Iron deficiency anemia(IDA)is a nutritional deficiency disease with a high incidence rate worldwide.Bioactive peptides are safe and effective,have multiple functions and can serve as potential candidates for alleviati...Iron deficiency anemia(IDA)is a nutritional deficiency disease with a high incidence rate worldwide.Bioactive peptides are safe and effective,have multiple functions and can serve as potential candidates for alleviating IDA.In this study,the anti-anemia effects of tuna dark muscle peptides were explored in a dietinduced IDA mouse model.The results showed that tuna dark muscle peptides alleviated the IDA phenotype,oxidative stress and iron metabolism.In addition,tuna dark muscle peptides reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis in IDA mice.Furthermore,the transplanted fecal microbiota from tuna dark muscle peptide-treated mice also alleviated IDA symptoms and regulated iron metabolism and the gut microbiota,indicating that the antianemic effects were at least partially mediated by the gut microbiota.Thus,we identified a new and safe prebiotic material to alleviate IDA and provided ideas for the development of peptides.At the same time,these data also provided a theoretical basis for fecal microbiota transplantation to alleviate IDA.展开更多
This study investigated the preventive effects of soybean meal peptides(SPs)and their purification peptides(GTYW)on acute alcoholic liver injury.We combined the gut microbiota,metabolites,liver inflammation,and oxidat...This study investigated the preventive effects of soybean meal peptides(SPs)and their purification peptides(GTYW)on acute alcoholic liver injury.We combined the gut microbiota,metabolites,liver inflammation,and oxidative stress indicators to explore the prevention mechanism of SPs and GTYW.Results showed that SPs,GTYW effectively improved the hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory.Additionally,SPs and GTYW reversed the effects of alcohol on the gut microbiota,which were evident in the increased abundance of Alloprevotella,Parasutterella in the GTYW group and norank_f__Muribaculaceae in the SPs group.Nontargeted metabolomic analysis showed that SPs ameliorated metabolic disorders by regulating phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis,while GTYW regulated metabolites throughα-linolenic acid metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism.Furthermore,significant correlations were observed between gut microbiota,metabolites and liver indicators.These findings confirmed that SPs and GTYW can prevent acute alcoholic liver injury.展开更多
Wild edible Termitomyces mushrooms are popular in Southwest China and umami is important flavor qualities of edible mushrooms.This study aimed to understand the umami taste of Termitomyces intermedius and Termitomyces...Wild edible Termitomyces mushrooms are popular in Southwest China and umami is important flavor qualities of edible mushrooms.This study aimed to understand the umami taste of Termitomyces intermedius and Termitomyces aff.bulborhizus.Ten umami peptides from aqueous extracts were separated using a Sephadex G-15 gel filtration chromatography.The intense umami fraction was evaluated by both sensory evaluation and electronic tongue.They were identified as KLNDAQAPK,DSTDEKFLR,VGKGAHLSGEH,MLKKKKLA,SLGFGGPPGY,TVATFSSSTKPDD,AMDDDEADLLLLAM,VEDEDEKPKEK,SPEEKKEEET and PEGADKPNK.Seven peptides,except VEDEDEKPKEK,SPEEKKEEET and PEGADKPNK were selectively synthesized to verify their taste characteristics.All these 10 peptides had umami or salt taste.The 10 peptides were conducted by molecular docking to study their interaction with identified peptides and the umami taste receptor T1R1/T1R3.All these 10 peptides perfectly docked the active residues in the T1R3 subunit.Our results provide theoretical basis for the umami taste and address the umami mechanism of two wild edible Termitomyces mushrooms.展开更多
Oyster(Crassostrea gigas),the main ingredient of oyster sauce,has a strong umami taste.In this study,three potential umami peptides,FLNQDEEAR(FR-9),FNKEE(FE-5),and EEFLK(EK-5),were identified and screened from the alc...Oyster(Crassostrea gigas),the main ingredient of oyster sauce,has a strong umami taste.In this study,three potential umami peptides,FLNQDEEAR(FR-9),FNKEE(FE-5),and EEFLK(EK-5),were identified and screened from the alcoholic extracts of the oyster using nano-HPLC-MS/MS analysis,i Umami-Scoring Card Method(i Umami-SCM)database and molecular docking(MD).Sensory evaluation and electronic tongue analysis were further used to confirm their tastes.The threshold of the three peptides ranged from 0.38 to 0.55 mg/m L.MD with umami receptors T1R1/T1R3 indicated that the electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bond interaction were the main forces involved.Besides,the Phe592 and Gln853 of T1R3 were the primary docking site for MD and played an important role in umami intensity.Peptides with two Glu residues at the terminus had stronger umami,especially at the C-terminus.These results contribute to the understanding of umami peptides in oysters and the interaction mechanism between umami peptides and umami receptors.展开更多
This study aimed to characterize and identify calcium-chelating peptides from rabbit bone collagen and explore the underlying chelating mechanism.Collagen peptides and calcium were extracted from rabbit bone by instan...This study aimed to characterize and identify calcium-chelating peptides from rabbit bone collagen and explore the underlying chelating mechanism.Collagen peptides and calcium were extracted from rabbit bone by instant ejection steam explosion(ICSE)combined with enzymatic hydrolysis,followed by chelation reaction to prepare rabbit bone peptide-calcium chelate(RBCP-Ca).The chelating sites were further analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass(LC-MS/MS)spectrometry while the chelating mechanism and binding modes were investigated.The structural characterization revealed that RBCP successfully chelated with calcium ions.Furthermore,LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that the binding sites included both acidic amino acids(Asp and Glu)and basic amino acids(Lys and Arg),Interestingly,three binding modes,namely Inter-Linking,Loop-Linking and Mono-Linking were for the first time found,while Inter-Linking mode accounted for the highest proportion(75.1%),suggesting that chelation of calcium ions frequently occurred between two peptides.Overall,this study provides a theoretical basis for the elucidation of chelation mechanism of calcium-chelating peptides.展开更多
The taste presentation and receptor perception mechanism of the salty peptide of Stropharia rugosoannulata were predicted and verified using peptide omics and molecular interaction techniques.The combination of aspart...The taste presentation and receptor perception mechanism of the salty peptide of Stropharia rugosoannulata were predicted and verified using peptide omics and molecular interaction techniques.The combination of aspartic acid(D)and glutamic acid(E),or peptide fragments composed of arginine(R),constitute the characteristic taste structural basis of salty peptides of S.rugosoannulata.The taste intensity of the salty peptide positively correlates with its concentration within a specific concentration range(0.25–1.0 mg/mL).The receptor more easily recognizes the first amino acid residue at the N-terminal of salty peptides and the aspartic acid residue in the peptides.GLU513,ASP707,and VAL508 are the critical amino acid residues for the receptor to recognize salty peptides.TRPV1 is specifically the receptor for recognizing salty peptides.Hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions are the main driving forces for the interactions between salty peptides and TRPV1 receptors.KSWDDFFTR has the most potent binding capacity with the receptor and has tremendous potential for application in sodium salt substitution.This study confirmed the taste receptor that specifically recognizes salty peptides,analyzed the receptor-peptide binding interaction,and provided a new idea for understanding the taste receptor perception of salty peptides.展开更多
