Aiming at the deficiency of exterminating measures of Chinese firm safety management, a simulation model of Chinese firm＇s safety management capability based on the organizational learning theory, in which the simula...Aiming at the deficiency of exterminating measures of Chinese firm safety management, a simulation model of Chinese firm＇s safety management capability based on the organizational learning theory, in which the simulation method of system dynamics is utilized. The level variable and rate variable are designed based on the practical situation and change situation of corresponding variables of firm＇s safety management ca- pability. Simulation firms are built with accident case groups of the oil industry, chemical industry, machine industry, coal mining industry, and weapon industry. Through analyzing the simulation result, the growth law of Chinese firm＇s safety management capability is obtained as follows： the accumulating and the coupling of safety knowledge should be emphasized at the same time; the balance of learning behavior of individual, group and organization should be considered together; different types of Chinese firm should take different safety policies according to their practical situations.展开更多
Safety is the cornerstone of the civil aviation industry and the enduring focus of civil aviation.This paper uses air traffic complexity and potential aircraft conflict relationships as entry points to study the opera...Safety is the cornerstone of the civil aviation industry and the enduring focus of civil aviation.This paper uses air traffic complexity and potential aircraft conflict relationships as entry points to study the operational safety level of terminal area flight flows and proposes a deep learning-based method for safety situation awareness in terminal area aircraft operations.Firstly,a more comprehensive and precise safety situation assessment features are constructed.Secondly,a deep clustering situation recognition model with added safety situation information capture layer is proposed.Finally,a spatiotemporal graph convolutional neural network based on attention mechanism is constructed for predicting safety situations.Experimental results from a real dataset show that:(1)The proposed model surpasses traditional models across all evaluated dimensions;(2)the recognition model ensures that the encoded features capture distinctive safety situation information,thereby enhancing model interpretability and task alignment;(3)the prediction model demonstrates superior integrated modeling capabilities in both spatial and temporal dimensions.Ultimately,this paper elucidates the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of air traffic safety situation levels,offering valuable insights for air traffic safety management.展开更多
Mining safety and health improvements over the past decades are remarkable by many metrics, and yet the expectation of society, and the goal of the mining industry, is zero harm. If we examine the underlying enablers ...Mining safety and health improvements over the past decades are remarkable by many metrics, and yet the expectation of society, and the goal of the mining industry, is zero harm. If we examine the underlying enablers for the significant gains that have been achieved, the key role that research to help understand the causes of problems and to develop lasting solutions is clear. Many of the remaining challenges have been resistant to solutions by various approaches. Some, such as fatalities and injuries from ground control or powered haulage are prominent year after year. Different approaches are indicated and new solutions will be required if we are to achieve a goal of zero harm. These will originate with research, but into which topics, and what are some of these different approaches? This paper examines the current state of mine safety in the United States and highlights areas of significant opportunity for research that will lead to solutions. The likely direction of research that will enable realization of the ‘‘zero harm'' goal is described in terms of evolutionary and revolutionary approaches. Both are important, but the author's view is that some of the largest gains will be made with trans-disciplinary approaches that break from the past. Topical areas of research are suggested and several research questions are given to illustrate the direction of future research in mining safety and health.展开更多
Pipeline integrity is a cornerstone of the operation of many industrial systems, and maintaining pipeline integrity is essential for preventing economic losses and ecological damage caused by oil and gas leaks. Based ...Pipeline integrity is a cornerstone of the operation of many industrial systems, and maintaining pipeline integrity is essential for preventing economic losses and ecological damage caused by oil and gas leaks. Based on integritymanagement data published by the US Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, this study applied the k-means clustering and data envelopment analysis(DEA) methods to both explore the characteristics of pipeline-integrity management and evaluate its efficiency. The k-means clustering algorithm was found to be scientifically valid for classifying pipeline companies as either low-, medium-, or high-difficulty companies according to their integrity-management requirements. Regardless of a pipeline company's classification, equipment failure was found to be the main cause of pipeline failure. In-line inspection corrosion and dent tools were the two most-used tools for pipeline inspection. Among the types of repair, 180-day condition repairs were a key concern for pipeline companies. The results of the DEA analysis indicate that only three out of 34 companies were deemed to be DEA-effective. To improve the effectiveness of pipeline integrity management, we propose targeted directions and scales of improvement for non-DEA-effective companies.展开更多
