Objective To explore the sequential effects of hypoxic exercising on miR-27/PPARγand lipid metabolism targetgene and protein expression levels in the obesity rats’liver.Methods 13-week-old male diet-induced obesity ...Objective To explore the sequential effects of hypoxic exercising on miR-27/PPARγand lipid metabolism targetgene and protein expression levels in the obesity rats’liver.Methods 13-week-old male diet-induced obesity rats were randomlydivided into three groups(n=10):normal oxygen concentration quiet group(N),hypoxia quiet group(H),hypoxic exercise group(HE).Exercise training on the horizontal animal treadmill for 1 h/d,5 d/week for a total of 4 week,and the intensity of horizontaltreadmill training was 20 m/min(hypoxic concentration was 13.6%).Comparison of the weights of perirenal fat and epididymal fat in rats across different groups and calculation of Lee’s index based on body weight and body length of rats in each group were done.And the serum concentrations of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-densitylipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels were detected.RT-PCR and Western Blot were used to detect the levels of miR-27,PPARγ,CYP7A1 and CD36.Results Hypoxic exercise decreased the expression levels of miR-27 in the obese rats’liver,however,theexpression level of PPARγwas gradually increased.The expression levels of miR-27 in HE group were significantly lower than Ngroup(P<0.05).The expression levels of PPARγmRNA in N group were significantly lower than H group(P<0.05),especially lowerthan HE group(P<0.01).The protein expression of PPARγprotein in N group was significantly lower than that other groups(P<0.01).The expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins increased in the obese rats’liver.The expression of CYP7A1mRNA in N group was significantly lower than H group(P<0.05),especially lower than HE group(P<0.01).The expression ofCYP7A1 protein in the obese rats’liver in N group was extremely lower than H group and HE group(P<0.01).The proteinexpression of CD36 in N group was significantly lower than that in HE group(P<0.05).Hypoxia exercise improved the relatedphysiological and biochemical indexes of lipid metabolism disorder.The perirenal fat weight of obese rats in HE group wasextremely lower than N group and H group(P<0.01),and the perirenal fat weight in N group was significantly higher than H group(P<0.05).The epididymal fat weight in N group was significantly higher than H group(P<0.05),and extremely higher than HEgroup(P<0.01).The Lee’s index in HE group was extremely lower than N group and H group(P<0.01).The serum concentration ofTC in obese rats in HE group was extremely lower than N group and H group(P<0.01).The serum concentration of TG in HE groupwas extremely lower than N group and H group(P<0.01).The serum concentration of LDL-C in N group was extremely higher thanHE group(P<0.01).The serum concentration of HDL-C in N group was extremely lower than H group(P<0.01).Conclusion Hypoxiaand hypoxia exercise may negatively regulate the levels of PPARγby inhibiting miR-27 in the obese rats’liver,thereby affecting theexpression of downstream target genes CYP7A1 and CD36,and promoting cholesterol,fatty acid oxidation and HDL-C transport inthe liver,and ultimately the lipid levels in obese rats were improved.The effect of hypoxia exercise on improving blood lipid isbetter than simple hypoxia intervention.展开更多
Objective:To anatomically and phenotypically characterize the insular cortex(IC)-nucleus tractus soli-tari(NTS)neural pathway.Methods:Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental cohorts for neu...Objective:To anatomically and phenotypically characterize the insular cortex(IC)-nucleus tractus soli-tari(NTS)neural pathway.Methods:Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental cohorts for neural circuit tracing.Anterograde labeling was achieved by injecting anterograde self-complementary adeno-associated viruses(scAAVs)into the IC.Retrograde tracing involved NTS injections of either retrograde scAAVs or FluoroGold(FG),combined with immunofluorescence histochemical staining to identify IC-originating projection neurons.For postsynaptic neurochemical phenotype characterization,IC was injected with AAV2/1-CaMKII-Cre,while a mixture of AAV2/9-Syn-DIO-mCherry and AAV2/9-VGAT1-EGFP was injected into the