Wheat quality detection is essential to ensure the safety ofwheat circulation and storage.The traditional wheat quality detection methods mainly include artificial sensory evaluation and physicochemical index analysis...Wheat quality detection is essential to ensure the safety ofwheat circulation and storage.The traditional wheat quality detection methods mainly include artificial sensory evaluation and physicochemical index analysis,which are difficult to meet the requirements for high accuracy and efficiency in modern wheat quality detection due to the disadvantages of subjectivity,destruction of sample integrity and low efficiency.With the rapid development of optical technology,various optical-based methods,using near-infrared spectroscopy technology,hyperspectral imaging technology and terahertz,etc.,have been proposed for wheat quality detection.These methods have the characteristics of nondestructiveness and high efficiency which make them popular in wheat quality detection in recent years.In this paper,various state-of-the-art optical-based techniques of wheat quality detection are analyzed and summarized in detail.Firstly,the principle and process of common optical non-destructive detection methods for wheat quality are introduced.Then,the optical techniques used in these detection methods are divided into seven categories,and the comparison of these technologies and their advantages and disadvantages are further discussed.It shows that terahertz technology is regarded as the most promising wheat quality detection method compared with other optical detection technologies,because it can not only detect most types of wheat deterioration,but also has higher accuracy and efficiency.Finally,the research of optical technology in wheat quality detection is prospected.The future research of optical technology-based wheat quality detection mainly includes the construction of wheat quality optical detection standardization database,the fusion of multiple optical detection technologies and multiple quality index information,the improvement of the anti-interference of optical technology and the industrialization of optical inspection technology for wheat quality.These studies are of great significance to improve the detection technology of wheat and ensure the storage safety of wheat in the future.展开更多
Although detergent additives for gasoline have been widely commercialized,their formulas are often kept confidential and there is still no standardized method for quickly detecting the main active ingredients and eval...Although detergent additives for gasoline have been widely commercialized,their formulas are often kept confidential and there is still no standardized method for quickly detecting the main active ingredients and evaluating their effectiveness,which makes their regulation difficult.An overview of the current state of the development and application of detergent additives for gasoline in China and other regions,as well as a review of the rapid detection and performance evaluation methods available for analyzing detergent additives are given herein.The review focuses on the convenience,cost,efficiency,and feasibility of on-site detection and the evaluation of various methods,and also looks into future research directions,such as detecting and evaluating detergent additives in ethanol gasoline and with advanced engine technologies.展开更多
Rapid detection of target foodborne pathogens plays more and more significant roles in food safety,which requires the efficiency,sensitivity,and accuracy.In this research,we proposed a new st rategy of isothermal-mole...Rapid detection of target foodborne pathogens plays more and more significant roles in food safety,which requires the efficiency,sensitivity,and accuracy.In this research,we proposed a new st rategy of isothermal-molecular-amplification integrated with lateral-flow-strip for rapid detection of Salmonella without traditional enrichment-culture.Th e designed syringe-assisted-filtration can contribute to simultaneous collection and concentration of target bacterium from vegetable samples in just 3 min,resolving the drawbacks of traditional random sampling protocols.After simple and convenient ultrasonication,samples can be directly amplified at 39℃ in 25 min and the amplicons are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with the designed lateral-flow-strip in 5 min.Finally,satisfied results have been achieved within 40 min,which greatly improve the efficiency while the accuracy is also guaranteed.Furthermore,all detection steps can be completed under instrument-free conditions.This method will hold great promise for target pathogen detection in the resource-limited district,or for emergency on-site identification.展开更多