Hyperuricemia(HUA)is a vital risk factor for chronic kidney diseases(CKD)and development of functional foods capable of protecting CKD is of importance.This paper aimed to explore the amelioration effects and mechanis...Hyperuricemia(HUA)is a vital risk factor for chronic kidney diseases(CKD)and development of functional foods capable of protecting CKD is of importance.This paper aimed to explore the amelioration effects and mechanism of Andrias davidianus bone peptides(ADBP)on HUA-induced kidney damage.In the present study,we generated the standard ADBP which contained high hydrophobic amino acid and low molecular peptide contents.In vitro results found that ADBP protected uric acid(UA)-induced HK-2 cells from damage by modulating urate transporters and antioxidant defense.In vivo results indicated that ADBP effectively ameliorated renal injury in HUA-induced CKD mice,evidenced by a remarkable decrease in serum UA,creatinine and blood urea nitrogen,improving kidney UA excretion,antioxidant defense and histological kidney deterioration.Metabolomic analysis highlighted 14 metabolites that could be selected as potential biomarkers and attributed to the amelioration effects of ADBP on CKD mice kidney dysfunction.Intriguingly,ADBP restored the gut microbiome homeostasis in CKD mice,especially with respect to the elevated helpful microbial abundance,and the decreased harmful bacterial abundance.This study demonstrated that ADBP displayed great nephroprotective effects,and has great promise as a food or functional food ingredient for the prevention and treatment of HUA-induced CKD.展开更多
Nanostructures/patterns formed by biomolecules can produce different physicochemical properties in terms of hydrophobicity, zeta-potential, color, etc., which play paramount roles in life. Peptides, as the main bio-bu...Nanostructures/patterns formed by biomolecules can produce different physicochemical properties in terms of hydrophobicity, zeta-potential, color, etc., which play paramount roles in life. Peptides, as the main bio-building blocks, can form nanostructures with different functions,either in solutions or on interfaces. Previously, we synthesized a short peptide with the inspiration of an Alzheimer’s disease-related peptide: amyloid β peptide(A-p),namely GAV-9, which can epitaxially self-assemble into regular nanofilaments on liquid-solid interfaces, and it was found that both the hydrophobicity and charge state of the interfaces can significantly influence its assembling behavior. It was also reported that another A-β-containing dipeptide, FF,can self-assemble into nanostructures in solutions. Owing to the close relationship between these two short peptides, it is interesting to conjugate them into a de novo peptide with two separated structural domains and study its self-assembling behavior. To this end, herein we have synthesized the GAV-FF peptide with a sequence of NH2-VGGAVVAGVFF-CONH2 and verified its selfassembling property using the in situ liquid-phase atomic force microscopy. The results show that the GAV-FF peptide can self-assemble into nanofilaments both in solutions and on aqueous-solid interfaces, but with different morphologies. The FF domain accelerates the template-assisted self-assembling(TASA) process of the GAV domain, which in return enhances the solubility of FF in aqueous solutions and further participates in the fibrillization of FF. The current results could help deepen the understanding of the aggregation mechanism of diseaserelated peptides and could also shed light on the strategies to create artificial bio-functional nanostructures/patterns,which hold a significant potential for biomedical applications.展开更多
Globally,the prevalence of anxiety and depression has reached epidemic proportions.Food-derived protein hydrolysates and peptides delivered through dietary supplementation can avoid the negative risks associated with ...Globally,the prevalence of anxiety and depression has reached epidemic proportions.Food-derived protein hydrolysates and peptides delivered through dietary supplementation can avoid the negative risks associated with traditional pharmaceuticals while delivering superior anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.This review summarizes current research on food-derived anxiolytic and antidepressant protein hydrolysates and peptides,and subsequently analyses their physicochemical characteristics and elaborates on their mechanisms.The aim of this work is to contribute to the in-depth study and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of related products to better serve patients with anxiety and depression.展开更多
Two selenium(Se)-containing peptides from Se-enriched rice,TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ,possess neuroprotective potency against lead(Pb2+)-induced cytotoxicity.However,the crosstalk between mRNA and microRNAs(miRNA)involved in...Two selenium(Se)-containing peptides from Se-enriched rice,TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ,possess neuroprotective potency against lead(Pb2+)-induced cytotoxicity.However,the crosstalk between mRNA and microRNAs(miRNA)involved in the neuroprotection mechanism remains to be elucidated.In this study,RNA-sequencing and miRNA-sequencing were used to independently identify differentially expressed mRNAs and small RNAs profiles in Pb^(2+)-treated primary fetal rat cortical neurons and then the correlated miRNA-mRNA target pairs were obtained.It was found that 34 mRNAs related to oxidative phosphorylation could be reversed by pretreatment of TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ.The protective effect of TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ was mediated by upregulation of miR-107-3p,which downregulates the ATPase H+transporting V0 subunit e1(Atp6v0e1)mRNA level.A zebrafish model was applied to verify the relevance between the targeted mRNA and miRNA by real-time quantitative PCR.The results indicated that miR-107-3p was a potential therapeutic target to achieve neuroprotection of Se-containing peptides via stimulation of Atp6v0e1.展开更多
