InAs/AlAs superlattice structures have significant potential for application in low-noise avalanche photodetectors.With their performance in practical applications linked to the fundamental physical properties of carr...InAs/AlAs superlattice structures have significant potential for application in low-noise avalanche photodetectors.With their performance in practical applications linked to the fundamental physical properties of carrier relaxation time,this study investigated the carrier relaxation times of InAs/AlAs superlattices across various monolayers,temperatures,and carrier concentrations.Our investigation indicated that relaxation times span several tens of picoseconds,confirming that high-quality interfaces do not significantly reduce relaxation times in the way defect states might.Moreover,our study demonstrates that adjustments to the superlattice period can effectively modulate both the bandgap and carrier relaxation times,potentially impacting the performance of avalanche photodiodes by altering the electron-phonon interaction pathways and bandgap width.We established that lower temperatures contribute to an increase in the bandgap and the suppression of high-frequency optical phonon vibrations,thereby lengthening the relaxation times.Additionally,our observations indicate that in InAs/AlAs superlattices,the relaxation time increases as the excitation power increases,owing to the phonon bottleneck effect.These insights into InAs/AlAs superlattice carrier dynamics highlight their applicability in enhancing avalanche photodetectors,and may contribute to the optimized design of superlattices for specific applications.展开更多
Based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert(LLG)equation,the precession relaxation of magnetization is studied when the external field H is parallel to the uniaxial anisotropic field H_(k).The evolution of three-component ma...Based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert(LLG)equation,the precession relaxation of magnetization is studied when the external field H is parallel to the uniaxial anisotropic field H_(k).The evolution of three-component magnetization is solved analytically under the condition of H=nH_(k)(n=3,1 and 0).It is found that with an increase of H or a decrease of the initial polar angle of magnetization,the relaxation time decreases and the angular frequency of magnetization increases.For comparison,the analytical solution for H_(k)=0 is also given.When the magnetization becomes stable,the angular frequency is proportional to the total effective field acting on the magnetization.The analytical solutions are not only conducive to the understanding of the precession relaxation of magnetization,but also can be used as a standard model to test the numerical calculation of LLG equation.展开更多
The microstructural evolution and relaxation strengthening of nano-grained Ni annealed at a temperature range of 493–553 K were studied by in situ X-ray diffraction technique,transmission electron microscopy,and micr...The microstructural evolution and relaxation strengthening of nano-grained Ni annealed at a temperature range of 493–553 K were studied by in situ X-ray diffraction technique,transmission electron microscopy,and microhardness evaluation.Upon low-temperature annealing,the rather limited variations of anisotropic grain size and root-mean-square strain,conforming to an exponential relaxation model,yield a consistent activation energy of approximately 0.5 eV,which corresponds to the localized,rapid diffusion of excess vacancies on nonequilibrium surfaces/interfaces and/or defective lattice configurations.Microstructure examinations confirm the grain boundary ordering and excess defect reduction.The relaxation-induced strength enhancement can be attributed to the linear strengthening in the regime of small elastic lattice strains.This study provides an in-depth understanding of low-temperature nanostructural relaxation and its relation to strengthening.展开更多
锂离子电池健康状态(state of health,SOH)估计对确保能量存储系统的可靠性和安全性至关重要。然而,现有SOH估计方法在单一特征提取和固定充放电条件依赖方面存在局限性,难以适应多变的实际工作环境。为解决这一问题,本工作提出了一种...锂离子电池健康状态(state of health,SOH)估计对确保能量存储系统的可靠性和安全性至关重要。然而,现有SOH估计方法在单一特征提取和固定充放电条件依赖方面存在局限性,难以适应多变的实际工作环境。为解决这一问题,本工作提出了一种基于弛豫电压的并行多尺度特征融合卷积模型(multi-scale feature fusion convolution model,MSFFCM)结合极端梯度提升树(XGBoost)的SOH估计方法。MSFFCM通过多层堆叠卷积模块提取弛豫电压数据的深层特征,同时利用并行多尺度注意力机制增强了多尺度特征的捕捉能力,并将这些特征与统计特征进行融合,以提升模型的特征提取和融合能力。针对XGBoost模型,本工作应用贝叶斯优化算法进行参数调优,从而在多源融合特征基础上实现高精度SOH估计。实验验证基于两种商用18650型号电池的多温度和多充放电策略数据集,结果表明该方法的均方根误差(RMSE)和平均绝对误差(MAE)均小于0.5%,明显优于传统方法。本工作为锂电池健康管理提供了一种不依赖特定充放电条件的有效估计工具,有望在复杂的实际应用中发挥重要作用。展开更多
