Building a lunar human base is one of the important goals of human lunar exploration.This paper proposes a method for the production of oxygen by combining photothermal synergistic water decomposition with high-temper...Building a lunar human base is one of the important goals of human lunar exploration.This paper proposes a method for the production of oxygen by combining photothermal synergistic water decomposition with high-temperature carbon dioxide electrolysis,utilizing the full solar spectrum.The optimal oxygen production rates under different solid oxide electrolysis cell inlet temperatures T_(e),ultraviolet(UV)separation wavelengths λ_(2),infrared(IR)separation wavelengths,and photovoltaic cell materials were explored.The results indicate that the inlet temperature of the solid oxide electrolysis cell should be as high as possible so that more carbon dioxide can be converted into carbon monoxide and oxygen.Furthermore,when the ultraviolet separation wavelength is approximately 385 nm,the proportion of solar energy allocated to the photoreaction and electrolysis cell is optimal,and the oxygen production rate is highest at 2.754×10^(-4) mol/s.Moreover,the infrared separation wavelength should be increased as much as possible within the allowable range to increase the amount of solar radiation allocated to the electrolysis cell to improve the rate of oxygen generation.In addition,copper indium gallium selenide(CIGS)has a relatively large separation wavelength,which can result in a high oxygen production rate of 3.560×10^(-4) mol/s.The proposed integrated oxygen production method can provide a feasible solution for supplying oxygen to a lunar human base.展开更多
Carbon emissions mainly result from energy consumption. Carbon emissions inevitably will increase to some extent with economic expansion and rising energy consumption. We introduce a gray theory of quantitative analys...Carbon emissions mainly result from energy consumption. Carbon emissions inevitably will increase to some extent with economic expansion and rising energy consumption. We introduce a gray theory of quantitative analysis of the energy consumption of residential buildings in Chongqing,China,on the impact of carbon emission factors. Three impacts are analyzed,namely per capita residential housing area,domestic water consumption and the rate of air conditioner ownership per 100 urban households. The gray prediction model established using the Chongqing carbon emission-residential building energy consumption forecast model is sufficiently accurate to achieve a measure of feasibility and applicability.展开更多
A circular and sustainable economy for the private transport sector requires a holistic view of the emitted CO_(2) emissions.Looking at the energy supplied to the vehicle in terms of a circular economy leads to defoss...A circular and sustainable economy for the private transport sector requires a holistic view of the emitted CO_(2) emissions.Looking at the energy supplied to the vehicle in terms of a circular economy leads to defossilisation.The remaining energy sources or forms are renewable electric energy,green hydrogen and renewable fuels.A holistic view of the CO_(2) emissions of these energy sources and forms and the resulting powertrain technologies must take into account all cradle-to-grave emissions for both the vehicle and the energy supply.In order to compare the different forms of energy,the three most relevant forms of powertrain technology are considered and a configuration is chosen that allows for an appropriate comparison.For this purpose,data from the FVV project“Powertrain 2040”are used[1]and combined with research