Hyperuricemia,a metabolic disorder related to uric acid metabolism dysregulation,has become a common metabolic disease worldwide,due to changes in lifestyle and dietary structure.In recent years,owing to their high ac...Hyperuricemia,a metabolic disorder related to uric acid metabolism dysregulation,has become a common metabolic disease worldwide,due to changes in lifestyle and dietary structure.In recent years,owing to their high activity and few adverse effects,food-derived active peptides used as functional foods against hyperuricemia have attracted increasing attention.This article aims to focus on the challenge associated with peptide-specific preparation methods development,functional components identification,action mechanism(s)clarification,and bioavailability improvement.The current review proposed recent advances in producing the food-derived peptides with high anti-hyperuricemia activity by protein source screening and matched enzymatic hydrolysis condition adjusting,increased the knowledge about strategies to search antihyperuricemia peptides with definite structure,and emphasized the necessity of combining computer-aided approaches and activity evaluations.In addition,novel action mechanism mediated by gut microbiota was discussed,providing different insights from classical mechanism.Moreover,considering that little attention was paid previously on the structure-activity relationships of anti-hyperuricemia peptides,we collected the sequences from published studies and make a preliminary summary about the structure-activity relationships,which in turn provided guides for enzymatic hydrolysis optimization and bioavailability improvement.Hopefully,this article could promote the development,application and commercialization of food-derived anti-hyperuricemia peptides in the future.展开更多
The traditional nutritional and medical hemp(Cannabis sativa L.)seed protein were explored for the discovery and directional preparation of new xanthine oxidase inhibitory(XOI)peptides by structure-based virtual scree...The traditional nutritional and medical hemp(Cannabis sativa L.)seed protein were explored for the discovery and directional preparation of new xanthine oxidase inhibitory(XOI)peptides by structure-based virtual screening,compound synthesis,in vitro bioassay and proteolysis.Six subtypes of hemp seed edestin and albumin were in silico hydrolyzed by 29 proteases,and 192 encrypted bioactive peptides were screened out.Six peptides showed to be XOI peptides,of which four(about 67%)were released by elastase hydrolysis.The peptide DDNPRRFY displayed the highest XOI activity(IC50=(2.10±0.06)mg/mL),acting as a mixed inhibitor.The pancreatic elastase directionally prepared XOI hemp seed protein hydrolysates,from which 6 high-abundance XOI peptides encrypted 3 virtually-screened ones including the DDNPRRFY.The novel outstanding hemp seed protein-derived XOI peptides and their virtual screening and directed preparation methods provide a promising and applicable approach to conveniently and efficiently explore food-derived bioactive peptides.展开更多
In this study,10 novel anti-inflammatory peptides were identified from duck liver,and their molecular mechanism was demonstrated based on machine learning and molecular docking.Using Sephadex G-15 gel chromatography s...In this study,10 novel anti-inflammatory peptides were identified from duck liver,and their molecular mechanism was demonstrated based on machine learning and molecular docking.Using Sephadex G-15 gel chromatography separation,reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography purification,liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identification,and BIOPEP database comparison,10 novel antiinflammatory peptides were initially found.Their splendid angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibition and anti-inflammatory properties were confirmed by machine learning.With binding energies less than–20.93 kJ/mol,molecular docking revealed that they could efficiently bind to the active pockets of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin 6(IL-6),cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2),and nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)proteins with efficiency,indicating that the compounds can spontaneously form complexes through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with the protein binding pockets.In the lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cell model,the release of NO,TNF-α,and IL-6 and the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors(TNF-α,IL-6,COX-2,and NF-κB)were significantly inhibited by these peptides.We concluded it might be due to their anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the protein phosphorylation of inhibitor of NF-κB(IκBα)in the cytoplasm and preventing the translocation of NF-κB p65 in the cytoplasm to the nucleus,thereby regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.This study is essential for the screening of anti-inflammatory peptides and the investigation of the mechanism of action.展开更多
Walnut dreg protein hydrolysates(WDPHs)exhibit a variety of biological activities,however,the cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)inhibitory peptide of WDPHs remain unclear.The aim of this study was to rapidly screen for such pept...Walnut dreg protein hydrolysates(WDPHs)exhibit a variety of biological activities,however,the cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)inhibitory peptide of WDPHs remain unclear.The aim of this study was to rapidly screen for such peptides in WDPHs through a combination of in silico and in vitro analysis.In total,1262 peptide sequences were observed by nano liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry(nano LC-MS/MS)and 4 novel COX-2 inhibitory peptides(AGFP,FPGA,LFPD,and VGFP)were identified.Enzyme kinetic data indicated that AGFP,FPGA,and LFPD displayed mixed-type COX-2 inhibition,whereas VGFP was a non-competitive inhibitor.This is mainly because the peptides form hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with residues in the COX-2 active site.These results demonstrate that computer analysis combined with in vitro evaluation allows for rapid screening of COX-2 inhibitory peptides in walnut protein dregs.展开更多
Nanostructures self-assembled by cross-β peptides with ordered structures and advantageous mechanical properties have many potential applications in biomaterials and nanotechnologies. Quantifying the intra-and inter-...Nanostructures self-assembled by cross-β peptides with ordered structures and advantageous mechanical properties have many potential applications in biomaterials and nanotechnologies. Quantifying the intra-and inter-molecular driving forces for peptide self-assembly at the atomistic level is essential for understanding the formation mechanism and nanomechanics of various morphologies of self-assembled peptides. We investigate the thermodynamics of the intra-and inter-sheet structure formations in the self-assembly process of cross-β peptide KⅢIK by means of steered molecular dynamics simulation combined with umbrella sampling. It is found that the mechanical properties of the intra-and inter-sheet structures are highly anisotropic with their intermolecular bond stiffness at the temperature of 300 K being 5.58 N/m and 0.32 N/m, respectively. This mechanical anisotropy comes from the fact that the intra-sheet structure is stabilized by enthalpy but the inter-sheet structure is stabilized by entropy. Moreover, the formation process of KⅢIK intra-sheet structure is cooperatively driven by the van der Waals （VDW） interaction between the hydrophobic side chains and the electrostatic interaction between the hydrophilic backbones, but that of the inter-sheet structure is primarily driven by the VDW interaction between the hydrophobic side chains. Although only peptide KⅢIK is studied, the qualitative conclusions on the formation mechanism should also apply to other cross-β peptides.展开更多