NTS.The rats were allowed to survive for one week following scAAVs or FG injection or four weeks after recombinase-dependent systems injection.Then the rats were sacrificed,and serial brain sections were prepared for immunofluorescence histochemical staining(brain section containing FG)and subsequent fluorescence/confocal microscopic analysis.Results:(1)Anterograde viral tracing re-vealed dense axonal terminals from the IC projecting to the medial subnucleus of the NTS,while retrograde tracing re-vealed that IC neurons projecting to the NTS were predominantly localized within the dysgranular layer;(2)IC-NTS projection neurons were exclusive glutamatergic(100%,n=3);(3)NTS neurons receiving IC inputs were mainly lo-calized in the medial subnucleus,and were predominantly GABAergic(79.8±3.2%,n=3).Conclusion:The pres-ent results indicate that a descending pathway from excitatory neurons of the IC terminates onto inhibitory neurons of the NTS,which might represent a potential neuromodulatory target for visceral pain disorders.展开更多
目的:研究腺病毒介导14-3-3.σ(Ad-14-3-.3σ)对Akt过表达Rat1-Akt细胞成瘤性的作用,并探讨其作用是否通过负调控Akt而实现。方法:通过半体内和体内实验观察Ad-14-3-.3σ转染对Rat1-Akt细胞在裸鼠中成瘤性的影响;采用W estern b lottin...目的:研究腺病毒介导14-3-3.σ(Ad-14-3-.3σ)对Akt过表达Rat1-Akt细胞成瘤性的作用,并探讨其作用是否通过负调控Akt而实现。方法:通过半体内和体内实验观察Ad-14-3-.3σ转染对Rat1-Akt细胞在裸鼠中成瘤性的影响;采用W estern b lotting方法检测转染14-3-.3σ基因后肿瘤组织内14-3-.3σ蛋白及其对Akt蛋白、Akt磷酸化活性和Akt磷酸化底物水平的影响。结果:无论体外用Ad-14-3-3σ处理Rat1-Akt细胞,还是体内经瘤内注射Ad-14-3-3σ,均可见14-3-3.σ可使荷瘤鼠肿瘤体积显著缩小(P<0.05),出现肿瘤的时间推迟,其中以长时间不间断给药疗效最好;转染14-3-.3σ基因治疗组的肿瘤组织中Akt蛋白、Akt-Thr308位点磷酸化活性及Akt磷酸化底物水平低于转染Ad-β-gal或PBS处理的对照组。结论:14-3-3σ可抑制Rat1-Akt细胞在裸鼠中的成瘤性,14-3-3σ通过负性调控Akt蛋白水平和磷酸化活性而抑瘤。展开更多
Astrocytes are implicated in the pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease.Our previous studies have demonstrated that estrogen deprivation and oxidative stress act synergistically to accelerate the progress of ...Astrocytes are implicated in the pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease.Our previous studies have demonstrated that estrogen deprivation and oxidative stress act synergistically to accelerate the progress of Alzheimer's disease.Long-term D-galactose injection combined with ovariectomy may serve as a rodent model for Alzheimer's disease.To address the potential contribution of astroglia to the Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis,we investigated pathological and biochemical alterations of astrocytes under this animal model.Ovadectomized rats injected with D-galactose for 2 weeks showed extensive localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactive astrocytes and slightly elevated glutathione levels in the hippocampus without significant impairments in the water maze test and deficits of the cholinergic analyses,compared to the saline-injected rats.Ovariectomized rats injected with D-galactose for 6 weeks,however,exhibited degeneration of astrocytes and decreased glutathione levels in the hippocampus,accompanied with severe dysfunction of behavioral test and deficiency of cholinergic terminals.Electron microscopy further confirmed the pathological changes of astrocytes,especially in the aggregated area of synapse and brain microvessels.Consistent with degeneration of perivascular astrocytic endfeet,analysis of the horseradish peroxidase demonstrated an impairment of the blood-brain barrier permeability.These findings indicate that biochemical and pathological alterations of astrocytes may partially contribute to exacerbating neuronal deficits in the course of Alzheimer's disease.Restoring neuroprotective potential of astrocytes may be a useful therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Neurotransmitters of the central nervous system were the important way to study the mechanism of anesthesia. The effect of different doses of xylazine anesthetic on the glutamate(Glu) and γ-aminobutyric-acid(GABA) we...Neurotransmitters of the central nervous system were the important way to study the mechanism of anesthesia. The effect of different doses of xylazine anesthetic on the glutamate(Glu) and γ-aminobutyric-acid(GABA) were investigated and the mechanism of xylazine anesthetic on the central nervous system were explored in this study. A total of 88 rats were randomly divided into three groups, including normal saline control group, group with low dose of xylazine and group with high dose of xylazine.Cerebrum, cerebellum, hippocampus, thalamus and brainstem were collected. The results showed that the concentration of Glu in the hippocampus, thalamus and brainstem decreased first and then increased, but it increased first and then decreased in the cerebrum and cerebellum during the period of anesthesia. The concentration of GABA in the cerebrum, thalamus, brainstem and hippocampus increased first and then decreased. The results showed that xylazine inhibited Glu and promoted GABA with different dose dependence. The results and methods could provide guides for the clinical use of xylazine.