It is widely known that the hypervelocity impact of orbital debris can cause serious damage to spacecraft,and enhancing the impact resistance is the great concern of spacecraft shield design.This paper provides a comp...It is widely known that the hypervelocity impact of orbital debris can cause serious damage to spacecraft,and enhancing the impact resistance is the great concern of spacecraft shield design.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of advances in the development of bumper materials for spacecraft shield applications.In particular,the protective mechanism and process of the bumper using different materials against hypervelocity impact are reviewed and discussed.The advantages and disadvantages of each material used in shield were discussed,and the performance under hypervelocity impact was given according to the specific configuration.This review provides the useful reference and basis for researchers and engineers to create bumper materials for spacecraft shield applications,and the contemporary challenges and future directions for bumper materials for spacecraft shield were presented.展开更多
The development of China’s space industry puts forward urgent requirements for high-performance debris shielding materials and high energy density rechargeable battery.In this review,the recent progress on debris shi...The development of China’s space industry puts forward urgent requirements for high-performance debris shielding materials and high energy density rechargeable battery.In this review,the recent progress on debris shielding fibrous materials and high energy density Li-S battery are particularly summarized.According to the experimental results,basalt fibers and silicon carbide fibers were chosen as the effective filling shielding materials.The geometric structure of fabrics was also investigated.For the novel shielding materials,high-strength and flexible silicon carbide micro-nano fibrous membranes were designed and fabricated.The obtained membranes with excellent mechanical properties portend the potential applications in debris protection structure.Furthermore,the high specific energy lithium sulfur batteries have made remarkable progress in fundamental research and application research in recent years.In order to solve the key problems of polysulfides shuttle and slow redox kinetics in lithium sulfur battery,a series of transition metal compound@hollow carbon-based material as sulfur host with dual functions of catalysis and adsorption towards polysulfides were designed and constructed.The obtained Li-S pouch cells with high areal sulfur loading of 6.9 mg·cm^(-2)yield exceptional high practical energy density of 382 W·h·kg^(-1)under lean electrolyte of 3.5μL·mg^(-1),demonstrating the great potential of realistic high-energy Li-S batteries.展开更多
In this paper,the design,manufacture and testing of an origami protective shield with a supporting frame structure are presented.It consists of an origami shield surface and a deployable supporting frame structure tha...In this paper,the design,manufacture and testing of an origami protective shield with a supporting frame structure are presented.It consists of an origami shield surface and a deployable supporting frame structure that needs to be portable and sufficiently stiff.First,for the design of the shield surface,a threestage origami crease pattern is developed to reduce the shield size in the folded state.The shield surface consists of several stiff modular panels and layered with flexible fabric.The modular panels are made of a multi-layer composite where a ceramic layer is made of small pieces to improve durability as those small pieces enable restriction of crack propagation.Then,the supporting frame structure is designed as a chain-of-bars structure in order to fold into a highly compact state as a bundle of bars and deploy in sequence.Thus,a feature-driven topology structural optimization method preserving component sequence is developed where the inter-dependence of sub-structures is taken into account.A bar with semi-circular ends is used as a basic design feature.The positions of the bar’s end points are treated as design variables and the width of the bars is kept constant.Then,a constraint on the total length of the chain of bars is introduced.Finally,the modular panels made of multi-layer composite and the full-scale prototype of the origami shield are fabricated and tested to verify the bullet-proof performance.展开更多
半导电屏蔽层对绝缘层空间电荷的分布起着重要作用,绝缘层中空间电荷积累是制约高压直流(high voltage direct current,HVDC)电缆发展的关键因素之一。采用熔融接枝将氯乙酸丙烯酯(CAAE)接枝到乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(ethylene-butyl acr...半导电屏蔽层对绝缘层空间电荷的分布起着重要作用,绝缘层中空间电荷积累是制约高压直流(high voltage direct current,HVDC)电缆发展的关键因素之一。采用熔融接枝将氯乙酸丙烯酯(CAAE)接枝到乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer,EBA)大分子链上,制备了CAAE接枝EBA/炭黑(carbon black,CB)半导电屏蔽料,对其进行了形貌及结构表征,测试了其体积电阻率和其作电极时交联聚乙烯(crosslinked polyethylene,XLPE)绝缘层的空间电荷分布特性及击穿场强,系统研究了CAAE的含量对半导电屏蔽料电性能及XLPE绝缘层空间电荷分布特性和击穿场强的影响。结果表明,CAAE接枝EBA基半导电屏蔽料的体积电阻率随着CAAE含量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,CAAE接枝改性半导电屏蔽可以降低XLPE绝缘层中的电场畸变,其中CAAE含量为1.0phr时,接枝改性半导电屏蔽料的体积电阻率最低,相较于EBA/CB作电极时,XLPE中的最大电场畸变率在30、40和80℃时分别降低了43.2%、69.0%和72.4%,不同温度下XLPE的击穿场强得到了明显提高。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12202068,12202087)China National Space Administration Preliminary Research Project(Grant Nos.KJSP2023020201,KJSP2020010402).