Spontaneous combustion of coal is a major cause of coal mine fires.It not only poses a severe hazard to the safe extraction of coal resources,but also jeopardizes the safety of mine workers.The development of a scient...Spontaneous combustion of coal is a major cause of coal mine fires.It not only poses a severe hazard to the safe extraction of coal resources,but also jeopardizes the safety of mine workers.The development of a scientific management system of coal spontaneous combustion is of vital importance to the safe production of coal mine.This paper provides a comparative analysis of a range of worldwide prediction techniques and methods for coal spontaneous combustion,and systematically introduces the trigger action response plans(TARPs)system used in Australian coal mines for managing the spontaneous heating of coal.An artificial neural network model has been established on the basis of real coal mine operational conditions.Through studying and training the neural network model,prediction errors can be controlled within the allowable range.The trained model is then applied to the conditions of Nos.1 and 3 coal seams located in Weijiadi Coal Mine to demonstrate its feasibility for spontaneous combustion assessment.Based upon the TARPs system which is commonly used in Australian longwall mines,a TARPs system has been developed for Weijiadi Coal Mine to assist the management of spontaneous combustion hazard and ensure the safe operation of its mining activities.展开更多
Previous investigation of drug calculation skills of qualified paramedics has highlighted poor mathematical ability with no published studies having been undertaken on undergraduate paramedics. There are three major e...Previous investigation of drug calculation skills of qualified paramedics has highlighted poor mathematical ability with no published studies having been undertaken on undergraduate paramedics. There are three major error classifications. Conceptual errors involve an inability to formulate an equation from information given, arithmetical errors involve an inability to operate a given equation, and finally computation errors are simple errors of addition, subtraction, division and multiplication. The objective of this study was to determine if undergraduate paramedics at a large Australia university could accurately perform common drug calculations and basic mathematical equations normally required in the workplace. A cross-sectional study methodology using a paper-based questionnaire was administered to undergraduate paramedic students to collect demographical data, student attitudes regarding their drug calculation performance, and answers to a series of basic mathematical and drug calculation questions. Ethics approval was granted. The mean score of correct answers was 39.5% with one student scoring 100%, 3.3% of students （n=3） scoring greater than 90%, and 63% （n=58） scoring 50% or less, despite 62% （n=57） of the students stating they ＇did not have any drug calculations issues＇. On average those who completed a minimum of year 12 Specialist Maths achieved scores over 50%. Conceptual errors made up 48.5%, arithmetical 31.1 % and computational 17.4%. This study suggests undergraduate paramedics have deficiencies in performing accurate calculations, with conceptual errors indicating a fundamental lack of mathematical understanding. The results suggest an unacceptable level of mathematical competence to practice safely in the unpredictable prehospital environment.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The inability of paramedics to perform accurate calculations may result in a compromise of patient safety which may result from under or over dosing of drugs, incorrect joules for defibrillation, or a majo...BACKGROUND: The inability of paramedics to perform accurate calculations may result in a compromise of patient safety which may result from under or over dosing of drugs, incorrect joules for defibrillation, or a major adverse event such as death. The objective of this study was to identify the drug calculation and mathematical ability of qualified operational paramedics.METHODS: The study used a cross-sectional design with a paper-based calculation questionnaire. Twenty paramedics enrolled in an intensive care paramedic course were eligible to participate in the study. The questionnaire consisted of demographic, drug calculation(seven questions), and mathematical(five) questions. Students were given no notice of the impending study and use of a calculator was not permitted.RESULTS: All eligible students participated in the study. The average time employed as a paramedic was 7.25 years, SD 2.5 years, range four years to twelve years. Four(20%) students got all 12 questions correct, and five(41.6%) got 50% or less. The average score was 8.6(71.7%) correct, SD 2.8 correct, range 3 to 12 correct questions. There were eight(40%) conceptual errors, 12(60%) arithmetical errors, and five(25%) computational errors.CONCLUSION: The results from this study supports similar international studies where paramedic's ability to undertake mathematical and drug calculations without a calculator varies, with some results highlighting the paramedics mathematical skills as a potential risk to patient safety. These results highlight the need for regular continuing mathematical and drug calculation practice and education to ensure a lower error rate.展开更多
基金the National Social Science Foundation of China (07BJY080)
文摘Aiming at the deficiency of exterminating measures of Chinese firm safety management, a simulation model of Chinese firm＇s safety management capability based on the organizational learning theory, in which the simulation method of system dynamics is utilized. The level variable and rate variable are designed based on the practical situation and change situation of corresponding variables of firm＇s safety management ca- pability. Simulation firms are built with accident case groups of the oil industry, chemical industry, machine industry, coal mining industry, and weapon industry. Through analyzing the simulation result, the growth law of Chinese firm＇s safety management capability is obtained as follows： the accumulating and the coupling of safety knowledge should be emphasized at the same time; the balance of learning behavior of individual, group and organization should be considered together; different types of Chinese firm should take different safety policies according to their practical situations.