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to study the effects of different Chinese herbs on lactation in the rat. Seventy-two Sprague Dawley female rats at gestation day 18 were assigned to 9 groups randomly, with 8 rats each. Con...An experiment was conducted to study the effects of different Chinese herbs on lactation in the rat. Seventy-two Sprague Dawley female rats at gestation day 18 were assigned to 9 groups randomly, with 8 rats each. Control rats were offered basal diets until the end of the weaning period. Rats in the other 8 groups were administered diets supplemented with 1% Medulla tetmpanacis （MT）, Astragalus membranacens （AM）, Vaccaria segetalis （VS）, Leonurus heterophyllus sweet （LHS）, Radix rehmarmiae preparata （RRP）, Squama man/t/s （SM）, Schisandra chinensis （SC）, Ligustrum lucidum （LL）, respectively. After parturition, the litter size was culled to 8 pups per dam. Pup weight and milk yield were significantly higher in the VS, LHS, AM and SM groups than these in the control group during middle and late lactation （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. The weight and feed intake were not different in the dams fed either diet.展开更多
Objective:To confirm that double-axis rotation activates vestibular nuclear complex(VNC)via stimulating vestibular endorgans.Methods:Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided equally into four groups:cont...Objective:To confirm that double-axis rotation activates vestibular nuclear complex(VNC)via stimulating vestibular endorgans.Methods:Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided equally into four groups:control,rotation,vestibular-lesioned and vestibular-lesioned plus roatation.Lesion of vestibular endorgans were accomplished through tanstympanic injection of 100 mg of sodium arsanilate.All animals were singly restrained in custommade Perspex containers and placed in darkness.Rats in rotation and vestibular-lesioned plus rotation groups were subjected to double-axis rotation for 2 h,while others as control were positioned close to the stimulator.Following stimulation,all rats were anesthetically killed and the brain tissues removed to examine Fos expression level using Western Blot.Results:Compared with normal control,rats in rotation group exhibited a tendency to increase in Fos expression in the VNC,although without statistical significance(P>0.05).The Fos expression levels in vestibular-lesioned and vestibular-lesioned plus rotation groups approximated.When normalized to the Fos expression in normal control group,the values representing Fos level in rotation,vestibular-lesioned and vestibular-leioned plus rotation groups were 1.129±0.0631,0.959±0.0487 and 1.023±0.237,respectively.Conclusion:Double-axis rotation can activate VNC neurons,and sodium arsanilate can functionally disrupt vestibular endorgans.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To explore the underlying mechanisms involved in the effect of sesamin on aortic NO bioactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rat(SHR).METHODS Sesamin was orally administered for consecutive 8 weeks in SHR.S...OBJECTIVE To explore the underlying mechanisms involved in the effect of sesamin on aortic NO bioactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rat(SHR).METHODS Sesamin was orally administered for consecutive 8 weeks in SHR.Systolic blood pressure(SBP)was measured using the tail-cuff method.The aortas were isolated and in vitro vascular reactivity studies were performed.Superoxide anion production in carotid arteries was assessed by dihydroethidium fluorescence staining.The protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS),phosphorylated eNOS(P-eNOS),dihydrofolate reductase(DHFR),nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)oxidase