Ganoderma lingzhi is a new species of the prize medicinal mushroom Ganoderma(Agaricomycetes).Using angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE)as a target,a tripeptide Ser-Tyr-Pro(SYP)was discovered with preponderant ACE inhi...Ganoderma lingzhi is a new species of the prize medicinal mushroom Ganoderma(Agaricomycetes).Using angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE)as a target,a tripeptide Ser-Tyr-Pro(SYP)was discovered with preponderant ACE inhibitory activity with an 50%inhibiting concentration(IC_(50))value of 62.50μg/mL attribute to the formed salt bridge and hydrogen bonds between SYP and ACE.SYP even maintained superior bioactivity after intestinal digestion,and exerted no cytotoxicity,but presented incomplete bioavailability in blood of spontaneous hypertensive rats(SHRs).Furthermore,it performed antihypertensive effect in vivo by inhibiting the influx of Ca^(2+)through activating endothelial NO synthase(e NOS)/NO/guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate(c GMP)pathway,accompanied by attenuating angiotensin II(Ang II)/NADPH oxidase(NOX)/reactive oxygen species(ROS)pathway.This work not only discoverers a novel pharmacological ingredient from medicinal mushroom G.lingzhi for hypertension therapy,but also provides an insight into molecular mechanism of the ACE inhibitory peptide(ACEIP)on lowering blood pressure.展开更多
The anti-inflammatory properties of silkworm pupa peptide(SPP)have been recognized for their potential benefits in colitis treatment.However,the underlying mechanism of SPP in colitis animal models remains unclear.The...The anti-inflammatory properties of silkworm pupa peptide(SPP)have been recognized for their potential benefits in colitis treatment.However,the underlying mechanism of SPP in colitis animal models remains unclear.The objective of our work was to investigate the improving effect and the mechanism of action of SPP on a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.The findings suggested that SPP effectively eased ulcerative colitis(UC)symptoms in mice by decreasing disease activity index,ameliorating histopathological injury,and decreasing serum and colonic markers of inflammation.In addition,our research findings demonstrated that SPP restored intestinal barrier function by increasing the production of tight junction proteins such as zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),claudin-1,claudin-3,occludin,and adherens junction protein E-cadherin1.Further,SPP supplementation enhanced the concentration of short-chain fatty acids and positively altered the makeup of the gut bacteria in the mice's gut.These findings underscore SPP's ability to slow the progression of colitis and point to its possible use as a functional component in dietary supplements for the prevention of early-stage colitis.展开更多
Under appropriate physicochemical conditions, short peptide fragments and their synthetic mimics have been shown to form elongated cross-fl nanostructures through self-assembly. The self-assembly process and the resul...Under appropriate physicochemical conditions, short peptide fragments and their synthetic mimics have been shown to form elongated cross-fl nanostructures through self-assembly. The self-assembly process and the resultant peptide nanos- tructures are not only related to neurodegenerative diseases but also provide inspiration for the development of novel bionanomaterials. Both experimental and theoretical studies on peptide self-assembly have shown that the self-assembly process spans multiple time and length scales and is hierarchical, β-sheet self-assembly consists of three sub-processes from the microscopic to the mesoscopic level： β-sheet locking, lateral stacking, and morphological transformation. De- tailed atomistic simulation studies have provided insight into the early stages of peptide nanostructure formation and the interplay between different non-covalent interactions at the microscopic level. This review gives a brief introduction of the hierarchical peptide self-assembly process and focuses on the roles of various non-covalent interactions in the sub-processes based on recent simulation, experimental, and theoretical studies.展开更多
Objective.To investigate the effects of several vasoactive peptides on the development of arterial restenosis after balloon angioplasty. Methods. In rat aortic artery restenosis model produced by denudation of aortic ...Objective.To investigate the effects of several vasoactive peptides on the development of arterial restenosis after balloon angioplasty. Methods. In rat aortic artery restenosis model produced by denudation of aortic endothelia,we observed changes of endothelin(ET),angiotensin II(AII),calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)and adrenomedullin(Adm)in plasma and aorta with radioimmunoassay and expression of hypertension-related gene(HRG-1)with semi-quantitative RT-PCR,and studied the effects of these peptides on intimal hyperplasia,intima/media ratio and MAPK activities of aortic artery after angioplasty respectively. Furthermore,in cultured cells,we studied the effects of these peptides on vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC) proliferation and expression of HRG-1 of VSMC from spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR)and Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)rats with 3H-TdR incorporation and RT-PCR respectively. Results. After angioplasty,the levels of ET and AII in plasma and aorta significantly increased,accompanied with VSMC proliferation and neointima hyperplasia. On day 10 after angioplasty,the levels of ET in plasma and aorta increased by 69% and 124% respectively,compared with sham group(P<0.01);and the level of aortic AII increased by 80%(P< 0.01). Antiserum against ET or inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)could significantly inhibit the proliferation of VSMC and neointima formation. Compared with the sham group,on day 3 after angioplasty,the CGRP levels in plasma and aorta increased by 64% and 89% respectively(P< 0.01)and the Adm levels in plasma and tissue increased by 129% and 102% respectively(P< 0.01). On day 10,intravenous administration of CGRP significantly inhibited the proliferation of VSMC and neointima forma-tion induced by balloon aortic injury(by 66% and 79% respectively,P< 0.01). In addition,ET and AII attenuated the expression of HRG-1 in aorta and stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity,while CGRP and Adm potentiated the expression of HRG-1 and inhibited MAPK.Conclusions. ET and AII can stimulate the proliferation of injured intima while CGRP and Adm have an anti-hyperplasia effect after angioplasty. These 4 peptides are involved in the regulation of VSMC proliferation and affect the development of vascular restenosis by regulating the expression of HRG-1 and MAPK activity.展开更多
Flaxseed proteins and antioxidant peptides(AP)encrypted in their sequences were analysed in silico with a range of bioinformatics tools to study their physicochemical properties,allergenicity,and toxicity.Nine proteas...Flaxseed proteins and antioxidant peptides(AP)encrypted in their sequences were analysed in silico with a range of bioinformatics tools to study their physicochemical properties,allergenicity,and toxicity.Nine proteases(digestive,plant and microbial sources)were assessed for their ability to release known APs from 23 mature flaxseed storage proteins using the BIOPEP database.The families of proteins identified were predominantly globulins,oleosins,and small amount of conlinin.Overall,253 APs were identified from these proteins.More peptides were released by enzymatic hydrolysis from the globulins than those from oleosins and conlinin.Compared with other enzymes studied,the plant proteases(papain,ficin,and bromelain)were found to be superior to releasing APs from the flaxseed proteins.Analysis of toxicity by ToxinPred showed that none of the peptides released was toxic.Most of the APs showed structural features that are important for antioxidation,including relatively low molecular weight(dipeptides and tripeptides only);amphipathic properties(hydrophobicity range of-0.5 to+0.5);relatively low Boman index(≤2);broad range of pI(3.7-10.8),and an abundance of antioxidant amino acid residues(e.g.glutamic acid and histidine).This study demonstrate the suitability of flaxseed proteins as a source of APs.展开更多