文摘It is widely known that the hypervelocity impact of orbital debris can cause serious damage to spacecraft,and enhancing the impact resistance is the great concern of spacecraft shield design.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of advances in the development of bumper materials for spacecraft shield applications.In particular,the protective mechanism and process of the bumper using different materials against hypervelocity impact are reviewed and discussed.The advantages and disadvantages of each material used in shield were discussed,and the performance under hypervelocity impact was given according to the specific configuration.This review provides the useful reference and basis for researchers and engineers to create bumper materials for spacecraft shield applications,and the contemporary challenges and future directions for bumper materials for spacecraft shield were presented.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52002400)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20200093)。
文摘The development of China’s space industry puts forward urgent requirements for high-performance debris shielding materials and high energy density rechargeable battery.In this review,the recent progress on debris shielding fibrous materials and high energy density Li-S battery are particularly summarized.According to the experimental results,basalt fibers and silicon carbide fibers were chosen as the effective filling shielding materials.The geometric structure of fabrics was also investigated.For the novel shielding materials,high-strength and flexible silicon carbide micro-nano fibrous membranes were designed and fabricated.The obtained membranes with excellent mechanical properties portend the potential applications in debris protection structure.Furthermore,the high specific energy lithium sulfur batteries have made remarkable progress in fundamental research and application research in recent years.In order to solve the key problems of polysulfides shuttle and slow redox kinetics in lithium sulfur battery,a series of transition metal compound@hollow carbon-based material as sulfur host with dual functions of catalysis and adsorption towards polysulfides were designed and constructed.The obtained Li-S pouch cells with high areal sulfur loading of 6.9 mg·cm^(-2)yield exceptional high practical energy density of 382 W·h·kg^(-1)under lean electrolyte of 3.5μL·mg^(-1),demonstrating the great potential of realistic high-energy Li-S batteries.
基金supported by the Chinese Studentship Council(Grant No.201908060224)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11872310,11972308)。
文摘In this paper,the design,manufacture and testing of an origami protective shield with a supporting frame structure are presented.It consists of an origami shield surface and a deployable supporting frame structure that needs to be portable and sufficiently stiff.First,for the design of the shield surface,a threestage origami crease pattern is developed to reduce the shield size in the folded state.The shield surface consists of several stiff modular panels and layered with flexible fabric.The modular panels are made of a multi-layer composite where a ceramic layer is made of small pieces to improve durability as those small pieces enable restriction of crack propagation.Then,the supporting frame structure is designed as a chain-of-bars structure in order to fold into a highly compact state as a bundle of bars and deploy in sequence.Thus,a feature-driven topology structural optimization method preserving component sequence is developed where the inter-dependence of sub-structures is taken into account.A bar with semi-circular ends is used as a basic design feature.The positions of the bar’s end points are treated as design variables and the width of the bars is kept constant.Then,a constraint on the total length of the chain of bars is introduced.Finally,the modular panels made of multi-layer composite and the full-scale prototype of the origami shield are fabricated and tested to verify the bullet-proof performance.
文摘半导电屏蔽层对绝缘层空间电荷的分布起着重要作用,绝缘层中空间电荷积累是制约高压直流(high voltage direct current,HVDC)电缆发展的关键因素之一。采用熔融接枝将氯乙酸丙烯酯(CAAE)接枝到乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer,EBA)大分子链上,制备了CAAE接枝EBA/炭黑(carbon black,CB)半导电屏蔽料,对其进行了形貌及结构表征,测试了其体积电阻率和其作电极时交联聚乙烯(crosslinked polyethylene,XLPE)绝缘层的空间电荷分布特性及击穿场强,系统研究了CAAE的含量对半导电屏蔽料电性能及XLPE绝缘层空间电荷分布特性和击穿场强的影响。结果表明,CAAE接枝EBA基半导电屏蔽料的体积电阻率随着CAAE含量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,CAAE接枝改性半导电屏蔽可以降低XLPE绝缘层中的电场畸变,其中CAAE含量为1.0phr时,接枝改性半导电屏蔽料的体积电阻率最低,相较于EBA/CB作电极时,XLPE中的最大电场畸变率在30、40和80℃时分别降低了43.2%、69.0%和72.4%,不同温度下XLPE的击穿场强得到了明显提高。