subunit p47 phox and copper,zinc-superoxide dismutase(Cu/Zn-SOD)in aortas was detected by Western blotting.The dimeric form of eNOS in aortas was determined by low-temperature SDS-PAGE.Aortic level of nitrotyrosine and activities of antioxidant enzymes,namely,total SOD(T-SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GPx)and catalase were also detected.RESULTS In SHR,sesamin treatment reduced SBP,improved vascular relaxation induced by acetylcholine and enhanced aortic NO bioactivity.Sesamin treatment enhanced NO biosynthesis in SHR aortas was due to upregulated P-eNOS and suppressed eNOS uncoupling,and the latter effect might be attributed to decreased nitrotyrosine and upregulated DHFR.Sesamin also reducd the NO oxidative inactivation and decreased the superoxide anion production through downregulation of p47 phox and amelioration of eNOS uncoupling.In addition,sesamin treatment did not alter the levels of GPx and catalase activity but obviously reduced the compensatory elevated T-SOD activity and Cu/Zn-SOD protein expression.CONCLUSION Chronic treatment with sesamin could reduce hypertension and improve endothelial dysfunction through enhancement of NO bioactivity in SHRs aortas.展开更多
A total of 40 Wistar rats, weighing 130-140 g, were allocated randomly into four groups. They were orally administrated with 0 （control group, GC）, 64.18 （low-dose group, GL）, 128.36 （middle-dose group, GM）, and...A total of 40 Wistar rats, weighing 130-140 g, were allocated randomly into four groups. They were orally administrated with 0 （control group, GC）, 64.18 （low-dose group, GL）, 128.36 （middle-dose group, GM）, and 256.72 （high-dose group, GH） mg aluminum chloride （AlCl3） per kilogram body weight in drinking water for 120 days. Kidney coefficient and aluminum （Al） concentrations in blood and kidney were determined, and renal autopsy and histological changes were observed. The results showed that kidney coefficient in all Al-treated groups were obviously lower than that in GC （P〈0.01） and there was a dose-effect relationship. The kidneys were solid, lusterless and pale brown with white necrosis point on surface. Under electron microscope, renal cortex became thin, the renal tubule was narrowed and the epithelium dissolved; the renal glomerulus became atrophied and the glomerular became vasodilator. The Al concentrations in blood and kidney were higher in all Al-treated rats than those in GC （P〈0.01）, and there was a dose-effect relationship. The results indicated that sub-chronic Al exposure could lead to Al accumulation in kidney, restrain the development of kidney and cause the pathologic damage in rats.展开更多
Objective To establish and improve the model of heart-thymus composite transplantation.Methods Vascularized both lobes of the thymus is transplanted heterotopically with the heart as a composite graft in rats.This tec...Objective To establish and improve the model of heart-thymus composite transplantation.Methods Vascularized both lobes of the thymus is transplanted heterotopically with the heart as a composite graft in rats.This technique was developed and assessed,and viability of the grafts was evaluated histologically.Results Donor operation costed 38.5±3.52 min,vascular anastomosis costed 25.0±3.28 min,operating successful rate was 90%,acute rejection was observed in SD-Wistar group,viable thymus with normal microarchitecture was maintained in Wistar-Wistar group.Conclusions The improved novel technique for combined heart-thymus transplantation is a valuable method for study of the role of thymus in transplantation immunity.展开更多
Objective To study the retinal tissue degeneration of intraocular hypertension experimentally induced in acute and chronic way. Methods In the acute model, pressure elevation was quickly induced by a needle in the ant...Objective To study the retinal tissue degeneration of intraocular hypertension experimentally induced in acute and chronic way. Methods In the acute model, pressure elevation was quickly induced by a needle in the anterior chamber and the retinal reaction was studied at 1,2,4,5,7,10 days after treatment. The tissue damage with chronic hypertension,induced by the cauterization of two episcleral veins,was studied at 1 and 2 month after the treatment. The TUNEL method and Caspade 3a immunochemical study evidenced the apoptosis