An efficient copper-catalyzed regioselective acyloxy-trifluoromethylation of allenamides using Togni'sⅡreagent as the source of both the trifluoromethyl and acyloxy moieties was developed to create a workable rou...An efficient copper-catalyzed regioselective acyloxy-trifluoromethylation of allenamides using Togni'sⅡreagent as the source of both the trifluoromethyl and acyloxy moieties was developed to create a workable route to CF_(3)-substituted allylic esters.The reaction exhibited good functional group tolerance and high efficiency,affording the products in moderate to good yields.Mechanistic investigations indicated a radical process was likely involved in this transformation.展开更多
This study focuses on using a green reagent scheme of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and citric acid (CA) to extract valuable metals from the cathodes, aiming to minimize environmental impact during the recycling process....This study focuses on using a green reagent scheme of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and citric acid (CA) to extract valuable metals from the cathodes, aiming to minimize environmental impact during the recycling process. Leaching studies on LiCoO_(2) identified optimal conditions as follows: 2.4 mol/L MSA, 1.6 mol/L CA, S/L ratio of 80 g/L, leaching temperature of 90oC and leaching time of 6 h. The maximum Co and Li extraction achieved was 92% and 85%, respectively. LiCoO_(2) dissolution in MSA-CA leaching solution is highly impacted by temperature;Avrami equation showed a good fitting for the leaching data. The experimental activation energy of Co and Li was 50.98 kJ/mol and 50.55 kJ/mol, respectively, indicating that it is a chemical reaction-controlled process. Furthermore, cobalt was efficiently recovered from the leachate using oxalic acid, achieving a precipitation efficiency of 99.91% and a high-purity cobalt oxalate product (99.85 wt.%). In the MSA-CA leaching solution, MSA served as a lixiviant, while CA played a key role in reducing Co in LiCoO_(2). The overall organic acid leaching methodology presents an attractive option due to its reduced environmental impact.展开更多
The pretreatment of refractory polyvinyl-alcohol （PVA） wastewater with low value of CODcr by Fenton＇s reagent was investigated to enhance the biodegradabilily. The effects of operating conditions such as pH of the ...The pretreatment of refractory polyvinyl-alcohol （PVA） wastewater with low value of CODcr by Fenton＇s reagent was investigated to enhance the biodegradabilily. The effects of operating conditions such as pH of the solution, Fe2＋ dosage, H2O2 dosage, reaction time and initial PVA concentration on the removal efficiency of CODCr were discussed. It is demonstrated that the optimum value of pH for removal of CODcr is 5 and the most suitable dosages of H2O2 （2%） and FeSO4 （10 mg/L） are 5% and 8.0%, respectively. When the initial CODcr value of the PVA water is 760 mg/L, the favorable reaction time is 110 min. Under these optimum conditions, the removal ratio of CODcr is 58.6% 61.4%, and the value of biodegradability （CODB/CODcr） increases markedly from 8.9% 9.7% to 62.6% 68.3%.展开更多
Na2SiO3 and Na2SeO3 were chosen as stable reagents of alkaline thiourea solution substituting Na2SO3, according to the structure-property relationship between the stability of alkaline thiourea and the structure of th...Na2SiO3 and Na2SeO3 were chosen as stable reagents of alkaline thiourea solution substituting Na2SO3, according to the structure-property relationship between the stability of alkaline thiourea and the structure of thiourea and sulfite ion, and the effect of the stable reagents on stability of alkaline thiourea was investigated. The results show that contrary to Na2SeO3, Na2SO3 and Na2SiO3 affect the stability of alkaline thiourea solution remarkably. The stable effect of Na2SiO3 on alkaline thiourea is obviously better than that of Na2SO3. The stable reagents Na2SO3 and Na2SiO3 decrease the decomposition rate of alkaline thiourea solution greatly, and the decomposition rate of alkaline thiourea reduces from （72.5%） to （33.8%） with addition of (0.3 mol·L-1) Na2SiO3. Dissolution currents of gold in the alkaline thiourea solution containing Na2SO3 and Na2SiO3 are （2.0） (mA·cm-2) and （3.5） (mA·cm-2) at the potential of 0.42 V, respectively, and Na2SO3 is consumed excessively due to the oxidation reaction of Na2SO3 occurring in the studied potential range. Na2SiO3 is an efficient stable reagent of alkaline thiourea solution, and gold dissolution is accelerated much more obviously by Na2SiO3 than by Na2SO3.展开更多