This article summarized systematically the previous investigations on t he dielectric relaxation of wood, the main substances and extractives in wood at oven-dry state, and the dielectric relaxation based on the adso...This article summarized systematically the previous investigations on t he dielectric relaxation of wood, the main substances and extractives in wood at oven-dry state, and the dielectric relaxation based on the adsorbed water in w o od cell wall under equilibrium and non-equilibrium state. Moreover, some expect a tions for future research were proposed on this basis. The purpose of this artic le is to provide other researchers an overall understanding about the research i n this region, and further to promote the research onto a new and higher level.展开更多
In this paper two set of GFRP specimens are manufactured and tested to investigate the relaxation behaviour under cyclic loading in the longitudinal and transversel direction. The relaxation of GFRP unidirectional la...In this paper two set of GFRP specimens are manufactured and tested to investigate the relaxation behaviour under cyclic loading in the longitudinal and transversel direction. The relaxation of GFRP unidirectional laminates is evident for both cyclic loadings. Under longitudinal cyclic loading the relaxation is dependent on the number of loading cycles. Under transverse loading the relaxation depends on the loading cycles as well as the time of loading. Two expressions are set up to describe the relaxation for the longitudinal and transverse loading, and the predictions agree well with the experimental data.展开更多
All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)are strongly considered as the next-generation energy storage devices for their high energy density and intrinsic safety.The solid-solid contact between lithium metal and solid...All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)are strongly considered as the next-generation energy storage devices for their high energy density and intrinsic safety.The solid-solid contact between lithium metal and solid electrolyte plays a vital role in the performance of working ASSLBs,which is challenging to investigate quantitatively by experimental approach.This work proposed a quantitative model based on the finite element method for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy simulation of different solid-solid contact states in ASSLBs.With the assistance of an equivalent circuit model and distribution of relaxation times,it is discovered that as the number of voids and the sharpness of cracks increase,the contact resistance Rcgrows and ultimately dominates the battery impedance.Through accurate fitting,inverse proportional relations between contact resistance Rcand(1-porosity)as well as crack angle was disclosed.This contribution affords a fresh insight into clarifying solid-solid contact states in ASSLBs.展开更多
退役电池在进行梯次利用之前需要对其参数进行测试与评估,以保证后续依据电池的性能为其选择适合的应用场景。健康状态(state of health,SOH)的准确评估是退役动力电池是否有梯次利用价值的前提。针对目前退役动力电池SOH评估准确性低...退役电池在进行梯次利用之前需要对其参数进行测试与评估,以保证后续依据电池的性能为其选择适合的应用场景。健康状态(state of health,SOH)的准确评估是退役动力电池是否有梯次利用价值的前提。针对目前退役动力电池SOH评估准确性低的问题。本工作首先利用弛豫时间分布法对电化学阻抗谱进行分析,用以得到其中能准确反应电池健康状态的特征频率,将特征频率对应的阻抗数据作为特征输入参量,输入麻雀算法优化的极限学习机模型以实现退役动力电池SOH的评估。为了验证评估方法的有效性,针对7只方形磷酸铁锂退役电池进行循环老化实验,并在每个循环周期后进行电化学阻抗测试。使用退役动力电池的实际的电化学阻抗谱用于分析与建模实现SOH评估,并将结果与实际的SOH数据进行对比,并与传统的SOH评估方法进行了对比。评估结果表明,相较于其他方法采用弛豫时间分布法进行分析的均方误差(mean square error,MSE)与平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)更低。相较于使用未优化的极限学习机模型,MSE和MAPE分别降低了47.1%和60.5%,表明本文的SOH评估方法具有更小的误差和更高的准确性,在实际的梯次利用中很有应用价值。展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2021RC4026)。
文摘InAs/AlAs superlattice structures have significant potential for application in low-noise avalanche photodetectors.With their performance in practical applications linked to the fundamental physical properties of carrier relaxation time,this study investigated the carrier relaxation times of InAs/AlAs superlattices across various monolayers,temperatures,and carrier concentrations.Our investigation indicated that relaxation times span several tens of picoseconds,confirming that high-quality interfaces do not significantly reduce relaxation times in the way defect states might.Moreover,our study demonstrates that adjustments to the superlattice period can effectively modulate both the bandgap and carrier relaxation times,potentially impacting the performance of avalanche photodiodes by altering the electron-phonon interaction pathways and bandgap width.We established that lower temperatures contribute to an increase in the bandgap and the suppression of high-frequency optical phonon vibrations,thereby lengthening the relaxation times.Additionally,our observations indicate that in InAs/AlAs superlattices,the relaxation time increases as the excitation power increases,owing to the phonon bottleneck effect.These insights into InAs/AlAs superlattice carrier dynamics highlight their applicability in enhancing avalanche photodetectors,and may contribute to the optimized design of superlattices for specific applications.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2021YFB3501300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.91963201 and 12174163)the 111 Project (Grant No.B20063)。