mechanism. The NADPH-diaphorase reaction identified the Nitric Oxide, ( NO) producing cells. Results In the acute model,the immunohistochemical study evidenced that the apoptosis was an early death mechanism for ganglionar cells. The activity of Nitric Oxide Synthase ( NOS) didn' t show a significant activation toward the retinal tissue of control. The chronic hypertension model indicated an increase in the NOS signal, meaning an activation of this enzyme in particular bear the vascular vessels, showing the neuroprotective and not only cytotoxic effect of the NO. The TUNEL and Caspase 3a studies indicated that the apoptosic mechanism started in different times, the immunohistochemical reaction showed its immediately beginning or its later activation caused by the chronic damage. Conclusions The opportunity to have a clear vision of the beginning and causing factors of cell degeneration in hypertension damage could permit the study on different substances that act on apoptosis , on NOS mechanism and on synaptic transmission inhibiting or deviating the retinal tissue degeneration and particularly the ganglionar cells death in glaucoma.展开更多
文摘Objective To explore the sequential effects of hypoxic exercising on miR-27/PPARγand lipid metabolism targetgene and protein expression levels in the obesity rats’liver.Methods 13-week-old male diet-induced obesity rats were randomlydivided into three groups(n=10):normal oxygen concentration quiet group(N),hypoxia quiet group(H),hypoxic exercise group(HE).Exercise training on the horizontal animal treadmill for 1 h/d,5 d/week for a total of 4 week,and the intensity of horizontaltreadmill training was 20 m/min(hypoxic concentration was 13.6%).Comparison of the weights of perirenal fat and epididymal fat in rats across different groups and calculation of Lee’s index based on body weight and body length of rats in each group were done.And the serum concentrations of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-densitylipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels were detected.RT-PCR and Western Blot were used to detect the levels of miR-27,PPARγ,CYP7A1 and CD36.Results Hypoxic exercise decreased the expression levels of miR-27 in the obese rats’liver,however,theexpression level of PPARγwas gradually increased.The expression levels of miR-27 in HE group were significantly lower than Ngroup(P<0.05).The expression levels of PPARγmRNA in N group were significantly lower than H group(P<0.05),especially lowerthan HE group(P<0.01).The protein expression of PPARγprotein in N group was significantly lower than that other groups(P<0.01).The expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins increased in the obese rats’liver.The expression of CYP7A1mRNA in N group was significantly lower than H group(P<0.05),especially lower than HE group(P<0.01).The expression ofCYP7A1 protein in the obese rats’liver in N group was extremely lower than H group and HE group(P<0.01).The proteinexpression of CD36 in N group was significantly lower than that in HE group(P<0.05).Hypoxia exercise improved the relatedphysiological and biochemical indexes of lipid metabolism disorder.The perirenal fat weight of obese rats in HE group wasextremely lower than N group and H group(P<0.01),and the perirenal fat weight in N group was significantly higher than H group(P<0.05).The epididymal fat weight in N group was significantly higher than H group(P<0.05),and extremely higher than HEgroup(P<0.01).The Lee’s index in HE group was extremely lower than N group and H group(P<0.01).The serum concentration ofTC in obese rats in HE group was extremely lower than N group and H group(P<0.01).The serum concentration of TG in HE groupwas extremely lower than N group and H group(P<0.01).The serum concentration of LDL-C in N group was extremely higher thanHE group(P<0.01).The serum concentration of HDL-C in N group was extremely lower than H group(P<0.01).Conclusion Hypoxiaand hypoxia exercise may negatively regulate the levels of PPARγby inhibiting miR-27 in the obese rats’liver,thereby affecting theexpression of downstream target genes CYP7A1 and CD36,and promoting cholesterol,fatty acid oxidation and HDL-C transport inthe liver,and ultimately the lipid levels in obese rats were improved.The effect of hypoxia exercise on improving blood lipid isbetter than simple hypoxia intervention.