Topological method is applied firstly to calculate the group connectivity indexes of some flotation reagents for sulfide minerals and oxide minerals. The study reveals that some properties of flotation reagents, such ...Topological method is applied firstly to calculate the group connectivity indexes of some flotation reagents for sulfide minerals and oxide minerals. The study reveals that some properties of flotation reagents, such as group electronegativity, energy criterion, solubility product of chemicals and maximum wavelength of ultraviolet absorbency, have linear correlation with the first order group connectivity index (GCI) of polar group, and the related coefficients are all larger than 0.900. The GCI can be used to characterize the structure of groups, and is a sort of new effective structural parameter to study the quantitative structure activity relationship of flotation reagents.展开更多
Reagents are optimized for the simultaneous determination of trace amounts of Cu^(2+), Cd^(2+) and Co^(2+) in zinc sulfate solution, which contains an extremely large excess of Zn^(2+). First, the reagents and their d...Reagents are optimized for the simultaneous determination of trace amounts of Cu^(2+), Cd^(2+) and Co^(2+) in zinc sulfate solution, which contains an extremely large excess of Zn^(2+). First, the reagents and their doses for the experiment are selected according to the characteristics of the zinc sulfate solution. Then, the reagent doses are optimized by analyzing the influence of reagent dose on the polarographic parameters(i.e. half-wave potential E_(1/2) and limiting diffusion current I_p). Finally, the optimization results are verified by simultaneously determining trace amounts of Cu^(2+), Cd^(2+) and Co^(2+) in the presence of an extremely large excess of Zn^(2+). The determination results indicate that the optimized reagents exhibit wide linearity, low detection limits, high accuracy and good precision for the simultaneous determination of trace amounts of Cu^(2+), Cd^(2+) and Co^(2+) in the presence of an extremely large excess of Zn^(2+).展开更多
The interaction between a flotation reagent and mineral surface not only depends on the bonding atom, but also depends on the adjacent atom of mineral surface, a flotation reagent and the medium in the system of flota...The interaction between a flotation reagent and mineral surface not only depends on the bonding atom, but also depends on the adjacent atom of mineral surface, a flotation reagent and the medium in the system of flotation. Energy equation of a reagent interacting with mineral surface has been deduced from this model. Results of the studies indicate that the interaction energy between mineral surface and a reagent is about several dozen kJ/mol, and the relationship between adsorbing concentration of xanthate on mineral surface and interaction energy is the exponent form.展开更多
Fenton's reagent was employed to treat the wastewater containing RDX.The effects of FeSO4 concentration,H2O2 concentration,pH value,reaction time,temperature and initial COD of wastewater on residual COD of wastew...Fenton's reagent was employed to treat the wastewater containing RDX.The effects of FeSO4 concentration,H2O2 concentration,pH value,reaction time,temperature and initial COD of wastewater on residual COD of wastewater were investigated.The results show that the optimum FeSO4 concentration and pH are 700 mg/L and 2.5,respectively,and the residual COD of wastewater decreases with the rise in H2O2 concentration,but increases with the rise in temperature.After Fenton's reagent treatment,the initial COD of less than 874 mg/L wastewater can meet effluent standard.Under conditions of 100 mg/L H2O2,437 mg/L initial COD and 15 ℃ temperature,the lowest residual COD is obtained at 83.80 mg/L in 5 min.展开更多