The muon radiography imaging technique for high-atomic-number objects(Z)and large-volume objects via muon transmission imaging and muon multiple scattering imaging remains a popular topic in the field of radiation det...The muon radiography imaging technique for high-atomic-number objects(Z)and large-volume objects via muon transmission imaging and muon multiple scattering imaging remains a popular topic in the field of radiation detection imaging.However,few imaging studies have been reported on low and medium Z objects at the centimeter scale.This paper presents an imaging system that consists of three layers of a position-sensitive detector and four plastic scintillation detectors.It acquires data by coincidence detection technique of cosmic-ray muon and its secondary particles.A 3D imaging algorithm based on the density of the coinciding muon trajectory was developed,and 4D imaging that takes the atomic number dimension into account by considering the secondary particle ratio information was achieved.The resultant reconstructed 3D images could distinguish between a series of cubes with 5-mm-side lengths and 2-mm-intervals.If the imaging time is more than 20 days,this method can distinguish intervals with a width of 1 mm.The 4D images can specify target objects with low,medium,and high Z values.展开更多
Onlineγ-spectrometry systems for inland waters,most of which extract samples in situ and in real time,are able to produce reliable activity concentration measurements for waterborne radionuclides only when they are d...Onlineγ-spectrometry systems for inland waters,most of which extract samples in situ and in real time,are able to produce reliable activity concentration measurements for waterborne radionuclides only when they are distributed relatively uniformly and enter into a steady-state diffusion regime in the measurement chamber.To protect residents’health and ensure the safety of the living environment,better timeliness is required for this measurement method.To address this issue,this study established a mathematical model of the online waterγ-spectrometry system so that rapid warning and activity estimates can be obtained for water under non-steady-state(NSS)conditions.In addition,the detection efficiency of the detector for radionuclides during the NSS diffusion process was determined by applying the computational fluid dynamics technique in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulations.On this basis,a method was developed that allowed the online waterγ-spectrometry system to provide rapid warning and activity concentration estimates for radionuclides in water.Subsequent analysis of the NSS-mode measurements of^(40)K radioactive solutions with different activity concentrations determined the optimum warning threshold and measurement time for producing accurate activity concentration estimates for radionuclides.The experimental results show that the proposed NSS measurement method is able to give warning and yield accurate activity concentration estimates for radionuclides 55.42 and 69.42 min after the entry of a 10 Bq/L^(40)K radioactive solution into the measurement chamber,respectively.These times are much shorter than the 90 min required by the conventional measurement method.Furthermore,the NSS measurement method allows the measurement system to give rapid(within approximately 15 min)warning when the activity concentrations of some radionuclides reach their respective limits stipulated in the Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality of the WHO,suggesting that this method considerably enhances the warning capacity of in situ online waterγ-spectrometry systems.展开更多