文摘Objective:To anatomically and phenotypically characterize the insular cortex(IC)-nucleus tractus soli-tari(NTS)neural pathway.Methods:Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental cohorts for neural circuit tracing.Anterograde labeling was achieved by injecting anterograde self-complementary adeno-associated viruses(scAAVs)into the IC.Retrograde tracing involved NTS injections of either retrograde scAAVs or FluoroGold(FG),combined with immunofluorescence histochemical staining to identify IC-originating projection neurons.For postsynaptic neurochemical phenotype characterization,IC was injected with AAV2/1-CaMKII-Cre,while a mixture of AAV2/9-Syn-DIO-mCherry and AAV2/9-VGAT1-EGFP was injected into the NTS.The rats were allowed to survive for one week following scAAVs or FG injection or four weeks after recombinase-dependent systems injection.Then the rats were sacrificed,and serial brain sections were prepared for immunofluorescence histochemical staining(brain section containing FG)and subsequent fluorescence/confocal microscopic analysis.Results:(1)Anterograde viral tracing re-vealed dense axonal terminals from the IC projecting to the medial subnucleus of the NTS,while retrograde tracing re-vealed that IC neurons projecting to the NTS were predominantly localized within the dysgranular layer;(2)IC-NTS projection neurons were exclusive glutamatergic(100%,n=3);(3)NTS neurons receiving IC inputs were mainly lo-calized in the medial subnucleus,and were predominantly GABAergic(79.8±3.2%,n=3).Conclusion:The pres-ent results indicate that a descending pathway from excitatory neurons of the IC terminates onto inhibitory neurons of the NTS,which might represent a potential neuromodulatory target for visceral pain disorders.
文摘目的:研究腺病毒介导14-3-3.σ(Ad-14-3-.3σ)对Akt过表达Rat1-Akt细胞成瘤性的作用,并探讨其作用是否通过负调控Akt而实现。方法:通过半体内和体内实验观察Ad-14-3-.3σ转染对Rat1-Akt细胞在裸鼠中成瘤性的影响;采用W estern b lotting方法检测转染14-3-.3σ基因后肿瘤组织内14-3-.3σ蛋白及其对Akt蛋白、Akt磷酸化活性和Akt磷酸化底物水平的影响。结果:无论体外用Ad-14-3-3σ处理Rat1-Akt细胞,还是体内经瘤内注射Ad-14-3-3σ,均可见14-3-3.σ可使荷瘤鼠肿瘤体积显著缩小(P<0.05),出现肿瘤的时间推迟,其中以长时间不间断给药疗效最好;转染14-3-.3σ基因治疗组的肿瘤组织中Akt蛋白、Akt-Thr308位点磷酸化活性及Akt磷酸化底物水平低于转染Ad-β-gal或PBS处理的对照组。结论:14-3-3σ可抑制Rat1-Akt细胞在裸鼠中的成瘤性,14-3-3σ通过负性调控Akt蛋白水平和磷酸化活性而抑瘤。
文摘Astrocytes are implicated in the pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease.Our previous studies have demonstrated that estrogen deprivation and oxidative stress act synergistically to accelerate the progress of Alzheimer's disease.Long-term D-galactose injection combined with ovariectomy may serve as a rodent model for Alzheimer's disease.To address the potential contribution of astroglia to the Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis,we investigated pathological and biochemical alterations of astrocytes under this animal model.Ovadectomized rats injected with D-galactose for 2 weeks showed extensive localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactive astrocytes and slightly elevated glutathione levels in the hippocampus without significant impairments in the water maze test and deficits of the cholinergic analyses,compared to the saline-injected rats.Ovariectomized rats injected with D-galactose for 6 weeks,however,exhibited degeneration of astrocytes and decreased glutathione levels in the hippocampus,accompanied with severe dysfunction of behavioral test and deficiency of cholinergic terminals.Electron microscopy further confirmed the pathological changes of astrocytes,especially in the aggregated area of synapse and brain microvessels.Consistent with degeneration of perivascular astrocytic endfeet,analysis of the horseradish peroxidase demonstrated an impairment of the blood-brain barrier permeability.These findings indicate that biochemical and pathological alterations of astrocytes may partially contribute to exacerbating neuronal deficits in the course of Alzheimer's disease.Restoring neuroprotective potential of astrocytes may be a useful therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Topic 31572580)
文摘Neurotransmitters of the central nervous system were the important way to study the mechanism of anesthesia. The effect of different doses of xylazine anesthetic on the glutamate(Glu) and γ-aminobutyric-acid(GABA) were investigated and the mechanism of xylazine anesthetic on the central nervous system were explored in this study. A total of 88 rats were randomly divided into three groups, including normal saline control group, group with low dose of xylazine and group with high dose of xylazine.Cerebrum, cerebellum, hippocampus, thalamus and brainstem were collected. The results showed that the concentration of Glu in the hippocampus, thalamus and brainstem decreased first and then increased, but it increased first and then decreased in the cerebrum and cerebellum during the period of anesthesia. The concentration of GABA in the cerebrum, thalamus, brainstem and hippocampus increased first and then decreased. The results showed that xylazine inhibited Glu and promoted GABA with different dose dependence. The results and methods could provide guides for the clinical use of xylazine.