基金supported by the Chi‑nese Special Research Project for Civil Aircraft(No.MJZ1-7N22)the National Natural Science Foundation of Chi‑na(No.U2133207).
文摘Safety is the cornerstone of the civil aviation industry and the enduring focus of civil aviation.This paper uses air traffic complexity and potential aircraft conflict relationships as entry points to study the operational safety level of terminal area flight flows and proposes a deep learning-based method for safety situation awareness in terminal area aircraft operations.Firstly,a more comprehensive and precise safety situation assessment features are constructed.Secondly,a deep clustering situation recognition model with added safety situation information capture layer is proposed.Finally,a spatiotemporal graph convolutional neural network based on attention mechanism is constructed for predicting safety situations.Experimental results from a real dataset show that:(1)The proposed model surpasses traditional models across all evaluated dimensions;(2)the recognition model ensures that the encoded features capture distinctive safety situation information,thereby enhancing model interpretability and task alignment;(3)the prediction model demonstrates superior integrated modeling capabilities in both spatial and temporal dimensions.Ultimately,this paper elucidates the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of air traffic safety situation levels,offering valuable insights for air traffic safety management.
文摘Mining safety and health improvements over the past decades are remarkable by many metrics, and yet the expectation of society, and the goal of the mining industry, is zero harm. If we examine the underlying enablers for the significant gains that have been achieved, the key role that research to help understand the causes of problems and to develop lasting solutions is clear. Many of the remaining challenges have been resistant to solutions by various approaches. Some, such as fatalities and injuries from ground control or powered haulage are prominent year after year. Different approaches are indicated and new solutions will be required if we are to achieve a goal of zero harm. These will originate with research, but into which topics, and what are some of these different approaches? This paper examines the current state of mine safety in the United States and highlights areas of significant opportunity for research that will lead to solutions. The likely direction of research that will enable realization of the ‘‘zero harm'' goal is described in terms of evolutionary and revolutionary approaches. Both are important, but the author's view is that some of the largest gains will be made with trans-disciplinary approaches that break from the past. Topical areas of research are suggested and several research questions are given to illustrate the direction of future research in mining safety and health.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 71871018)。
文摘Pipeline integrity is a cornerstone of the operation of many industrial systems, and maintaining pipeline integrity is essential for preventing economic losses and ecological damage caused by oil and gas leaks. Based on integritymanagement data published by the US Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, this study applied the k-means clustering and data envelopment analysis(DEA) methods to both explore the characteristics of pipeline-integrity management and evaluate its efficiency. The k-means clustering algorithm was found to be scientifically valid for classifying pipeline companies as either low-, medium-, or high-difficulty companies according to their integrity-management requirements. Regardless of a pipeline company's classification, equipment failure was found to be the main cause of pipeline failure. In-line inspection corrosion and dent tools were the two most-used tools for pipeline inspection. Among the types of repair, 180-day condition repairs were a key concern for pipeline companies. The results of the DEA analysis indicate that only three out of 34 companies were deemed to be DEA-effective. To improve the effectiveness of pipeline integrity management, we propose targeted directions and scales of improvement for non-DEA-effective companies.