基金sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ22D060002 and LTGC23C190001)Fund of State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products(ZS20190105)+1 种基金General Project of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education(Y202146257)K.C.Wong Magna Fund of Ningbo University。
文摘Iron deficiency anemia(IDA)is a nutritional deficiency disease with a high incidence rate worldwide.Bioactive peptides are safe and effective,have multiple functions and can serve as potential candidates for alleviating IDA.In this study,the anti-anemia effects of tuna dark muscle peptides were explored in a dietinduced IDA mouse model.The results showed that tuna dark muscle peptides alleviated the IDA phenotype,oxidative stress and iron metabolism.In addition,tuna dark muscle peptides reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis in IDA mice.Furthermore,the transplanted fecal microbiota from tuna dark muscle peptide-treated mice also alleviated IDA symptoms and regulated iron metabolism and the gut microbiota,indicating that the antianemic effects were at least partially mediated by the gut microbiota.Thus,we identified a new and safe prebiotic material to alleviate IDA and provided ideas for the development of peptides.At the same time,these data also provided a theoretical basis for fecal microbiota transplantation to alleviate IDA.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD2101002)Jilin Province Science and Technology Youth Talent Support Project(QT202021)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘This study investigated the preventive effects of soybean meal peptides(SPs)and their purification peptides(GTYW)on acute alcoholic liver injury.We combined the gut microbiota,metabolites,liver inflammation,and oxidative stress indicators to explore the prevention mechanism of SPs and GTYW.Results showed that SPs,GTYW effectively improved the hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory.Additionally,SPs and GTYW reversed the effects of alcohol on the gut microbiota,which were evident in the increased abundance of Alloprevotella,Parasutterella in the GTYW group and norank_f__Muribaculaceae in the SPs group.Nontargeted metabolomic analysis showed that SPs ameliorated metabolic disorders by regulating phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis,while GTYW regulated metabolites throughα-linolenic acid metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism.Furthermore,significant correlations were observed between gut microbiota,metabolites and liver indicators.These findings confirmed that SPs and GTYW can prevent acute alcoholic liver injury.
基金supported by the Yunnan Key Project of Science and Technology(202202AE090001)Postdoctoral Directional Training Foundation of Yunnan Province(E23174K2)Postdoctoral Research Funding Projects of Yunnan Province,China(E2313442)。
文摘Wild edible Termitomyces mushrooms are popular in Southwest China and umami is important flavor qualities of edible mushrooms.This study aimed to understand the umami taste of Termitomyces intermedius and Termitomyces aff.bulborhizus.Ten umami peptides from aqueous extracts were separated using a Sephadex G-15 gel filtration chromatography.The intense umami fraction was evaluated by both sensory evaluation and electronic tongue.They were identified as KLNDAQAPK,DSTDEKFLR,VGKGAHLSGEH,MLKKKKLA,SLGFGGPPGY,TVATFSSSTKPDD,AMDDDEADLLLLAM,VEDEDEKPKEK,SPEEKKEEET and PEGADKPNK.Seven peptides,except VEDEDEKPKEK,SPEEKKEEET and PEGADKPNK were selectively synthesized to verify their taste characteristics.All these 10 peptides had umami or salt taste.The 10 peptides were conducted by molecular docking to study their interaction with identified peptides and the umami taste receptor T1R1/T1R3.All these 10 peptides perfectly docked the active residues in the T1R3 subunit.Our results provide theoretical basis for the umami taste and address the umami mechanism of two wild edible Termitomyces mushrooms.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China:Investigate the mechanism of formation and control technologies of Chinese traditional and ethnic food quality(2021YFD2100100)。
文摘Oyster(Crassostrea gigas),the main ingredient of oyster sauce,has a strong umami taste.In this study,three potential umami peptides,FLNQDEEAR(FR-9),FNKEE(FE-5),and EEFLK(EK-5),were identified and screened from the alcoholic extracts of the oyster using nano-HPLC-MS/MS analysis,i Umami-Scoring Card Method(i Umami-SCM)database and molecular docking(MD).Sensory evaluation and electronic tongue analysis were further used to confirm their tastes.The threshold of the three peptides ranged from 0.38 to 0.55 mg/m L.MD with umami receptors T1R1/T1R3 indicated that the electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bond interaction were the main forces involved.Besides,the Phe592 and Gln853 of T1R3 were the primary docking site for MD and played an important role in umami intensity.Peptides with two Glu residues at the terminus had stronger umami,especially at the C-terminus.These results contribute to the understanding of umami peptides in oysters and the interaction mechanism between umami peptides and umami receptors.
基金granted by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFD21001005)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31972102,32101980)+1 种基金Special key project of Chongqing technology innovation and application development (cstc2021jscx-cylhX0014)Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Project (cstc2021jscx-tpyzxX0014)。
文摘This study aimed to characterize and identify calcium-chelating peptides from rabbit bone collagen and explore the underlying chelating mechanism.Collagen peptides and calcium were extracted from rabbit bone by instant ejection steam explosion(ICSE)combined with enzymatic hydrolysis,followed by chelation reaction to prepare rabbit bone peptide-calcium chelate(RBCP-Ca).The chelating sites were further analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass(LC-MS/MS)spectrometry while the chelating mechanism and binding modes were investigated.The structural characterization revealed that RBCP successfully chelated with calcium ions.Furthermore,LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that the binding sites included both acidic amino acids(Asp and Glu)and basic amino acids(Lys and Arg),Interestingly,three binding modes,namely Inter-Linking,Loop-Linking and Mono-Linking were for the first time found,while Inter-Linking mode accounted for the highest proportion(75.1%),suggesting that chelation of calcium ions frequently occurred between two peptides.Overall,this study provides a theoretical basis for the elucidation of chelation mechanism of calcium-chelating peptides.