data on the energy supply chain for passenger cars.The three comparable powertrain configurations are a battery electric vehicle,a fuel cell electric vehicle and an internal combustion engine hybrid vehicle fueled with electric fuel.First,the three selected powertrain configurations are presented in terms of their performance,weight,technology and other characteristics.A comparative analysis is carried out for different CO_(2) emissions of the electricity mix.The electricity mix is used for both the production of the vehicle and the energy.The results are presented in the form of cradle-to-wheel emissions,which consider the total CO_(2) emissions of the vehicle over its life cycle.Finally,the results are analyzed and discussed to determine which powertrain technology fits best into which energy sector CO_(2) emissions window.展开更多
综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)以其高度灵活、环境友好的特点,在实现低碳经济和提高能源效率方面具有巨大潜力。然而,现有的IES建模方法难以挖掘氢能多设备的协同耦合性、且调度策略缺少市场机制的支持。因此,文中提出一...综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)以其高度灵活、环境友好的特点,在实现低碳经济和提高能源效率方面具有巨大潜力。然而,现有的IES建模方法难以挖掘氢能多设备的协同耦合性、且调度策略缺少市场机制的支持。因此,文中提出一种综合考虑绿色证书交易、阶梯型碳交易和需求响应的含氢IES优化调度策略。首先,建立基于电转气(power-to-gas,P2G)两阶段运行的氢能多元利用模型,推动新能源的使用;然后,建立绿证-碳联合交易机制,通过市场激励减少对化石燃料的依赖;最后,考虑综合需求响应优化用户侧用能行为,建立以经济运行成本最小为目标函数的IES优化调度模型,并通过CPLEX求解器进行求解。算例结果表明,文中所提模型能够实现IES多能耦合,提高新能源的消纳能力,减少碳排放量。展开更多
[目的]研究中部地区农业水土资源开发利用过程中能源消耗碳排放的时空格局演变规律,揭示其主要驱动因素,为助推中部地区农业低碳化绿色转型发展和实现“双碳”目标提供理论和数据参考。[方法]基于2010—2022年中部地区6省的社会经济数据...[目的]研究中部地区农业水土资源开发利用过程中能源消耗碳排放的时空格局演变规律,揭示其主要驱动因素,为助推中部地区农业低碳化绿色转型发展和实现“双碳”目标提供理论和数据参考。[方法]基于2010—2022年中部地区6省的社会经济数据,考察农业水土资源利用中能源消耗的碳排放,采用IPCC碳排放系数法测算2010—2022年中部地区农业碳排放量,借助Kaya恒等式和完全分解方法LMDI(logarithmic mean divisia index)加法形式,探讨农业碳排放的驱动因素及其贡献值,运用ArcGIS可视化深入剖析中部各省农业碳排放在时空维度上的演变趋势,并探析水土资源匹配度与农业碳排放之间的关系。[结果]①2010—2022年中部地区农业碳排放总量呈现先快速上升后波动下降的趋势。农业碳排放的环比增长率经历了阶段性下降演变过程。②农业碳排放强度是促使中部地区农业碳减排的最主要因素,农业水资源经济产出则是导致农业碳排放增长的第一大要素。2010—2022年研究区累计农业碳排放贡献值达562.28×10^(4) t。农业水资源经济产出因素和单位播种面积的农业用水量因素对中部地区农业碳排放的贡献存在正负两个方向的变动。③提高农业水土资源匹配度有助于抑制农业碳排放,但对各省的农业碳排放影响程度存在差异。[结论]未来应关注水土资源时空匹配问题及其生态环境效应,因地制宜采取差别化的耕作模式,优化配置和改善农业水土资源开发利用方式,促进农业低碳化转型。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52106276 and 52130601).
文摘Building a lunar human base is one of the important goals of human lunar exploration.This paper proposes a method for the production of oxygen by combining photothermal synergistic water decomposition with high-temperature carbon dioxide electrolysis,utilizing the full solar spectrum.The optimal oxygen production rates under different solid oxide electrolysis cell inlet temperatures T_(e),ultraviolet(UV)separation wavelengths λ_(2),infrared(IR)separation wavelengths,and photovoltaic cell materials were explored.The results indicate that the inlet temperature of the solid oxide electrolysis cell should be as high as possible so that more carbon dioxide can be converted into carbon monoxide and oxygen.Furthermore,when the ultraviolet separation wavelength is approximately 385 nm,the proportion of solar energy allocated to the photoreaction and electrolysis cell is optimal,and the oxygen production rate is highest at 2.754×10^(-4) mol/s.Moreover,the infrared separation wavelength should be increased as much as possible within the allowable range to increase the amount of solar radiation allocated to the electrolysis cell to improve the rate of oxygen generation.In addition,copper indium gallium selenide(CIGS)has a relatively large separation wavelength,which can result in a high oxygen production rate of 3.560×10^(-4) mol/s.The proposed integrated oxygen production method can provide a feasible solution for supplying oxygen to a lunar human base.