Finding appropriate flotation reagents to separate copper-nickel sulfide ores from various magnesium silicate gangue minerals has always been a challenge in the mineral processing industry.This study introduced xantha...Finding appropriate flotation reagents to separate copper-nickel sulfide ores from various magnesium silicate gangue minerals has always been a challenge in the mineral processing industry.This study introduced xanthan gum(XG)as a non-toxic and environmentally friendly depressant of talc,olivine,and serpentine.The effects and mechanisms of XG on the aggregation and flotation behavior of talc,olivine and serpentine were investigated by flotation tests,sedimentation tests,IC-FBRM particle size analysis tests,adsorption quantity tests,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)tests,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis tests and Zeta potential tests.The flotation results indicated that when the three minerals were mixed,XG caused the talc-serpentine aggregation in the solution to shift to olivine-serpentine aggregation,with the remaining XG adsorbing on talc to depress its flotation.In addition,combining XPS and zeta potential tests,the-OH(hydroxyl)groups in XG molecules preferentially adsorbed on Mg sites on the surface of olivine through chemical bonding.The surface potential of olivine significantly shifted to a more negative value,with the negative charge on the olivine surface far exceeding that on the talc surface.This resulted in an increased aggregation effect between positively charged serpentine and negatively charged olivine due to enhanced electrostatic forces.展开更多
The intricate grinding process exposes various cleavage surfaces of mineral particles.This paper systematically investigates the structural characteristics of exposed malachite crystal surfaces and the adsorption beha...The intricate grinding process exposes various cleavage surfaces of mineral particles.This paper systematically investigates the structural characteristics of exposed malachite crystal surfaces and the adsorption behavior and mechanism of hydroxamic acid and water molecules using first-principle density functional theory.The study reveals anisotropic surface energies among crystal surfaces,ranked as(201)>(100)>(110)>(001)>(010)>(201).The adsorption of hydroxamic acid and water molecules on malachite surfaces also exhibited anisotropy.The difference in adsorption strength between hydroxamic acid and water molecules on the six exposed surfaces followed the order of(110)>(100)>(010)>(001)>(201)>(201),and the resistance of water molecules to the adsorption of hydroxamic acid on the six exposed surfaces was(110)>(201)>(010)>(201)>(001)>(100).It indicates that the reagent exhibits a strong competitive advantage in adsorption on the(100)surface,and the hindrance of water molecules to reagent adsorption is relatively small,which is favorable for flotation.This study provides theoretical references and innovative insights for the precise design of flotation reagents,as well as for the meticulous optimization of mineral surface interfaces,with the objective of enhancing flotation separation.展开更多
文摘An efficient copper-catalyzed regioselective acyloxy-trifluoromethylation of allenamides using Togni'sⅡreagent as the source of both the trifluoromethyl and acyloxy moieties was developed to create a workable route to CF_(3)-substituted allylic esters.The reaction exhibited good functional group tolerance and high efficiency,affording the products in moderate to good yields.Mechanistic investigations indicated a radical process was likely involved in this transformation.
文摘This study focuses on using a green reagent scheme of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and citric acid (CA) to extract valuable metals from the cathodes, aiming to minimize environmental impact during the recycling process. Leaching studies on LiCoO_(2) identified optimal conditions as follows: 2.4 mol/L MSA, 1.6 mol/L CA, S/L ratio of 80 g/L, leaching temperature of 90oC and leaching time of 6 h. The maximum Co and Li extraction achieved was 92% and 85%, respectively. LiCoO_(2) dissolution in MSA-CA leaching solution is highly impacted by temperature;Avrami equation showed a good fitting for the leaching data. The experimental activation energy of Co and Li was 50.98 kJ/mol and 50.55 kJ/mol, respectively, indicating that it is a chemical reaction-controlled process. Furthermore, cobalt was efficiently recovered from the leachate using oxalic acid, achieving a precipitation efficiency of 99.91% and a high-purity cobalt oxalate product (99.85 wt.%). In the MSA-CA leaching solution, MSA served as a lixiviant, while CA played a key role in reducing Co in LiCoO_(2). The overall organic acid leaching methodology presents an attractive option due to its reduced environmental impact.