基金funded by Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(No.23ZR1426100)SAAS program for Excellent Research Team(No.G202203)。
文摘The taste presentation and receptor perception mechanism of the salty peptide of Stropharia rugosoannulata were predicted and verified using peptide omics and molecular interaction techniques.The combination of aspartic acid(D)and glutamic acid(E),or peptide fragments composed of arginine(R),constitute the characteristic taste structural basis of salty peptides of S.rugosoannulata.The taste intensity of the salty peptide positively correlates with its concentration within a specific concentration range(0.25–1.0 mg/mL).The receptor more easily recognizes the first amino acid residue at the N-terminal of salty peptides and the aspartic acid residue in the peptides.GLU513,ASP707,and VAL508 are the critical amino acid residues for the receptor to recognize salty peptides.TRPV1 is specifically the receptor for recognizing salty peptides.Hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions are the main driving forces for the interactions between salty peptides and TRPV1 receptors.KSWDDFFTR has the most potent binding capacity with the receptor and has tremendous potential for application in sodium salt substitution.This study confirmed the taste receptor that specifically recognizes salty peptides,analyzed the receptor-peptide binding interaction,and provided a new idea for understanding the taste receptor perception of salty peptides.
基金financially supported by Shenzhen Agricultural Development Special Fund(Fishery)Agricultural High-Tech Project([2021]735)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(KCXFZ20201221173207022)Youth Science Foundation Project(32101936)。
文摘Hyperuricemia(HUA)is a vital risk factor for chronic kidney diseases(CKD)and development of functional foods capable of protecting CKD is of importance.This paper aimed to explore the amelioration effects and mechanism of Andrias davidianus bone peptides(ADBP)on HUA-induced kidney damage.In the present study,we generated the standard ADBP which contained high hydrophobic amino acid and low molecular peptide contents.In vitro results found that ADBP protected uric acid(UA)-induced HK-2 cells from damage by modulating urate transporters and antioxidant defense.In vivo results indicated that ADBP effectively ameliorated renal injury in HUA-induced CKD mice,evidenced by a remarkable decrease in serum UA,creatinine and blood urea nitrogen,improving kidney UA excretion,antioxidant defense and histological kidney deterioration.Metabolomic analysis highlighted 14 metabolites that could be selected as potential biomarkers and attributed to the amelioration effects of ADBP on CKD mice kidney dysfunction.Intriguingly,ADBP restored the gut microbiome homeostasis in CKD mice,especially with respect to the elevated helpful microbial abundance,and the decreased harmful bacterial abundance.This study demonstrated that ADBP displayed great nephroprotective effects,and has great promise as a food or functional food ingredient for the prevention and treatment of HUA-induced CKD.
基金the Program Funded by the University for Fostering Distinguished Young Scholarsthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51763019,U1832125)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M630937)the Grassland Talents Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regionthe Distinguished Young Scholars Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regionthe Young Leading Talents of Science and Technology Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
文摘Nanostructures/patterns formed by biomolecules can produce different physicochemical properties in terms of hydrophobicity, zeta-potential, color, etc., which play paramount roles in life. Peptides, as the main bio-building blocks, can form nanostructures with different functions,either in solutions or on interfaces. Previously, we synthesized a short peptide with the inspiration of an Alzheimer’s disease-related peptide: amyloid β peptide(A-p),namely GAV-9, which can epitaxially self-assemble into regular nanofilaments on liquid-solid interfaces, and it was found that both the hydrophobicity and charge state of the interfaces can significantly influence its assembling behavior. It was also reported that another A-β-containing dipeptide, FF,can self-assemble into nanostructures in solutions. Owing to the close relationship between these two short peptides, it is interesting to conjugate them into a de novo peptide with two separated structural domains and study its self-assembling behavior. To this end, herein we have synthesized the GAV-FF peptide with a sequence of NH2-VGGAVVAGVFF-CONH2 and verified its selfassembling property using the in situ liquid-phase atomic force microscopy. The results show that the GAV-FF peptide can self-assemble into nanofilaments both in solutions and on aqueous-solid interfaces, but with different morphologies. The FF domain accelerates the template-assisted self-assembling(TASA) process of the GAV domain, which in return enhances the solubility of FF in aqueous solutions and further participates in the fibrillization of FF. The current results could help deepen the understanding of the aggregation mechanism of diseaserelated peptides and could also shed light on the strategies to create artificial bio-functional nanostructures/patterns,which hold a significant potential for biomedical applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD2100402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81903275)the Fund of the Cultivation Project of Double First-Class Disciplines of Food Science and Engineering,Beijing Technology&Business University (BTBUYXTD202203)。
文摘Globally,the prevalence of anxiety and depression has reached epidemic proportions.Food-derived protein hydrolysates and peptides delivered through dietary supplementation can avoid the negative risks associated with traditional pharmaceuticals while delivering superior anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.This review summarizes current research on food-derived anxiolytic and antidepressant protein hydrolysates and peptides,and subsequently analyses their physicochemical characteristics and elaborates on their mechanisms.The aim of this work is to contribute to the in-depth study and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of related products to better serve patients with anxiety and depression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272319,31972020,32202032)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Two selenium(Se)-containing peptides from Se-enriched rice,TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ,possess neuroprotective potency against lead(Pb2+)-induced cytotoxicity.However,the crosstalk between mRNA and microRNAs(miRNA)involved in the neuroprotection mechanism remains to be elucidated.In this study,RNA-sequencing and miRNA-sequencing were used to independently identify differentially expressed mRNAs and small RNAs profiles in Pb^(2+)-treated primary fetal rat cortical neurons and then the correlated miRNA-mRNA target pairs were obtained.It was found that 34 mRNAs related to oxidative phosphorylation could be reversed by pretreatment of TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ.The protective effect of TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ was mediated by upregulation of miR-107-3p,which downregulates the ATPase H+transporting V0 subunit e1(Atp6v0e1)mRNA level.A zebrafish model was applied to verify the relevance between the targeted mRNA and miRNA by real-time quantitative PCR.The results indicated that miR-107-3p was a potential therapeutic target to achieve neuroprotection of Se-containing peptides via stimulation of Atp6v0e1.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation China(32270115)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0901102)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang(SJLY2021015)K.C.Wong Magna Fund of Ningbo University。
文摘Hyperuricemia,a metabolic disorder related to uric acid metabolism dysregulation,has become a common metabolic disease worldwide,due to changes in lifestyle and dietary structure.In recent years,owing to their high activity and few adverse effects,food-derived active peptides used as functional foods against hyperuricemia have attracted increasing attention.This article aims to focus on the challenge associated with peptide-specific preparation methods development,functional components identification,action mechanism(s)clarification,and bioavailability improvement.The current review proposed recent advances in producing the food-derived peptides with high anti-hyperuricemia activity by protein source screening and matched enzymatic hydrolysis condition adjusting,increased the knowledge about strategies to search antihyperuricemia peptides with definite structure,and emphasized the necessity of combining computer-aided approaches and activity evaluations.In addition,novel action mechanism mediated by gut microbiota was discussed,providing different insights from classical mechanism.Moreover,considering that little attention was paid previously on the structure-activity relationships of anti-hyperuricemia peptides,we collected the sequences from published studies and make a preliminary summary about the structure-activity relationships,which in turn provided guides for enzymatic hydrolysis optimization and bioavailability improvement.Hopefully,this article could promote the development,application and commercialization of food-derived anti-hyperuricemia peptides in the future.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21868003)Bama County Program for Talents in Science and Technology(BaRenKe20210045).
