A hierarchical structural decomposition analysis(SDA) model has been developed based on process-level input-output(I-O) tables to analyze the drivers of energy consumption changes in an integrated steel plant during 2...A hierarchical structural decomposition analysis(SDA) model has been developed based on process-level input-output(I-O) tables to analyze the drivers of energy consumption changes in an integrated steel plant during 2011-2013. By combining the principle of hierarchical decomposition into D&L method, a hierarchical decomposition model for multilevel SDA is obtained. The developed hierarchical IO-SDA model would provide consistent results and need less computation effort compared with the traditional SDA model. The decomposition results of the steel plant suggest that the technology improvement and reduced steel final demand are two major reasons for declined total energy consumption. The technical improvements of blast furnaces, basic oxygen furnaces, the power plant and the by-products utilization level have contributed mostly in reducing energy consumption. A major retrofit of ancillary process units and solving fuel substitution problem in the sinter plant and blast furnace are important for further energy saving. Besides the empirical results, this work also discussed that why and how hierarchical SDA can be applied in a process-level decomposition analysis of aggregated indicators.展开更多
The energy efficiency（EE） for the full-duplex massive multi-input multi-output（MIMO） system is investigated. Given the transmit powers of both the uplink and the downlink, the closed-form solutions of the optimal ...The energy efficiency（EE） for the full-duplex massive multi-input multi-output（MIMO） system is investigated. Given the transmit powers of both the uplink and the downlink, the closed-form solutions of the optimal number of antennas and the maximum EE are achieved in the high regime of the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）. It is shown that the optimal number of antennas and the maximum EE gets larger with the increase in user numbers. To further improve the EE, an optimization algorithm with low complexity is proposed to jointly determine the number of antennas and the transmit powers of both the uplink and the downlink. It is shown that, the proposed algorithm can achieve the system performance very close to the exhaustive search.展开更多
为了降低空频分组编码的多输入多输出正交频分复用(Space Frequency Block Coding Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,SFBC MIMO-OFDM)系统中传统选择性映射(Selected Mapping,SLM)算法的计...为了降低空频分组编码的多输入多输出正交频分复用(Space Frequency Block Coding Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,SFBC MIMO-OFDM)系统中传统选择性映射(Selected Mapping,SLM)算法的计算复杂度,本文提出了结合时域信号的循环移位和等效SFBC编码来产生更多具有不同峰均功率比(Peak to Average Power Ratio,PAPR)的备选序列的方法.接收端通过比较反向旋转序列与最近星座点的距离来恢复出循环移位因子和相位旋转因子,从而实现接收信号的盲检测.仿真结果表明,本文提出方法能有效地抑制SFBC MIMO-OFDM系统的PAPR.另外,本文提出方法明显降低了传统SLM算法的计算复杂度,而且可以获得与传统SLM算法在已知边带副信息情况下相似的比特误码率(Bit Error Rate,BER)性能.展开更多
高峰均比已成为SFBCMIMO-OFDM系统推向实用的主要障碍。针对此问题,提出了一种SFBCMIMO-OFDM系统峰均比抑制的新方法,多相旋转交换PIP(polyphase inversion and permutation)方法。该方法将所有发射天线看作一个整体,通过对序列进行2次...高峰均比已成为SFBCMIMO-OFDM系统推向实用的主要障碍。针对此问题,提出了一种SFBCMIMO-OFDM系统峰均比抑制的新方法,多相旋转交换PIP(polyphase inversion and permutation)方法。该方法将所有发射天线看作一个整体,通过对序列进行2次分割、旋转、交换,既充分利用了各天线子载波之间的共轭和圆周移位特性,又可以结合FFT的运算特性,最大程度上降低了算法复杂度。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。展开更多
基金Project(2012GK2025)supported by Science-Technology Plan Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2013zzts039)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central South University,China
文摘A hierarchical structural decomposition analysis(SDA) model has been developed based on process-level input-output(I-O) tables to analyze the drivers of energy consumption changes in an integrated steel plant during 2011-2013. By combining the principle of hierarchical decomposition into D&L method, a hierarchical decomposition model for multilevel SDA is obtained. The developed hierarchical IO-SDA model would provide consistent results and need less computation effort compared with the traditional SDA model. The decomposition results of the steel plant suggest that the technology improvement and reduced steel final demand are two major reasons for declined total energy consumption. The technical improvements of blast furnaces, basic oxygen furnaces, the power plant and the by-products utilization level have contributed mostly in reducing energy consumption. A major retrofit of ancillary process units and solving fuel substitution problem in the sinter plant and blast furnace are important for further energy saving. Besides the empirical results, this work also discussed that why and how hierarchical SDA can be applied in a process-level decomposition analysis of aggregated indicators.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61371188)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20130131110029)+2 种基金the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks(ISN14-03)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2014M560553)the Special Funds for Postdoctoral Innovative Projects of Shandong Province(201401013)
文摘The energy efficiency（EE） for the full-duplex massive multi-input multi-output（MIMO） system is investigated. Given the transmit powers of both the uplink and the downlink, the closed-form solutions of the optimal number of antennas and the maximum EE are achieved in the high regime of the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）. It is shown that the optimal number of antennas and the maximum EE gets larger with the increase in user numbers. To further improve the EE, an optimization algorithm with low complexity is proposed to jointly determine the number of antennas and the transmit powers of both the uplink and the downlink. It is shown that, the proposed algorithm can achieve the system performance very close to the exhaustive search.
文摘为了降低空频分组编码的多输入多输出正交频分复用(Space Frequency Block Coding Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,SFBC MIMO-OFDM)系统中传统选择性映射(Selected Mapping,SLM)算法的计算复杂度,本文提出了结合时域信号的循环移位和等效SFBC编码来产生更多具有不同峰均功率比(Peak to Average Power Ratio,PAPR)的备选序列的方法.接收端通过比较反向旋转序列与最近星座点的距离来恢复出循环移位因子和相位旋转因子,从而实现接收信号的盲检测.仿真结果表明,本文提出方法能有效地抑制SFBC MIMO-OFDM系统的PAPR.另外,本文提出方法明显降低了传统SLM算法的计算复杂度,而且可以获得与传统SLM算法在已知边带副信息情况下相似的比特误码率(Bit Error Rate,BER)性能.
文摘高峰均比已成为SFBCMIMO-OFDM系统推向实用的主要障碍。针对此问题,提出了一种SFBCMIMO-OFDM系统峰均比抑制的新方法,多相旋转交换PIP(polyphase inversion and permutation)方法。该方法将所有发射天线看作一个整体,通过对序列进行2次分割、旋转、交换,既充分利用了各天线子载波之间的共轭和圆周移位特性,又可以结合FFT的运算特性,最大程度上降低了算法复杂度。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。