基金Project(08JCYBJC02600) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,ChinaProject(2008ZX07314-005-011) supported by the National Major Technological Program of China
文摘The pretreatment of refractory polyvinyl-alcohol （PVA） wastewater with low value of CODcr by Fenton＇s reagent was investigated to enhance the biodegradabilily. The effects of operating conditions such as pH of the solution, Fe2＋ dosage, H2O2 dosage, reaction time and initial PVA concentration on the removal efficiency of CODCr were discussed. It is demonstrated that the optimum value of pH for removal of CODcr is 5 and the most suitable dosages of H2O2 （2%） and FeSO4 （10 mg/L） are 5% and 8.0%, respectively. When the initial CODcr value of the PVA water is 760 mg/L, the favorable reaction time is 110 min. Under these optimum conditions, the removal ratio of CODcr is 58.6% 61.4%, and the value of biodegradability （CODB/CODcr） increases markedly from 8.9% 9.7% to 62.6% 68.3%.
文摘Na2SiO3 and Na2SeO3 were chosen as stable reagents of alkaline thiourea solution substituting Na2SO3, according to the structure-property relationship between the stability of alkaline thiourea and the structure of thiourea and sulfite ion, and the effect of the stable reagents on stability of alkaline thiourea was investigated. The results show that contrary to Na2SeO3, Na2SO3 and Na2SiO3 affect the stability of alkaline thiourea solution remarkably. The stable effect of Na2SiO3 on alkaline thiourea is obviously better than that of Na2SO3. The stable reagents Na2SO3 and Na2SiO3 decrease the decomposition rate of alkaline thiourea solution greatly, and the decomposition rate of alkaline thiourea reduces from （72.5%） to （33.8%） with addition of (0.3 mol·L-1) Na2SiO3. Dissolution currents of gold in the alkaline thiourea solution containing Na2SO3 and Na2SiO3 are （2.0） (mA·cm-2) and （3.5） (mA·cm-2) at the potential of 0.42 V, respectively, and Na2SO3 is consumed excessively due to the oxidation reaction of Na2SO3 occurring in the studied potential range. Na2SiO3 is an efficient stable reagent of alkaline thiourea solution, and gold dissolution is accelerated much more obviously by Na2SiO3 than by Na2SO3.
文摘Topological method is applied firstly to calculate the group connectivity indexes of some flotation reagents for sulfide minerals and oxide minerals. The study reveals that some properties of flotation reagents, such as group electronegativity, energy criterion, solubility product of chemicals and maximum wavelength of ultraviolet absorbency, have linear correlation with the first order group connectivity index (GCI) of polar group, and the related coefficients are all larger than 0.900. The GCI can be used to characterize the structure of groups, and is a sort of new effective structural parameter to study the quantitative structure activity relationship of flotation reagents.
基金Projects(61533021,61321003,61273185)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2015CX007)supported by the Innovation-driven Plan in Central South University,ChinaProject(13JJ8003)supported by the Joint Fund of Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Reagents are optimized for the simultaneous determination of trace amounts of Cu^(2+), Cd^(2+) and Co^(2+) in zinc sulfate solution, which contains an extremely large excess of Zn^(2+). First, the reagents and their doses for the experiment are selected according to the characteristics of the zinc sulfate solution. Then, the reagent doses are optimized by analyzing the influence of reagent dose on the polarographic parameters(i.e. half-wave potential E_(1/2) and limiting diffusion current I_p). Finally, the optimization results are verified by simultaneously determining trace amounts of Cu^(2+), Cd^(2+) and Co^(2+) in the presence of an extremely large excess of Zn^(2+). The determination results indicate that the optimized reagents exhibit wide linearity, low detection limits, high accuracy and good precision for the simultaneous determination of trace amounts of Cu^(2+), Cd^(2+) and Co^(2+) in the presence of an extremely large excess of Zn^(2+).