基金Project(50838009) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2006BAJ02A09,2006BAJ01A13-2) supported by the National Key Technologies R & D Program of China
文摘Carbon emissions mainly result from energy consumption. Carbon emissions inevitably will increase to some extent with economic expansion and rising energy consumption. We introduce a gray theory of quantitative analysis of the energy consumption of residential buildings in Chongqing,China,on the impact of carbon emission factors. Three impacts are analyzed,namely per capita residential housing area,domestic water consumption and the rate of air conditioner ownership per 100 urban households. The gray prediction model established using the Chongqing carbon emission-residential building energy consumption forecast model is sufficiently accurate to achieve a measure of feasibility and applicability.
文摘A circular and sustainable economy for the private transport sector requires a holistic view of the emitted CO_(2) emissions.Looking at the energy supplied to the vehicle in terms of a circular economy leads to defossilisation.The remaining energy sources or forms are renewable electric energy,green hydrogen and renewable fuels.A holistic view of the CO_(2) emissions of these energy sources and forms and the resulting powertrain technologies must take into account all cradle-to-grave emissions for both the vehicle and the energy supply.In order to compare the different forms of energy,the three most relevant forms of powertrain technology are considered and a configuration is chosen that allows for an appropriate comparison.For this purpose,data from the FVV project“Powertrain 2040”are used[1]and combined with research data on the energy supply chain for passenger cars.The three comparable powertrain configurations are a battery electric vehicle,a fuel cell electric vehicle and an internal combustion engine hybrid vehicle fueled with electric fuel.First,the three selected powertrain configurations are presented in terms of their performance,weight,technology and other characteristics.A comparative analysis is carried out for different CO_(2) emissions of the electricity mix.The electricity mix is used for both the production of the vehicle and the energy.The results are presented in the form of cradle-to-wheel emissions,which consider the total CO_(2) emissions of the vehicle over its life cycle.Finally,the results are analyzed and discussed to determine which powertrain technology fits best into which energy sector CO_(2) emissions window.
文摘综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)以其高度灵活、环境友好的特点,在实现低碳经济和提高能源效率方面具有巨大潜力。然而,现有的IES建模方法难以挖掘氢能多设备的协同耦合性、且调度策略缺少市场机制的支持。因此,文中提出一种综合考虑绿色证书交易、阶梯型碳交易和需求响应的含氢IES优化调度策略。首先,建立基于电转气(power-to-gas,P2G)两阶段运行的氢能多元利用模型,推动新能源的使用;然后,建立绿证-碳联合交易机制,通过市场激励减少对化石燃料的依赖;最后,考虑综合需求响应优化用户侧用能行为,建立以经济运行成本最小为目标函数的IES优化调度模型,并通过CPLEX求解器进行求解。算例结果表明,文中所提模型能够实现IES多能耦合,提高新能源的消纳能力,减少碳排放量。
文摘[目的]研究中部地区农业水土资源开发利用过程中能源消耗碳排放的时空格局演变规律,揭示其主要驱动因素,为助推中部地区农业低碳化绿色转型发展和实现“双碳”目标提供理论和数据参考。[方法]基于2010—2022年中部地区6省的社会经济数据,考察农业水土资源利用中能源消耗的碳排放,采用IPCC碳排放系数法测算2010—2022年中部地区农业碳排放量,借助Kaya恒等式和完全分解方法LMDI(logarithmic mean divisia index)加法形式,探讨农业碳排放的驱动因素及其贡献值,运用ArcGIS可视化深入剖析中部各省农业碳排放在时空维度上的演变趋势,并探析水土资源匹配度与农业碳排放之间的关系。[结果]①2010—2022年中部地区农业碳排放总量呈现先快速上升后波动下降的趋势。农业碳排放的环比增长率经历了阶段性下降演变过程。②农业碳排放强度是促使中部地区农业碳减排的最主要因素,农业水资源经济产出则是导致农业碳排放增长的第一大要素。2010—2022年研究区累计农业碳排放贡献值达562.28×10^(4) t。农业水资源经济产出因素和单位播种面积的农业用水量因素对中部地区农业碳排放的贡献存在正负两个方向的变动。③提高农业水土资源匹配度有助于抑制农业碳排放,但对各省的农业碳排放影响程度存在差异。[结论]未来应关注水土资源时空匹配问题及其生态环境效应,因地制宜采取差别化的耕作模式,优化配置和改善农业水土资源开发利用方式,促进农业低碳化转型。