基于近红外光谱技术,结合不同预处理和特征波长筛选方法,构建小麦专用粉的破损淀粉含量、降落数值、吸水率、稳定时间、拉伸面积、延伸度和最大拉伸阻力的偏最小二乘(Partial Least Squares,PLS)预测模型和总体预测模型,并对模型的预测...基于近红外光谱技术,结合不同预处理和特征波长筛选方法,构建小麦专用粉的破损淀粉含量、降落数值、吸水率、稳定时间、拉伸面积、延伸度和最大拉伸阻力的偏最小二乘(Partial Least Squares,PLS)预测模型和总体预测模型,并对模型的预测能力进行评估。结果表明:去线性趋势(Detrend,DT)是破损淀粉含量和吸水率预测模型的最佳预处理方法,Savitzky-Gloay(SG)卷积平滑是降落数值和拉伸面积预测模型的最佳预处理方法,标准正态变量变换(Standard Normal Variable Transformation,SNV)是延伸度和最大拉伸阻力预测模型的最佳预处理方法。竞争性自适应重加权法(Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling,CARS)可有效提高破损淀粉含量、降落数值、吸水率、拉伸面积和最大拉伸阻力预测模型的预测精度,预测决定系数分别为0.9641、0.7140、0.9755、0.9434和0.8283;连续投影算法(Successive Projections Algorithm,SPA)可有效提高稳定时间和延伸度预测模型的效果,预测决定系数分别为0.7135和0.9530。总体预测模型对稳定时间、拉伸面积和最大拉伸阻力的预测效果均有所提升,剩余预测偏差(Residual Predictive Deviation,RPD)分别从1.86、4.27和2.51提升到2.43、5.26和3.11。综上可知,近红外光谱技术对小麦专用粉品质特性的无损快速检测是有效的、可行的。展开更多
呕吐毒素(deoxynivalenol,DON)对人类和动物的健康以及食品经济构成了极大的威胁。该研究建立一种基于金纳米花(gold nanoflowers,AuNFs)的免疫层析试纸条(immunochromatographic test strip,ICTS)快速检测玉米中的呕吐毒素的方法。采...呕吐毒素(deoxynivalenol,DON)对人类和动物的健康以及食品经济构成了极大的威胁。该研究建立一种基于金纳米花(gold nanoflowers,AuNFs)的免疫层析试纸条(immunochromatographic test strip,ICTS)快速检测玉米中的呕吐毒素的方法。采用种子生长法制备了AuNFs,将其与抗DON单克隆抗体结合制备免疫层析试纸条中的金标探针,并对pH值、抗体量、上样缓冲液浓度、检测线(test-line,T线)浓度和金标探针量进行优化,最终用于玉米中的DON检测。经过优化实验条件,确定了最优pH值为7.5,最佳抗体添加量为1μL,最适上样缓冲液浓度为PBST+1%PVP K30,最好的T线质量浓度为0.1 mg/mL以及最佳探针量为3μL。在最优反应体系下,实验结果可以通过肉眼观察进行定性分析,该方法检出限为20μg/kg,灵敏度≥99%、假阳性率≤1%、假阴性率≤1%,且与现有标准方法检测结果一致,同时与其他真菌毒素无交叉反应。以AuNFs标记抗体为探针制备的ICTS灵敏度高,特异性强,可以实现玉米中DON的快速检测。展开更多
基金supported by the scientific and technological key project in Henan Province (No.212102210148)Open fund of Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control (No.KFJJ-2018-101)
文摘Wheat quality detection is essential to ensure the safety ofwheat circulation and storage.The traditional wheat quality detection methods mainly include artificial sensory evaluation and physicochemical index analysis,which are difficult to meet the requirements for high accuracy and efficiency in modern wheat quality detection due to the disadvantages of subjectivity,destruction of sample integrity and low efficiency.With the rapid development of optical technology,various optical-based methods,using near-infrared spectroscopy technology,hyperspectral imaging technology and terahertz,etc.,have been proposed for wheat quality detection.These methods have the characteristics of nondestructiveness and high efficiency which make them popular in wheat quality detection in recent years.In this paper,various state-of-the-art optical-based techniques of wheat quality detection are analyzed and summarized in detail.Firstly,the principle and process of common optical non-destructive detection methods for wheat quality are introduced.Then,the optical techniques used in these detection methods are divided into seven categories,and the comparison of these technologies and their advantages and disadvantages are further discussed.It shows that terahertz technology is regarded as the most promising wheat quality detection method compared with other optical detection technologies,because it can not only detect most types of wheat deterioration,but also has higher accuracy and efficiency.Finally,the research of optical technology in wheat quality detection is prospected.The future research of optical technology-based wheat quality detection mainly includes the construction of wheat quality optical detection standardization database,the fusion of multiple optical detection technologies and multiple quality index information,the improvement of the anti-interference of optical technology and the industrialization of optical inspection technology for wheat quality.These studies are of great significance to improve the detection technology of wheat and ensure the storage safety of wheat in the future.
基金This work was supported by the SINOPEC Research Project(No.121052-2).
文摘Although detergent additives for gasoline have been widely commercialized,their formulas are often kept confidential and there is still no standardized method for quickly detecting the main active ingredients and evaluating their effectiveness,which makes their regulation difficult.An overview of the current state of the development and application of detergent additives for gasoline in China and other regions,as well as a review of the rapid detection and performance evaluation methods available for analyzing detergent additives are given herein.The review focuses on the convenience,cost,efficiency,and feasibility of on-site detection and the evaluation of various methods,and also looks into future research directions,such as detecting and evaluating detergent additives in ethanol gasoline and with advanced engine technologies.