文摘Based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert(LLG)equation,the precession relaxation of magnetization is studied when the external field H is parallel to the uniaxial anisotropic field H_(k).The evolution of three-component magnetization is solved analytically under the condition of H=nH_(k)(n=3,1 and 0).It is found that with an increase of H or a decrease of the initial polar angle of magnetization,the relaxation time decreases and the angular frequency of magnetization increases.For comparison,the analytical solution for H_(k)=0 is also given.When the magnetization becomes stable,the angular frequency is proportional to the total effective field acting on the magnetization.The analytical solutions are not only conducive to the understanding of the precession relaxation of magnetization,but also can be used as a standard model to test the numerical calculation of LLG equation.
基金supported by the project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant number 2020M671111).
文摘The microstructural evolution and relaxation strengthening of nano-grained Ni annealed at a temperature range of 493–553 K were studied by in situ X-ray diffraction technique,transmission electron microscopy,and microhardness evaluation.Upon low-temperature annealing,the rather limited variations of anisotropic grain size and root-mean-square strain,conforming to an exponential relaxation model,yield a consistent activation energy of approximately 0.5 eV,which corresponds to the localized,rapid diffusion of excess vacancies on nonequilibrium surfaces/interfaces and/or defective lattice configurations.Microstructure examinations confirm the grain boundary ordering and excess defect reduction.The relaxation-induced strength enhancement can be attributed to the linear strengthening in the regime of small elastic lattice strains.This study provides an in-depth understanding of low-temperature nanostructural relaxation and its relation to strengthening.
文摘This article summarized systematically the previous investigations on t he dielectric relaxation of wood, the main substances and extractives in wood at oven-dry state, and the dielectric relaxation based on the adsorbed water in w o od cell wall under equilibrium and non-equilibrium state. Moreover, some expect a tions for future research were proposed on this basis. The purpose of this artic le is to provide other researchers an overall understanding about the research i n this region, and further to promote the research onto a new and higher level.
文摘In this paper two set of GFRP specimens are manufactured and tested to investigate the relaxation behaviour under cyclic loading in the longitudinal and transversel direction. The relaxation of GFRP unidirectional laminates is evident for both cyclic loadings. Under longitudinal cyclic loading the relaxation is dependent on the number of loading cycles. Under transverse loading the relaxation depends on the loading cycles as well as the time of loading. Two expressions are set up to describe the relaxation for the longitudinal and transverse loading, and the predictions agree well with the experimental data.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z200011,L233004)the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFB2500300)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52394170,52394171,22109011,22393900,and 22108151)the Tsinghua-Jiangyin Innovation Special Fund(TJISF)(2022JYTH0101)the S&T Program of Hebei(22344402D)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program.
文摘All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)are strongly considered as the next-generation energy storage devices for their high energy density and intrinsic safety.The solid-solid contact between lithium metal and solid electrolyte plays a vital role in the performance of working ASSLBs,which is challenging to investigate quantitatively by experimental approach.This work proposed a quantitative model based on the finite element method for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy simulation of different solid-solid contact states in ASSLBs.With the assistance of an equivalent circuit model and distribution of relaxation times,it is discovered that as the number of voids and the sharpness of cracks increase,the contact resistance Rcgrows and ultimately dominates the battery impedance.Through accurate fitting,inverse proportional relations between contact resistance Rcand(1-porosity)as well as crack angle was disclosed.This contribution affords a fresh insight into clarifying solid-solid contact states in ASSLBs.