基金Supported by NationalBasicResearchProgramof China(2004CB11750-5)
文摘An experiment was conducted to study the effects of different Chinese herbs on lactation in the rat. Seventy-two Sprague Dawley female rats at gestation day 18 were assigned to 9 groups randomly, with 8 rats each. Control rats were offered basal diets until the end of the weaning period. Rats in the other 8 groups were administered diets supplemented with 1% Medulla tetmpanacis （MT）, Astragalus membranacens （AM）, Vaccaria segetalis （VS）, Leonurus heterophyllus sweet （LHS）, Radix rehmarmiae preparata （RRP）, Squama man/t/s （SM）, Schisandra chinensis （SC）, Ligustrum lucidum （LL）, respectively. After parturition, the litter size was culled to 8 pups per dam. Pup weight and milk yield were significantly higher in the VS, LHS, AM and SM groups than these in the control group during middle and late lactation （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. The weight and feed intake were not different in the dams fed either diet.
文摘Objective:To confirm that double-axis rotation activates vestibular nuclear complex(VNC)via stimulating vestibular endorgans.Methods:Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided equally into four groups:control,rotation,vestibular-lesioned and vestibular-lesioned plus roatation.Lesion of vestibular endorgans were accomplished through tanstympanic injection of 100 mg of sodium arsanilate.All animals were singly restrained in custommade Perspex containers and placed in darkness.Rats in rotation and vestibular-lesioned plus rotation groups were subjected to double-axis rotation for 2 h,while others as control were positioned close to the stimulator.Following stimulation,all rats were anesthetically killed and the brain tissues removed to examine Fos expression level using Western Blot.Results:Compared with normal control,rats in rotation group exhibited a tendency to increase in Fos expression in the VNC,although without statistical significance(P>0.05).The Fos expression levels in vestibular-lesioned and vestibular-lesioned plus rotation groups approximated.When normalized to the Fos expression in normal control group,the values representing Fos level in rotation,vestibular-lesioned and vestibular-leioned plus rotation groups were 1.129±0.0631,0.959±0.0487 and 1.023±0.237,respectively.Conclusion:Double-axis rotation can activate VNC neurons,and sodium arsanilate can functionally disrupt vestibular endorgans.
基金The project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Provincial(1308085QH145)
文摘OBJECTIVE To explore the underlying mechanisms involved in the effect of sesamin on aortic NO bioactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rat(SHR).METHODS Sesamin was orally administered for consecutive 8 weeks in SHR.Systolic blood pressure(SBP)was measured using the tail-cuff method.The aortas were isolated and in vitro vascular reactivity studies were performed.Superoxide anion production in carotid arteries was assessed by dihydroethidium fluorescence staining.The protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS),phosphorylated eNOS(P-eNOS),dihydrofolate reductase(DHFR),nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)oxidase subunit p47 phox and copper,zinc-superoxide dismutase(Cu/Zn-SOD)in aortas was detected by Western blotting.The dimeric form of eNOS in aortas was determined by low-temperature SDS-PAGE.Aortic level of nitrotyrosine and activities of antioxidant enzymes,namely,total SOD(T-SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GPx)and catalase were also detected.RESULTS In SHR,sesamin treatment reduced SBP,improved vascular relaxation induced by acetylcholine and enhanced aortic NO bioactivity.Sesamin treatment enhanced NO biosynthesis in SHR aortas was due to upregulated P-eNOS and suppressed eNOS uncoupling,and the latter effect might be attributed to decreased nitrotyrosine and upregulated DHFR.Sesamin also reducd the NO oxidative inactivation and decreased the superoxide anion production through downregulation of p47 phox and amelioration of eNOS uncoupling.In addition,sesamin treatment did not alter the levels of GPx and catalase activity but obviously reduced the compensatory elevated T-SOD activity and Cu/Zn-SOD protein expression.CONCLUSION Chronic treatment with sesamin could reduce hypertension and improve endothelial dysfunction through enhancement of NO bioactivity in SHRs aortas.
