OBJECTIVE Lychee seed,a famous traditional Chinese medicine,recently were reported to improve the learning and memory abilities in mice.However,it is still unclear whether lychee seed saponins(LSS)can improve the cogn...OBJECTIVE Lychee seed,a famous traditional Chinese medicine,recently were reported to improve the learning and memory abilities in mice.However,it is still unclear whether lychee seed saponins(LSS)can improve the cognitive function and associated mechanisms.METHODS In present studies,we established the Alzheimer disease(AD)model by injecting Aβ25-35 into the lateral ventricle of rats.Then the spatial learning and memory abilities of LSS-treated rats were evaluated with the Morris water maze,meanwhile the protein expressions of AKT,GSK3β and Tau in the hippocampal neuron were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.RESULTS The results showed LSS can improve the cognitive functions of AD rats through shortening the escape latency,increasing the number across the platform,platform quadrant dwell time and the percentage of the total distance run platform quadrant.The protein expression of AKT was significantly up-regulated and that of GSK3β and Tau were decreased remarkably in the hippocampal CA1 area.CONCLUSION Our study is the first to show that LSS significantly improve the cognitive function and prevent hippocampal neuronal injury of the rats with AD by activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3βsignaling pathway,suggesting LSS may be developed into the nutrient supplement for the treatment of AD.展开更多
OBJECTIVE The total steroid saponins(TSSN)isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright(D.zingiberensis)has shown a variety of beneficial bioactivities.However,there are no reports about the neuroprotective effects...OBJECTIVE The total steroid saponins(TSSN)isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright(D.zingiberensis)has shown a variety of beneficial bioactivities.However,there are no reports about the neuroprotective effects of the TSSN until now.Therefore,we explored the neuroprotective effects of TSSN on rats against transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS The healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into six groups.After pre-treatment with the TSSN intragastrically for six days,the rats were subjected to the ischemia injury by the surgery of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)for 90 min.Some indexes were evaluated and detected.RESULTS As compared to the I/R group,TSSN group of rats,especially given the 30 mg·kg^-1 of TSSN,not only marked reduction in the neurological deficit scores,cerebral infarct volume,and brain edema,but also an increase in neuron survival(Nissl bodies)in the hippocampal cornuammons 1(CA1)and cortex hemisphere of the ipsilateral ischemia.At the same time,the inflammatory cytokines in serum induced by MCAO were significantly alleviated by the TSSN pre-administration.What′s more,the increase of caspase-3 was evidently reduced in the CA1 and cortex of the hemisphere injured brain.Finally,the down-regulating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and up-regulating pro-apoptotic Bax proteins were obviously suppressed.CONCLUSION TSSN plays a potential neuroprotective role against a severe injury induced by transient focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion in a rat experimental model,and this role may be mediated by its antiinflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions.展开更多
Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleif...Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleifera saponin(COS)was purified using AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,and its composition and structure were analyzed.The effects of different mole fractions of COS(αCOS)on surface tension(γ),oil-water interfacial tension(IFT),emulsification,and foam properties of COS-SCG binary mixed systems were investigated in mixtures of SCG with purified COS.The stability ofγand foamability under diverse environmental conditions were also discussed.The results indicated that the COS-SCG system exhibited remarkable surface-active synergism.The minimum critical micelle concentration(cmc)of the mixed system was lower than that of SCG,and adding a small mole fraction of COS(1%-2%)induced a synergistic reduction ofγ.Specifically,the cmc andγwere 2.50×10-4 mol/L and 23.1 mN/m forαCOS=1%,respectively.The system exhibited exceptional IFT reduction capacity,achieving a minimum value of 1.42 mN/m atαCOS=10%.The mixed system reached a foaming volume(atαCOS=50%)and foam stability(atαCOS=75%)were 51.0 mL and 97.37%,respectively.Microscopic analysis further confirmed these outstanding foam properties.Moreover,the COS-SCG system displayed reducedγwith enhanced foaming volume under elevated temperatures(35-75℃)and salinity(0-20 g/L).However,acidic conditions and hard water compromised bothγstability and foamability.展开更多
A ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(UPLC-ESI MS)method was developed for the analysis of saponins in crude extracts from Acanthopanax senticosus Harms.The analysis was p...A ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(UPLC-ESI MS)method was developed for the analysis of saponins in crude extracts from Acanthopanax senticosus Harms.The analysis was performed on a reversed-phase C18 column using a binary eluent(methanol and 0.2% aqueous HCOOH) under gradient conditions.Three major peaks were detected in the negative ion mode.The molecular -ions of saponins were observed,and the relative molecular mass were obtained.The structure of the ginsenosides was identified by a collision induced dissociation(CID) experiment.The UPLC-ESI MS method was particularly useful in the identification of some saponins.展开更多
OBJECTIVE It has been supposed that mast cells have important participation in the physiopathology of RA,however,the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of RA remains unclear.In this study,we observed the antiapopt...OBJECTIVE It has been supposed that mast cells have important participation in the physiopathology of RA,however,the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of RA remains unclear.In this study,we observed the antiapoptotic effects of tryptase released by mast cell on RA synovial fibroblasts.METHODS Mast cells and fibroblasts synovial were obtained from mouse.Chemical mediator release was assessed by measuringβ-hexosa-minidase release.TSCS and bone marrow-derived mast cells were co-cultured;the toxic effects of TSCS on mast cell was measured by MTT and CCK-8 method;the releasing amount of tryptase in cell supernatants was measured by Elisa assay;the expression of FLS cell membrane receptor PAR-2 was detected by flow cytometry;the apoptosis of FLS cell was detected through flow cytometry and Western blotting;the level of activated Rho-GTP was detected by the pull-down method and Western blotting.RESULTS In this study,we observed the antiapoptotic effects of tryptase released by mast cell on RA synovial fibroblasts,and found that tryptase significantly increased the expression of PAR-2 on the surface of fibroblast-like synovial cell,significantly activated Rho kinase,significantly inhibited apoptosis of fibroblast-like synovial cell induced by CH11.The release rates ofβ-hexosaminidase and the level of tryptase from bone marrow-derived mast cells after stimulation with different antigen and co-cultured with TSCS significantly decreased compared to the control group.In the co-culture system of mast cells and fibroblast-like synovial cells,TSCS treatment significantly inhibited Rho kinase(P<0.05),significantly promoted apoptosis of fibroblast-like synovial cell induced by CH11(P<0.05).CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that tryptase may play a key role in the physiopathology of RA.TSCS can inhibit mast cells activation and promote FLS cells apoptosis.This provide theoretical and experimental basis for the study of mast cells as targets for new anti-RA drugs.展开更多
Background: Earlier we have reported that the exclusion of solar UV-B increased the growth and yield of cotton plants as compared with ambient UV-B. The UV-B radiation effects on the saponins and the impact of ambient...Background: Earlier we have reported that the exclusion of solar UV-B increased the growth and yield of cotton plants as compared with ambient UV-B. The UV-B radiation effects on the saponins and the impact of ambient and reduced UV-B on the accumulation of saponins has not been investigated yet. Thus a field experiment was conducted to study the influence of solar UV-B on the growth response and saponin synthesis in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum) var. Vikram plants by the exclusion of UV-B. The cotton plants were grown in specially designed iron chambers, wrapped with filters that excluded UV-B(<315 nm), or transmitted ambient UV-B.Results: Exclusion of ambient UV-B enhanced the growth of cotton plants in terms of plant height and leaf area.Greater plant height in UV-B excluded plants was due to elongated internode and more number of nodes.Enhancement in growth was accompanied by a decrease in the accumulation of saponins, which was quantified by the spectrophotometric, TLC and HPLC methods. Solvent extraction of saponins from the internodes and leaves were used for the bioassay of Amaranthus hypocotyl growth and expansion of cucumber cotyledons. Extracts obtained from the UV-B excluded plants(leaves and internodes) promoted the growth to a larger extent as compared with the extracts obtained from ambient grown plants.Conclusions: The result indicates that solar UV-B may possibly suppress the plant growth by regulating the synthesis of natural growth inhibitor’s like saponin.展开更多