基金financially supported by the grants of the NSFC(32172295,21804028)the key R&D program of Anhui(201904d07020016)+5 种基金the Anhui Provincial NSF(1908085QC121)the Fundamental Research Fund for central university(JZ2019HGTB0068)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M652167)the Fund of State Key Lab of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics(Hunan University),the postdoc grant of Anhui(2020B412)Young and Middle-aged Leading Scientists,Engineers and Innovators of the XPCC(2019CB017)China Agriculture Research System-48(CARS-48).
文摘Rapid detection of target foodborne pathogens plays more and more significant roles in food safety,which requires the efficiency,sensitivity,and accuracy.In this research,we proposed a new st rategy of isothermal-molecular-amplification integrated with lateral-flow-strip for rapid detection of Salmonella without traditional enrichment-culture.Th e designed syringe-assisted-filtration can contribute to simultaneous collection and concentration of target bacterium from vegetable samples in just 3 min,resolving the drawbacks of traditional random sampling protocols.After simple and convenient ultrasonication,samples can be directly amplified at 39℃ in 25 min and the amplicons are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with the designed lateral-flow-strip in 5 min.Finally,satisfied results have been achieved within 40 min,which greatly improve the efficiency while the accuracy is also guaranteed.Furthermore,all detection steps can be completed under instrument-free conditions.This method will hold great promise for target pathogen detection in the resource-limited district,or for emergency on-site identification.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China Foundation(No.2020YFE0202001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11875163)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2021JJ20006).
文摘The muon radiography imaging technique for high-atomic-number objects(Z)and large-volume objects via muon transmission imaging and muon multiple scattering imaging remains a popular topic in the field of radiation detection imaging.However,few imaging studies have been reported on low and medium Z objects at the centimeter scale.This paper presents an imaging system that consists of three layers of a position-sensitive detector and four plastic scintillation detectors.It acquires data by coincidence detection technique of cosmic-ray muon and its secondary particles.A 3D imaging algorithm based on the density of the coinciding muon trajectory was developed,and 4D imaging that takes the atomic number dimension into account by considering the secondary particle ratio information was achieved.The resultant reconstructed 3D images could distinguish between a series of cubes with 5-mm-side lengths and 2-mm-intervals.If the imaging time is more than 20 days,this method can distinguish intervals with a width of 1 mm.The 4D images can specify target objects with low,medium,and high Z values.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42127807)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province of China(Project No.2023NSFSC0008)+1 种基金Uranium Geology Program of China Nuclear Geology(No.202205-6)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021JDTD0018)。
文摘Onlineγ-spectrometry systems for inland waters,most of which extract samples in situ and in real time,are able to produce reliable activity concentration measurements for waterborne radionuclides only when they are distributed relatively uniformly and enter into a steady-state diffusion regime in the measurement chamber.To protect residents’health and ensure the safety of the living environment,better timeliness is required for this measurement method.To address this issue,this study established a mathematical model of the online waterγ-spectrometry system so that rapid warning and activity estimates can be obtained for water under non-steady-state(NSS)conditions.In addition,the detection efficiency of the detector for radionuclides during the NSS diffusion process was determined by applying the computational fluid dynamics technique in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulations.On this basis,a method was developed that allowed the online waterγ-spectrometry system to provide rapid warning and activity concentration estimates for radionuclides in water.Subsequent analysis of the NSS-mode measurements of^(40)K radioactive solutions with different activity concentrations determined the optimum warning threshold and measurement time for producing accurate activity concentration estimates for radionuclides.The experimental results show that the proposed NSS measurement method is able to give warning and yield accurate activity concentration estimates for radionuclides 55.42 and 69.42 min after the entry of a 10 Bq/L^(40)K radioactive solution into the measurement chamber,respectively.These times are much shorter than the 90 min required by the conventional measurement method.Furthermore,the NSS measurement method allows the measurement system to give rapid(within approximately 15 min)warning when the activity concentrations of some radionuclides reach their respective limits stipulated in the Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality of the WHO,suggesting that this method considerably enhances the warning capacity of in situ online waterγ-spectrometry systems.
