We propose a method to determine the optimal power of the microwave resonance transition that simultaneously improves the signal-to-noise ratio and reduces line width based on saturation broadening theory and experime...We propose a method to determine the optimal power of the microwave resonance transition that simultaneously improves the signal-to-noise ratio and reduces line width based on saturation broadening theory and experiment. Saturation broadening spectra of the ground state hyperfine transition of trapped 199Hg＋ ions are measured and analyzed. The value of the optimal microwave power is obtained by using the proposed method and is verified. Rabi oscillations decay spectra of trapped 199Hg＋ ions are observed and the optimal microwave irradiation time for the maximum transition signal intensity is determined. This work will help to improve the short-term frequency stability of the mercury ion microwave frequency standard.展开更多
Postselected von Neumann measurement characterized by postselection and weak value has been found to possess potential applications in quantum metrology and solved plenty of fundamental problems in quantum theory. As ...Postselected von Neumann measurement characterized by postselection and weak value has been found to possess potential applications in quantum metrology and solved plenty of fundamental problems in quantum theory. As an application of this new measurement technique in quantum optics and quantum information processing, its effects on the features of single-mode radiation fields such as coherent state, squeezed vacuum state and Schrödinger cat sate are investigated by considering full-order effects of unitary evolution. The results show that the conditional probabilities of finding photons, second-order correlation functions, Qm-factors and squeezing effects of those states after the postselected measurement is significantly changed are comparable with the corresponding initial pointer states.展开更多
The neutron radiation field has vital applications in areas such as biomedicine,geology,radiation safety,and many others for neutron detection and neutron metrology.Correcting neutron fluence rate perturbation accurat...The neutron radiation field has vital applications in areas such as biomedicine,geology,radiation safety,and many others for neutron detection and neutron metrology.Correcting neutron fluence rate perturbation accurately is an important yet challenging problem.This study proposes a correction method that analyzes three physical processes.This method,which transforms the detection process from point detection to area detection,is based on a novel physical model and has been validated through theoretical analyses,experiments,and simulations.According to the average differences between the calculated and experimental results,the new method(1.67%)demonstrated better accuracy than the traditional simulation(2.17%).In a closed thermal neutron radiation field,the detector or strong neutron absorption material significantly perturbs the neutron fluence rate,whereas its impact on the energy spectrum shape and neutron directionality is relatively minor.Furthermore,based on the calculation results of the perturbation rate formula for medium materials with different compositions and sizes,the larger the volume and capture cross section of the medium,the higher the perturbation rate generated in the closed radiation field.展开更多
We consider the radiation from the beam electrons traveling in a strong uniform axial magnetic field and an axial alternating electric field of wavelength Aw generated by a voltage-supplied pill-box cavity. The beam e...We consider the radiation from the beam electrons traveling in a strong uniform axial magnetic field and an axial alternating electric field of wavelength Aw generated by a voltage-supplied pill-box cavity. The beam electrons emit genuine laser radiation that propagates only in the axial direction through free-electron two- quantum Stark radiation. We find that laser radiation takes place only at the expense of the axial kinetic energy when Aw 〈〈 c/（ωc/γ）, where ωc/γ is the relativistic electron--cyclotron frequency. We formulate the laser power based on quantum-wiggler electrodynamics, and envision a laser of length lore with estimated power 0.1 GW/（kA） in the 10-4 cm wavelength range.展开更多
The air breakdown in the high-power antenna near-field region limits the enhancement of the radiated power. A model coupling the field equivalent principle and the electron number density equation is presented to stud...The air breakdown in the high-power antenna near-field region limits the enhancement of the radiated power. A model coupling the field equivalent principle and the electron number density equation is presented to study the breakdown process in the near-field region of the circular aperture antenna at atmospheric pressure. Simulation results show that, although the electric field in the near-field region is nonuniform, the electron diffusion has small influence on the breakdown process when the initial electron number density is uniform in space. The field magnitude distribution on the aperture plays an important role in the maximum radiated power above which the air breakdown occurs. The maximum radiated power also depends on the phase difference of the fields at the center and edge of the aperture, especially for the uniform field magnitude distribution.展开更多
The interracial structure of hard and soft oxides grown by dry oxidation on<100> n-type silicon substrates is examined using high resolution mild X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after irradiati...The interracial structure of hard and soft oxides grown by dry oxidation on<100> n-type silicon substrates is examined using high resolution mild X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after irradiation. Substantial differences in silicon of silica state (B.E. 103.4 eV), silicon of transitional state (B.E. 101.5 eV), surplus oxygen (B.E. 529.6 eV) and negative two-valence oxygen (B.E. 531.4 eV) are observed between the two kinds of samples. The XPS spectra strongly depend on the conditions of irradiation for soft samples, but do not as remarkablely as soft samples for hard samples. The effects of irradiation doses on XPS are greater than that of irradiation bias fields. Some viewpoints of irradiation induced hole electron pair are proposed to explain the results.展开更多