基金supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan Province(2008SZ0050,14JC0798)Educational Commission of Sichuan Province(10ZA035,15ZA0155)+1 种基金Science and Technology Program of Luzhou(2015-S-43,2016LZXNYD-T03)Key Development Program of Southwest Medical University(2010ZD-010)
文摘OBJECTIVE Lychee seed,a famous traditional Chinese medicine,recently were reported to improve the learning and memory abilities in mice.However,it is still unclear whether lychee seed saponins(LSS)can improve the cognitive function and associated mechanisms.METHODS In present studies,we established the Alzheimer disease(AD)model by injecting Aβ25-35 into the lateral ventricle of rats.Then the spatial learning and memory abilities of LSS-treated rats were evaluated with the Morris water maze,meanwhile the protein expressions of AKT,GSK3β and Tau in the hippocampal neuron were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.RESULTS The results showed LSS can improve the cognitive functions of AD rats through shortening the escape latency,increasing the number across the platform,platform quadrant dwell time and the percentage of the total distance run platform quadrant.The protein expression of AKT was significantly up-regulated and that of GSK3β and Tau were decreased remarkably in the hippocampal CA1 area.CONCLUSION Our study is the first to show that LSS significantly improve the cognitive function and prevent hippocampal neuronal injury of the rats with AD by activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3βsignaling pathway,suggesting LSS may be developed into the nutrient supplement for the treatment of AD.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81603267)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesShaanxi Key Laboratory of "Qiyao"Resources and Anti-tumor Activities
文摘OBJECTIVE The total steroid saponins(TSSN)isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright(D.zingiberensis)has shown a variety of beneficial bioactivities.However,there are no reports about the neuroprotective effects of the TSSN until now.Therefore,we explored the neuroprotective effects of TSSN on rats against transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS The healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into six groups.After pre-treatment with the TSSN intragastrically for six days,the rats were subjected to the ischemia injury by the surgery of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)for 90 min.Some indexes were evaluated and detected.RESULTS As compared to the I/R group,TSSN group of rats,especially given the 30 mg·kg^-1 of TSSN,not only marked reduction in the neurological deficit scores,cerebral infarct volume,and brain edema,but also an increase in neuron survival(Nissl bodies)in the hippocampal cornuammons 1(CA1)and cortex hemisphere of the ipsilateral ischemia.At the same time,the inflammatory cytokines in serum induced by MCAO were significantly alleviated by the TSSN pre-administration.What′s more,the increase of caspase-3 was evidently reduced in the CA1 and cortex of the hemisphere injured brain.Finally,the down-regulating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and up-regulating pro-apoptotic Bax proteins were obviously suppressed.CONCLUSION TSSN plays a potential neuroprotective role against a severe injury induced by transient focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion in a rat experimental model,and this role may be mediated by its antiinflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions.
文摘Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleifera saponin(COS)was purified using AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,and its composition and structure were analyzed.The effects of different mole fractions of COS(αCOS)on surface tension(γ),oil-water interfacial tension(IFT),emulsification,and foam properties of COS-SCG binary mixed systems were investigated in mixtures of SCG with purified COS.The stability ofγand foamability under diverse environmental conditions were also discussed.The results indicated that the COS-SCG system exhibited remarkable surface-active synergism.The minimum critical micelle concentration(cmc)of the mixed system was lower than that of SCG,and adding a small mole fraction of COS(1%-2%)induced a synergistic reduction ofγ.Specifically,the cmc andγwere 2.50×10-4 mol/L and 23.1 mN/m forαCOS=1%,respectively.The system exhibited exceptional IFT reduction capacity,achieving a minimum value of 1.42 mN/m atαCOS=10%.The mixed system reached a foaming volume(atαCOS=50%)and foam stability(atαCOS=75%)were 51.0 mL and 97.37%,respectively.Microscopic analysis further confirmed these outstanding foam properties.Moreover,the COS-SCG system displayed reducedγwith enhanced foaming volume under elevated temperatures(35-75℃)and salinity(0-20 g/L).However,acidic conditions and hard water compromised bothγstability and foamability.