基金Supported by the Postgraduate Innovative Scientific Research Foundation Program of Helongjiang Province (YJSCX2012-026HLJ)
文摘A total of 40 Wistar rats, weighing 130-140 g, were allocated randomly into four groups. They were orally administrated with 0 （control group, GC）, 64.18 （low-dose group, GL）, 128.36 （middle-dose group, GM）, and 256.72 （high-dose group, GH） mg aluminum chloride （AlCl3） per kilogram body weight in drinking water for 120 days. Kidney coefficient and aluminum （Al） concentrations in blood and kidney were determined, and renal autopsy and histological changes were observed. The results showed that kidney coefficient in all Al-treated groups were obviously lower than that in GC （P〈0.01） and there was a dose-effect relationship. The kidneys were solid, lusterless and pale brown with white necrosis point on surface. Under electron microscope, renal cortex became thin, the renal tubule was narrowed and the epithelium dissolved; the renal glomerulus became atrophied and the glomerular became vasodilator. The Al concentrations in blood and kidney were higher in all Al-treated rats than those in GC （P〈0.01）, and there was a dose-effect relationship. The results indicated that sub-chronic Al exposure could lead to Al accumulation in kidney, restrain the development of kidney and cause the pathologic damage in rats.
文摘Objective To establish and improve the model of heart-thymus composite transplantation.Methods Vascularized both lobes of the thymus is transplanted heterotopically with the heart as a composite graft in rats.This technique was developed and assessed,and viability of the grafts was evaluated histologically.Results Donor operation costed 38.5±3.52 min,vascular anastomosis costed 25.0±3.28 min,operating successful rate was 90%,acute rejection was observed in SD-Wistar group,viable thymus with normal microarchitecture was maintained in Wistar-Wistar group.Conclusions The improved novel technique for combined heart-thymus transplantation is a valuable method for study of the role of thymus in transplantation immunity.
文摘Objective To study the retinal tissue degeneration of intraocular hypertension experimentally induced in acute and chronic way. Methods In the acute model, pressure elevation was quickly induced by a needle in the anterior chamber and the retinal reaction was studied at 1,2,4,5,7,10 days after treatment. The tissue damage with chronic hypertension,induced by the cauterization of two episcleral veins,was studied at 1 and 2 month after the treatment. The TUNEL method and Caspade 3a immunochemical study evidenced the apoptosis mechanism. The NADPH-diaphorase reaction identified the Nitric Oxide, ( NO) producing cells. Results In the acute model,the immunohistochemical study evidenced that the apoptosis was an early death mechanism for ganglionar cells. The activity of Nitric Oxide Synthase ( NOS) didn' t show a significant activation toward the retinal tissue of control. The chronic hypertension model indicated an increase in the NOS signal, meaning an activation of this enzyme in particular bear the vascular vessels, showing the neuroprotective and not only cytotoxic effect of the NO. The TUNEL and Caspase 3a studies indicated that the apoptosic mechanism started in different times, the immunohistochemical reaction showed its immediately beginning or its later activation caused by the chronic damage. Conclusions The opportunity to have a clear vision of the beginning and causing factors of cell degeneration in hypertension damage could permit the study on different substances that act on apoptosis , on NOS mechanism and on synaptic transmission inhibiting or deviating the retinal tissue degeneration and particularly the ganglionar cells death in glaucoma.
