Five rice varieties were planted to determine the variation of the yield and quality traits in five different regions in a cold area of China. The results showed that the number of the panicles, the number of grains p...Five rice varieties were planted to determine the variation of the yield and quality traits in five different regions in a cold area of China. The results showed that the number of the panicles, the number of grains per panicle and percentage of head-milled rice displayed quadratic curves against the accumulated temperature, and the sterile rate decreased with greater accumulated temperature. However, 1 000-grain weight had no correlation with the accumulated temperature and protein content, amylose content and taste also had no obvious relation with the accumulated temperature. The results from the accumulated temperature differed with rice variety, so the temperature insensitive type variety should be proposed for production.展开更多
【目的】分析1971-2014年黑龙江省作物生长期基于最低气温的低温指数(cold day index,CDI)演变及对作物产量的影响,为揭示作物生长期低温冷害机理、甄别关键致灾因子等提供技术支撑。【方法】利用黑龙江省80个气象观测站1971-2014年气...【目的】分析1971-2014年黑龙江省作物生长期基于最低气温的低温指数(cold day index,CDI)演变及对作物产量的影响,为揭示作物生长期低温冷害机理、甄别关键致灾因子等提供技术支撑。【方法】利用黑龙江省80个气象观测站1971-2014年气象资料和38个农业气象观测站玉米和水稻单产资料,参考已有研究成果和公认的农业气象指标,构建作物生长期内(05-21-09-30)CDI的计算方法,采用数理统计法研究CDI的变化趋势和周期变化,并分析其与作物产量的相关关系。【结果】(1)1971-2014年,作物生长期内研究区平均CDI呈明显下降趋势,下降速度为1.5d/10年。20世纪70年代为低温事件高发期,80-90年代相对稳定,21世纪以来平原区CDI持续减少,而山区无变化或呈回升趋势。(2)研究期内,研究区CDI的空间分布呈北多南少、山区多平原少的趋势,CDI由北向南、由山区向平原逐渐下降。CDI的气候变率在不同区域存在差异,呈现西高东低特征。(3)在作物生长期内,研究区89%站点的CDI与玉米、水稻单产具有显著或极显著的负相关关系,表明低温对作物产量的影响为负效应。不同区域CDI引起作物产量的下降幅度不同,CDI每增加1d,产量下降92.9~695.5kg/hm2。【结论】CDI对作物生长和产量形成具有显著负效应,其对松嫩平原东部、三江平原和牡丹江半山区玉米、水稻影响较大,且对水稻产量的影响重于玉米。展开更多
基金Supported by the Public Industry Project of Ministry of Agriculture(201303126)Postdoctoral Fund of Heilongjiang Province(LBH-Z13189)Innovation Project of Institute(2012ZD013)
文摘Five rice varieties were planted to determine the variation of the yield and quality traits in five different regions in a cold area of China. The results showed that the number of the panicles, the number of grains per panicle and percentage of head-milled rice displayed quadratic curves against the accumulated temperature, and the sterile rate decreased with greater accumulated temperature. However, 1 000-grain weight had no correlation with the accumulated temperature and protein content, amylose content and taste also had no obvious relation with the accumulated temperature. The results from the accumulated temperature differed with rice variety, so the temperature insensitive type variety should be proposed for production.
文摘【目的】分析1971-2014年黑龙江省作物生长期基于最低气温的低温指数(cold day index,CDI)演变及对作物产量的影响,为揭示作物生长期低温冷害机理、甄别关键致灾因子等提供技术支撑。【方法】利用黑龙江省80个气象观测站1971-2014年气象资料和38个农业气象观测站玉米和水稻单产资料,参考已有研究成果和公认的农业气象指标,构建作物生长期内(05-21-09-30)CDI的计算方法,采用数理统计法研究CDI的变化趋势和周期变化,并分析其与作物产量的相关关系。【结果】(1)1971-2014年,作物生长期内研究区平均CDI呈明显下降趋势,下降速度为1.5d/10年。20世纪70年代为低温事件高发期,80-90年代相对稳定,21世纪以来平原区CDI持续减少,而山区无变化或呈回升趋势。(2)研究期内,研究区CDI的空间分布呈北多南少、山区多平原少的趋势,CDI由北向南、由山区向平原逐渐下降。CDI的气候变率在不同区域存在差异,呈现西高东低特征。(3)在作物生长期内,研究区89%站点的CDI与玉米、水稻单产具有显著或极显著的负相关关系,表明低温对作物产量的影响为负效应。不同区域CDI引起作物产量的下降幅度不同,CDI每增加1d,产量下降92.9~695.5kg/hm2。【结论】CDI对作物生长和产量形成具有显著负效应,其对松嫩平原东部、三江平原和牡丹江半山区玉米、水稻影响较大,且对水稻产量的影响重于玉米。
