs.The applications of microbial fuel cells(MFCs)in four pollutants(petroleum,heavy metals,pesticides,antibiotics)and the possible applications of microbial electrolysis cells(MECs)in soil are discussed.The main problems in BESs and possible future development directions are also evaluated.展开更多
Heavy metal pollution brings extensive concerns since 1940s. In order to assess the heavy metal pollution on the farmland of Yanzhou coalfield, 216 soil samples and 54 combined samples were collected. Lead, cadmium, c...Heavy metal pollution brings extensive concerns since 1940s. In order to assess the heavy metal pollution on the farmland of Yanzhou coalfield, 216 soil samples and 54 combined samples were collected. Lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, and nickel contained in both topsoil and deep soil were analyzed using atomic absorbent spectrometry analyzer (AAS). Fuzzy clustering method was used in data processing. And fuzzy synthetic assessment was applied to assess the soil contamination by heavy metals. The result shows that Yanzhou coalfield has been polluted by the heavy metals to some extent.展开更多
基金financially supported by Diponegoro University,Semarang,Indonesia (31419/UN7.5.1/PG/2015 and 573-18/UN7.5.1/PG/2016)
文摘Detection of oil pollution in soil has been carried out using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy（LIBS）. A pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet（Nd：YAG） laser（1,064 nm, 8 ns, 200 mJ） was focused onto pelletized soil samples. Emission spectra were obtained from oil-contaminated soil and clean soil. The contaminated soil had almost the same spectrum profile as the clean soil and contained the same major and minor elements. However, a C–H molecular band was clearly detected in the oil-contaminated soil, while no C–H band was detected in the clean soil. Linear calibration curve of the C–H molecular band was successfully made by using a soil sample containing various concentrations of oil. The limit of detection of the C–H band in the soil sample was 0.001 mL/g. Furthermore, the emission spectrum of the contaminated soil clearly displayed titanium（Ti） lines, which were not detected in the clean soil. The existence of the C–H band and Ti lines in oil-contaminated soil can be used to clearly distinguish contaminated soil from clean soil. For comparison, the emission spectra of contaminated and clean soil were also obtained using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray（SEM/EDX） spectroscopy,showing that the spectra obtained using LIBS are much better than using SEM/EDX, as indicated by the signal to noise ratio（S/N ratio）.
基金supports from the New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education (NCET-09-0765)the China Scholarship of Council (2009644509)the Natural Scientific Funds of China (40973064)
文摘Along with the rapid development of oil industries internationally,petroleum prospecting and exploitation activities are growing intensively.Especially in China,with the fastest economic growth in the world and shortage of petroleum resources,we are leading the practices of petroleum deep exploitation.Obviously,the risk of damage to the natural environment from these activities is high.Oil contamination in soils and groundwater is becoming a big issue along with pesticide pollution,which makes organic pollution prevention and control （OPPC） much more complex.In this paper,based on recent research on oil-contaminated soil at home and abroad,we make comments on the remediation technologies for polluted soil,emphasizing bioremediation techniques and degradation mechanisms in order to push forward research into bound organic pollution prevention and control （OPPC）,especially in China.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40571093)the National Field Station Fund
文摘We investigated the patterns of phosphorus transport from purple-soil cropland of 5° and 10° slopes with bare and vegetated surfaces,respectively.Each type of land was tested under a simulated moderate rainfall of 0.33 mm/min,a downfall of 0.90 mm/min,and a rainstorm of 1.86 mm/min.Runoff dynamics and changes in the export amount of phosphorus are influenced by the rainfall intensity,the slope and surface conditions of cropland.The vegetation diverts rain water from the surface into soil and helps the formation of a subsurface runoff,but has little influence on runoff process at the same sloping degree.Vegetated soil has a smaller phosphorous loss,particularly much less in the particulate form.A heavier rainfall flushes away more phosphorous.Rainwater percolating soil carries more dissolved phosphorous than particulate phosphorous.Understanding the patterns of phosphorous transport under various conditions from purple soil in the middle of Sichuan basin is helpful for developing countermeasures against non-point-source pollution resulting in the eutrophication of water bodies in this region that could,if not controlled properly,deteriorate the water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21876090)the Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology(18JCZDJC39400 and 19YFZCSF00920)+1 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1804104)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2019M660985).
文摘Soil pollution endangers human health and ecological balance,which is why finding a highly efficient way to deal with pollutants is necessary.Biological method is an environmentally friendly treatment method.Bioelectrochemical systems(BESs),which combine electrochemistry with biological methods,have been widely used to remediate polluted environments,including wastewater,sludge,sediment,and soil.In BESs,redox reactions occur on electrodes with electroactive bacteria,which convert pollutants into low-polluting or nonpolluting substances.With BESs being a promising technology in the remediation field,the decontamination mechanisms and applications in soil conducted by BESs have attracted much attention.Therefore,to better understand the research progress of BESs,this paper mainly summarizes the mechanism of different classified BESs.The applications of microbial fuel cells(MFCs)in four pollutants(petroleum,heavy metals,pesticides,antibiotics)and the possible applications of microbial electrolysis cells(MECs)in soil are discussed.The main problems in BESs and possible future development directions are also evaluated.
基金Project 30302408 supported by Land and Resource Ministry of China
文摘Heavy metal pollution brings extensive concerns since 1940s. In order to assess the heavy metal pollution on the farmland of Yanzhou coalfield, 216 soil samples and 54 combined samples were collected. Lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, and nickel contained in both topsoil and deep soil were analyzed using atomic absorbent spectrometry analyzer (AAS). Fuzzy clustering method was used in data processing. And fuzzy synthetic assessment was applied to assess the soil contamination by heavy metals. The result shows that Yanzhou coalfield has been polluted by the heavy metals to some extent.