文摘The traditional nutritional and medical hemp(Cannabis sativa L.)seed protein were explored for the discovery and directional preparation of new xanthine oxidase inhibitory(XOI)peptides by structure-based virtual screening,compound synthesis,in vitro bioassay and proteolysis.Six subtypes of hemp seed edestin and albumin were in silico hydrolyzed by 29 proteases,and 192 encrypted bioactive peptides were screened out.Six peptides showed to be XOI peptides,of which four(about 67%)were released by elastase hydrolysis.The peptide DDNPRRFY displayed the highest XOI activity(IC50=(2.10±0.06)mg/mL),acting as a mixed inhibitor.The pancreatic elastase directionally prepared XOI hemp seed protein hydrolysates,from which 6 high-abundance XOI peptides encrypted 3 virtually-screened ones including the DDNPRRFY.The novel outstanding hemp seed protein-derived XOI peptides and their virtual screening and directed preparation methods provide a promising and applicable approach to conveniently and efficiently explore food-derived bioactive peptides.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100104)Science and Technology Programs of Zhejiang(2019C02085)the Modern Agricultural Technical Foundation of China(CARS-42-25).
文摘In this study,10 novel anti-inflammatory peptides were identified from duck liver,and their molecular mechanism was demonstrated based on machine learning and molecular docking.Using Sephadex G-15 gel chromatography separation,reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography purification,liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identification,and BIOPEP database comparison,10 novel antiinflammatory peptides were initially found.Their splendid angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibition and anti-inflammatory properties were confirmed by machine learning.With binding energies less than–20.93 kJ/mol,molecular docking revealed that they could efficiently bind to the active pockets of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin 6(IL-6),cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2),and nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)proteins with efficiency,indicating that the compounds can spontaneously form complexes through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with the protein binding pockets.In the lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cell model,the release of NO,TNF-α,and IL-6 and the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors(TNF-α,IL-6,COX-2,and NF-κB)were significantly inhibited by these peptides.We concluded it might be due to their anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the protein phosphorylation of inhibitor of NF-κB(IκBα)in the cytoplasm and preventing the translocation of NF-κB p65 in the cytoplasm to the nucleus,thereby regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.This study is essential for the screening of anti-inflammatory peptides and the investigation of the mechanism of action.
基金supported by the Major Project of Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province (202002AA100005 and 202102AE090027-2)the Project of Yunnan Province Food and Drug Homologous Resources Functional Food Innovation Team (A3032023057)+2 种基金the YEFICRC project of Yunnan provincial key programs (2019ZG009)Yunnan Province Ten Thousand Plan Industrial Technology Talents project (YNWR-CYJS-2020-010)the Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Agricultural Joint Special Project (202101BD070001-120)。
文摘Walnut dreg protein hydrolysates(WDPHs)exhibit a variety of biological activities,however,the cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)inhibitory peptide of WDPHs remain unclear.The aim of this study was to rapidly screen for such peptides in WDPHs through a combination of in silico and in vitro analysis.In total,1262 peptide sequences were observed by nano liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry(nano LC-MS/MS)and 4 novel COX-2 inhibitory peptides(AGFP,FPGA,LFPD,and VGFP)were identified.Enzyme kinetic data indicated that AGFP,FPGA,and LFPD displayed mixed-type COX-2 inhibition,whereas VGFP was a non-competitive inhibitor.This is mainly because the peptides form hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with residues in the COX-2 active site.These results demonstrate that computer analysis combined with in vitro evaluation allows for rapid screening of COX-2 inhibitory peptides in walnut protein dregs.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB932804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11421063,11647601,11504431,and 21503275)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of China University of Petroleum(East China)for Young Scholar(Grant Y1304073)financial support through the CAS Biophysics Interdisciplinary Innovation Team Project(Grant No.2060299)
文摘Nanostructures self-assembled by cross-β peptides with ordered structures and advantageous mechanical properties have many potential applications in biomaterials and nanotechnologies. Quantifying the intra-and inter-molecular driving forces for peptide self-assembly at the atomistic level is essential for understanding the formation mechanism and nanomechanics of various morphologies of self-assembled peptides. We investigate the thermodynamics of the intra-and inter-sheet structure formations in the self-assembly process of cross-β peptide KⅢIK by means of steered molecular dynamics simulation combined with umbrella sampling. It is found that the mechanical properties of the intra-and inter-sheet structures are highly anisotropic with their intermolecular bond stiffness at the temperature of 300 K being 5.58 N/m and 0.32 N/m, respectively. This mechanical anisotropy comes from the fact that the intra-sheet structure is stabilized by enthalpy but the inter-sheet structure is stabilized by entropy. Moreover, the formation process of KⅢIK intra-sheet structure is cooperatively driven by the van der Waals （VDW） interaction between the hydrophobic side chains and the electrostatic interaction between the hydrophilic backbones, but that of the inter-sheet structure is primarily driven by the VDW interaction between the hydrophobic side chains. Although only peptide KⅢIK is studied, the qualitative conclusions on the formation mechanism should also apply to other cross-β peptides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071673 and 32202573)the Program of Hunan Science and Technology Innovation Team(2021RC4063)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JJ31151 and 2022JJ50028)the Key Scientific Research Project of Hunan Education Department(22A0538)。