文摘The interaction between a flotation reagent and mineral surface not only depends on the bonding atom, but also depends on the adjacent atom of mineral surface, a flotation reagent and the medium in the system of flotation. Energy equation of a reagent interacting with mineral surface has been deduced from this model. Results of the studies indicate that the interaction energy between mineral surface and a reagent is about several dozen kJ/mol, and the relationship between adsorbing concentration of xanthate on mineral surface and interaction energy is the exponent form.
基金Sponsored by National Nature Science Foundation of China (20476010)
文摘Fenton's reagent was employed to treat the wastewater containing RDX.The effects of FeSO4 concentration,H2O2 concentration,pH value,reaction time,temperature and initial COD of wastewater on residual COD of wastewater were investigated.The results show that the optimum FeSO4 concentration and pH are 700 mg/L and 2.5,respectively,and the residual COD of wastewater decreases with the rise in H2O2 concentration,but increases with the rise in temperature.After Fenton's reagent treatment,the initial COD of less than 874 mg/L wastewater can meet effluent standard.Under conditions of 100 mg/L H2O2,437 mg/L initial COD and 15 ℃ temperature,the lowest residual COD is obtained at 83.80 mg/L in 5 min.
基金Project(52264022)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BGRIMM-KJSKL-2025-17)supported by the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing,China。
文摘Finding appropriate flotation reagents to separate copper-nickel sulfide ores from various magnesium silicate gangue minerals has always been a challenge in the mineral processing industry.This study introduced xanthan gum(XG)as a non-toxic and environmentally friendly depressant of talc,olivine,and serpentine.The effects and mechanisms of XG on the aggregation and flotation behavior of talc,olivine and serpentine were investigated by flotation tests,sedimentation tests,IC-FBRM particle size analysis tests,adsorption quantity tests,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)tests,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis tests and Zeta potential tests.The flotation results indicated that when the three minerals were mixed,XG caused the talc-serpentine aggregation in the solution to shift to olivine-serpentine aggregation,with the remaining XG adsorbing on talc to depress its flotation.In addition,combining XPS and zeta potential tests,the-OH(hydroxyl)groups in XG molecules preferentially adsorbed on Mg sites on the surface of olivine through chemical bonding.The surface potential of olivine significantly shifted to a more negative value,with the negative charge on the olivine surface far exceeding that on the talc surface.This resulted in an increased aggregation effect between positively charged serpentine and negatively charged olivine due to enhanced electrostatic forces.
基金Project(52074356)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BGRIMM-KJSKL-2023-06)supported by the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing,China+4 种基金Project(2022RC1183)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(kq2009095)supported by the Changsha Science and Technology Project(Outstanding Innovative Youth Training Program),ChinaProject(2023CXQD002)supported by the Innovation Driven Program of Central South University,ChinaProject(B14034)supported by the National“111”Project,ChinaProject(2024ZZTS0655)supported by the Independent Exploration and Innovation Project for Graduate Students of Central South University,China。
文摘The intricate grinding process exposes various cleavage surfaces of mineral particles.This paper systematically investigates the structural characteristics of exposed malachite crystal surfaces and the adsorption behavior and mechanism of hydroxamic acid and water molecules using first-principle density functional theory.The study reveals anisotropic surface energies among crystal surfaces,ranked as(201)>(100)>(110)>(001)>(010)>(201).The adsorption of hydroxamic acid and water molecules on malachite surfaces also exhibited anisotropy.The difference in adsorption strength between hydroxamic acid and water molecules on the six exposed surfaces followed the order of(110)>(100)>(010)>(001)>(201)>(201),and the resistance of water molecules to the adsorption of hydroxamic acid on the six exposed surfaces was(110)>(201)>(010)>(201)>(001)>(100).It indicates that the reagent exhibits a strong competitive advantage in adsorption on the(100)surface,and the hindrance of water molecules to reagent adsorption is relatively small,which is favorable for flotation.This study provides theoretical references and innovative insights for the precise design of flotation reagents,as well as for the meticulous optimization of mineral surface interfaces,with the objective of enhancing flotation separation.