基金provided for this work by the China Scholarship CouncilNational Natural Science Funds of China(No.51304212)
文摘Spontaneous combustion of coal is a major cause of coal mine fires.It not only poses a severe hazard to the safe extraction of coal resources,but also jeopardizes the safety of mine workers.The development of a scientific management system of coal spontaneous combustion is of vital importance to the safe production of coal mine.This paper provides a comparative analysis of a range of worldwide prediction techniques and methods for coal spontaneous combustion,and systematically introduces the trigger action response plans(TARPs)system used in Australian coal mines for managing the spontaneous heating of coal.An artificial neural network model has been established on the basis of real coal mine operational conditions.Through studying and training the neural network model,prediction errors can be controlled within the allowable range.The trained model is then applied to the conditions of Nos.1 and 3 coal seams located in Weijiadi Coal Mine to demonstrate its feasibility for spontaneous combustion assessment.Based upon the TARPs system which is commonly used in Australian longwall mines,a TARPs system has been developed for Weijiadi Coal Mine to assist the management of spontaneous combustion hazard and ensure the safe operation of its mining activities.
文摘Previous investigation of drug calculation skills of qualified paramedics has highlighted poor mathematical ability with no published studies having been undertaken on undergraduate paramedics. There are three major error classifications. Conceptual errors involve an inability to formulate an equation from information given, arithmetical errors involve an inability to operate a given equation, and finally computation errors are simple errors of addition, subtraction, division and multiplication. The objective of this study was to determine if undergraduate paramedics at a large Australia university could accurately perform common drug calculations and basic mathematical equations normally required in the workplace. A cross-sectional study methodology using a paper-based questionnaire was administered to undergraduate paramedic students to collect demographical data, student attitudes regarding their drug calculation performance, and answers to a series of basic mathematical and drug calculation questions. Ethics approval was granted. The mean score of correct answers was 39.5% with one student scoring 100%, 3.3% of students （n=3） scoring greater than 90%, and 63% （n=58） scoring 50% or less, despite 62% （n=57） of the students stating they ＇did not have any drug calculations issues＇. On average those who completed a minimum of year 12 Specialist Maths achieved scores over 50%. Conceptual errors made up 48.5%, arithmetical 31.1 % and computational 17.4%. This study suggests undergraduate paramedics have deficiencies in performing accurate calculations, with conceptual errors indicating a fundamental lack of mathematical understanding. The results suggest an unacceptable level of mathematical competence to practice safely in the unpredictable prehospital environment.
文摘BACKGROUND: The inability of paramedics to perform accurate calculations may result in a compromise of patient safety which may result from under or over dosing of drugs, incorrect joules for defibrillation, or a major adverse event such as death. The objective of this study was to identify the drug calculation and mathematical ability of qualified operational paramedics.METHODS: The study used a cross-sectional design with a paper-based calculation questionnaire. Twenty paramedics enrolled in an intensive care paramedic course were eligible to participate in the study. The questionnaire consisted of demographic, drug calculation(seven questions), and mathematical(five) questions. Students were given no notice of the impending study and use of a calculator was not permitted.RESULTS: All eligible students participated in the study. The average time employed as a paramedic was 7.25 years, SD 2.5 years, range four years to twelve years. Four(20%) students got all 12 questions correct, and five(41.6%) got 50% or less. The average score was 8.6(71.7%) correct, SD 2.8 correct, range 3 to 12 correct questions. There were eight(40%) conceptual errors, 12(60%) arithmetical errors, and five(25%) computational errors.CONCLUSION: The results from this study supports similar international studies where paramedic's ability to undertake mathematical and drug calculations without a calculator varies, with some results highlighting the paramedics mathematical skills as a potential risk to patient safety. These results highlight the need for regular continuing mathematical and drug calculation practice and education to ensure a lower error rate.