文摘Ganoderma lingzhi is a new species of the prize medicinal mushroom Ganoderma(Agaricomycetes).Using angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE)as a target,a tripeptide Ser-Tyr-Pro(SYP)was discovered with preponderant ACE inhibitory activity with an 50%inhibiting concentration(IC_(50))value of 62.50μg/mL attribute to the formed salt bridge and hydrogen bonds between SYP and ACE.SYP even maintained superior bioactivity after intestinal digestion,and exerted no cytotoxicity,but presented incomplete bioavailability in blood of spontaneous hypertensive rats(SHRs).Furthermore,it performed antihypertensive effect in vivo by inhibiting the influx of Ca^(2+)through activating endothelial NO synthase(e NOS)/NO/guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate(c GMP)pathway,accompanied by attenuating angiotensin II(Ang II)/NADPH oxidase(NOX)/reactive oxygen species(ROS)pathway.This work not only discoverers a novel pharmacological ingredient from medicinal mushroom G.lingzhi for hypertension therapy,but also provides an insight into molecular mechanism of the ACE inhibitory peptide(ACEIP)on lowering blood pressure.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1103802)。
文摘The anti-inflammatory properties of silkworm pupa peptide(SPP)have been recognized for their potential benefits in colitis treatment.However,the underlying mechanism of SPP in colitis animal models remains unclear.The objective of our work was to investigate the improving effect and the mechanism of action of SPP on a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.The findings suggested that SPP effectively eased ulcerative colitis(UC)symptoms in mice by decreasing disease activity index,ameliorating histopathological injury,and decreasing serum and colonic markers of inflammation.In addition,our research findings demonstrated that SPP restored intestinal barrier function by increasing the production of tight junction proteins such as zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),claudin-1,claudin-3,occludin,and adherens junction protein E-cadherin1.Further,SPP supplementation enhanced the concentration of short-chain fatty acids and positively altered the makeup of the gut bacteria in the mice's gut.These findings underscore SPP's ability to slow the progression of colitis and point to its possible use as a functional component in dietary supplements for the prevention of early-stage colitis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21373270 and 11504431)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China(Grant No.15CX02025A)
文摘Under appropriate physicochemical conditions, short peptide fragments and their synthetic mimics have been shown to form elongated cross-fl nanostructures through self-assembly. The self-assembly process and the resultant peptide nanos- tructures are not only related to neurodegenerative diseases but also provide inspiration for the development of novel bionanomaterials. Both experimental and theoretical studies on peptide self-assembly have shown that the self-assembly process spans multiple time and length scales and is hierarchical, β-sheet self-assembly consists of three sub-processes from the microscopic to the mesoscopic level： β-sheet locking, lateral stacking, and morphological transformation. De- tailed atomistic simulation studies have provided insight into the early stages of peptide nanostructure formation and the interplay between different non-covalent interactions at the microscopic level. This review gives a brief introduction of the hierarchical peptide self-assembly process and focuses on the roles of various non-covalent interactions in the sub-processes based on recent simulation, experimental, and theoretical studies.
基金This work was supported by the research grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (39870355).This work was originally published in National Medical Journal of China(2001 18: 162-167)in Chinese.
文摘Objective.To investigate the effects of several vasoactive peptides on the development of arterial restenosis after balloon angioplasty. Methods. In rat aortic artery restenosis model produced by denudation of aortic endothelia,we observed changes of endothelin(ET),angiotensin II(AII),calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)and adrenomedullin(Adm)in plasma and aorta with radioimmunoassay and expression of hypertension-related gene(HRG-1)with semi-quantitative RT-PCR,and studied the effects of these peptides on intimal hyperplasia,intima/media ratio and MAPK activities of aortic artery after angioplasty respectively. Furthermore,in cultured cells,we studied the effects of these peptides on vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC) proliferation and expression of HRG-1 of VSMC from spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR)and Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)rats with 3H-TdR incorporation and RT-PCR respectively. Results. After angioplasty,the levels of ET and AII in plasma and aorta significantly increased,accompanied with VSMC proliferation and neointima hyperplasia. On day 10 after angioplasty,the levels of ET in plasma and aorta increased by 69% and 124% respectively,compared with sham group(P<0.01);and the level of aortic AII increased by 80%(P< 0.01). Antiserum against ET or inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)could significantly inhibit the proliferation of VSMC and neointima formation. Compared with the sham group,on day 3 after angioplasty,the CGRP levels in plasma and aorta increased by 64% and 89% respectively(P< 0.01)and the Adm levels in plasma and tissue increased by 129% and 102% respectively(P< 0.01). On day 10,intravenous administration of CGRP significantly inhibited the proliferation of VSMC and neointima forma-tion induced by balloon aortic injury(by 66% and 79% respectively,P< 0.01). In addition,ET and AII attenuated the expression of HRG-1 in aorta and stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity,while CGRP and Adm potentiated the expression of HRG-1 and inhibited MAPK.Conclusions. ET and AII can stimulate the proliferation of injured intima while CGRP and Adm have an anti-hyperplasia effect after angioplasty. These 4 peptides are involved in the regulation of VSMC proliferation and affect the development of vascular restenosis by regulating the expression of HRG-1 and MAPK activity.
文摘Flaxseed proteins and antioxidant peptides(AP)encrypted in their sequences were analysed in silico with a range of bioinformatics tools to study their physicochemical properties,allergenicity,and toxicity.Nine proteases(digestive,plant and microbial sources)were assessed for their ability to release known APs from 23 mature flaxseed storage proteins using the BIOPEP database.The families of proteins identified were predominantly globulins,oleosins,and small amount of conlinin.Overall,253 APs were identified from these proteins.More peptides were released by enzymatic hydrolysis from the globulins than those from oleosins and conlinin.Compared with other enzymes studied,the plant proteases(papain,ficin,and bromelain)were found to be superior to releasing APs from the flaxseed proteins.Analysis of toxicity by ToxinPred showed that none of the peptides released was toxic.Most of the APs showed structural features that are important for antioxidation,including relatively low molecular weight(dipeptides and tripeptides only);amphipathic properties(hydrophobicity range of-0.5 to+0.5);relatively low Boman index(≤2);broad range of pI(3.7-10.8),and an abundance of antioxidant amino acid residues(e.g.glutamic acid and histidine).This study demonstrate the suitability of flaxseed proteins as a source of APs.