文摘A ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(UPLC-ESI MS)method was developed for the analysis of saponins in crude extracts from Acanthopanax senticosus Harms.The analysis was performed on a reversed-phase C18 column using a binary eluent(methanol and 0.2% aqueous HCOOH) under gradient conditions.Three major peaks were detected in the negative ion mode.The molecular -ions of saponins were observed,and the relative molecular mass were obtained.The structure of the ginsenosides was identified by a collision induced dissociation(CID) experiment.The UPLC-ESI MS method was particularly useful in the identification of some saponins.
文摘The chemical constituents of Di’ao Xinxuekang were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS method.Five steroid saponins were investigated by tandem mass spectrometry.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81274166,81673665)Project in Hubei Province Department of Education(B20101201)+1 种基金Yichang City Technology Bureau Project(2010A01301-04)China Three Gorges University Research Fund(0620080702)
文摘OBJECTIVE It has been supposed that mast cells have important participation in the physiopathology of RA,however,the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of RA remains unclear.In this study,we observed the antiapoptotic effects of tryptase released by mast cell on RA synovial fibroblasts.METHODS Mast cells and fibroblasts synovial were obtained from mouse.Chemical mediator release was assessed by measuringβ-hexosa-minidase release.TSCS and bone marrow-derived mast cells were co-cultured;the toxic effects of TSCS on mast cell was measured by MTT and CCK-8 method;the releasing amount of tryptase in cell supernatants was measured by Elisa assay;the expression of FLS cell membrane receptor PAR-2 was detected by flow cytometry;the apoptosis of FLS cell was detected through flow cytometry and Western blotting;the level of activated Rho-GTP was detected by the pull-down method and Western blotting.RESULTS In this study,we observed the antiapoptotic effects of tryptase released by mast cell on RA synovial fibroblasts,and found that tryptase significantly increased the expression of PAR-2 on the surface of fibroblast-like synovial cell,significantly activated Rho kinase,significantly inhibited apoptosis of fibroblast-like synovial cell induced by CH11.The release rates ofβ-hexosaminidase and the level of tryptase from bone marrow-derived mast cells after stimulation with different antigen and co-cultured with TSCS significantly decreased compared to the control group.In the co-culture system of mast cells and fibroblast-like synovial cells,TSCS treatment significantly inhibited Rho kinase(P<0.05),significantly promoted apoptosis of fibroblast-like synovial cell induced by CH11(P<0.05).CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that tryptase may play a key role in the physiopathology of RA.TSCS can inhibit mast cells activation and promote FLS cells apoptosis.This provide theoretical and experimental basis for the study of mast cells as targets for new anti-RA drugs.
基金Financial support by UGC Research Fellowship(F.4-1/2006(BSR)to Dehariya P.)Department of Science Technology Women Scientists-A Scheme(SR/WOS-A/LS-674/2013-2016) to Kataria S.
文摘Background: Earlier we have reported that the exclusion of solar UV-B increased the growth and yield of cotton plants as compared with ambient UV-B. The UV-B radiation effects on the saponins and the impact of ambient and reduced UV-B on the accumulation of saponins has not been investigated yet. Thus a field experiment was conducted to study the influence of solar UV-B on the growth response and saponin synthesis in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum) var. Vikram plants by the exclusion of UV-B. The cotton plants were grown in specially designed iron chambers, wrapped with filters that excluded UV-B(<315 nm), or transmitted ambient UV-B.Results: Exclusion of ambient UV-B enhanced the growth of cotton plants in terms of plant height and leaf area.Greater plant height in UV-B excluded plants was due to elongated internode and more number of nodes.Enhancement in growth was accompanied by a decrease in the accumulation of saponins, which was quantified by the spectrophotometric, TLC and HPLC methods. Solvent extraction of saponins from the internodes and leaves were used for the bioassay of Amaranthus hypocotyl growth and expansion of cucumber cotyledons. Extracts obtained from the UV-B excluded plants(leaves and internodes) promoted the growth to a larger extent as compared with the extracts obtained from ambient grown plants.Conclusions: The result indicates that solar UV-B may possibly suppress the plant growth by regulating the synthesis of natural growth inhibitor’s like saponin.