The instability of terahertz（THz）plasma waves in two-dimensional（2D）quantum electron gas in a nanometer field effect transistor（FET）with asymmetrical boundary conditions has been investigated.We analyze THz plas...The instability of terahertz（THz）plasma waves in two-dimensional（2D）quantum electron gas in a nanometer field effect transistor（FET）with asymmetrical boundary conditions has been investigated.We analyze THz plasma waves of two parts of the 2D quantum electron gas：gated and ungated regions.The results show that the radiation frequency and the increment（radiation power）in 2D ungated quantum electron gas are much higher than that in 2D gated quantum electron gas.The quantum effects always enhance the radiation power and enlarge the region of instability in both cases.This allows us to conclude that 2D quantum electron gas in the transistor channel is important for the emission and detection process and both gated and ungated parts take part in that process.展开更多
Doping with Ga effectively enhances the crystal quality and optical detection efficiency of zinc oxide(Zn O)single crystals,which has attracted considerable research interest in radiation detection.The application of ...Doping with Ga effectively enhances the crystal quality and optical detection efficiency of zinc oxide(Zn O)single crystals,which has attracted considerable research interest in radiation detection.The application of Zn O:Ga(GZO)in nuclear energy is particularly significant and fascinating at the fundamental level,enabling neutron/gamma discrimination while preserving the response time properties of the single crystal in sub-nanoseconds,maximizing the effective counting rate of the pulsed radiation field.In this study,the single-particle waveform discrimination characteristics of GZO were evaluated for five charged particles(α,β,H^(+),Li^(+),and O^(8+)and two prevalent uncharged particles(neutrons and gamma rays).Based on the timecorrelation single-photon counting(TCSPC)method,the luminescence decay time constants of the charged particles in the GZO crystal were determined as follows:1.21 ns for H^(+),1.50 ns for Li^(+),1.70 ns for O^(8+),1.56 ns forαparticles,and 1.09 ns forβparticles.Visible differences in the excitation time spectra curves were observed.Using the conventional time-domain or frequency-domain waveform discrimination techniques,waveform discrimination of 14.9 Me V neutrons and secondary gamma rays generated by the CPNG-6 device based on GZO scintillation was successfully implemented.The neutron signal constituted 77.93%of the total,indicating that GZO exhibited superior neutron/gamma discrimination sensitivity compared with that of a commercial stilbene crystal.Using the neutron/gamma screening outcomes,we reconstructed the voltage pulse height,charge height,and neutron multiplication time spectra of the pulsed neutron radiation field.The reconstructed neutron multiplication time spectrum exhibited a deviation of less than 3%relative to the result obtained using a commercial stilbene scintillator.This is the first report in the open literature on the neutron/gamma discrimination and reconstruction of Zn O pulsed radiation-field information.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11074282 and 11474320
文摘We propose a method to determine the optimal power of the microwave resonance transition that simultaneously improves the signal-to-noise ratio and reduces line width based on saturation broadening theory and experiment. Saturation broadening spectra of the ground state hyperfine transition of trapped 199Hg＋ ions are measured and analyzed. The value of the optimal microwave power is obtained by using the proposed method and is verified. Rabi oscillations decay spectra of trapped 199Hg＋ ions are observed and the optimal microwave irradiation time for the maximum transition signal intensity is determined. This work will help to improve the short-term frequency stability of the mercury ion microwave frequency standard.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11865017)the Introduction Program of High-Level Talents of Xinjiang Ministry of Science,China.
文摘Postselected von Neumann measurement characterized by postselection and weak value has been found to possess potential applications in quantum metrology and solved plenty of fundamental problems in quantum theory. As an application of this new measurement technique in quantum optics and quantum information processing, its effects on the features of single-mode radiation fields such as coherent state, squeezed vacuum state and Schrödinger cat sate are investigated by considering full-order effects of unitary evolution. The results show that the conditional probabilities of finding photons, second-order correlation functions, Qm-factors and squeezing effects of those states after the postselected measurement is significantly changed are comparable with the corresponding initial pointer states.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds of the National Institute of MetrologyChina(No.AKYZZ2113)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFF0206205)the Team Building Program of Nanjing University(No.1480604114)。
文摘The neutron radiation field has vital applications in areas such as biomedicine,geology,radiation safety,and many others for neutron detection and neutron metrology.Correcting neutron fluence rate perturbation accurately is an important yet challenging problem.This study proposes a correction method that analyzes three physical processes.This method,which transforms the detection process from point detection to area detection,is based on a novel physical model and has been validated through theoretical analyses,experiments,and simulations.According to the average differences between the calculated and experimental results,the new method(1.67%)demonstrated better accuracy than the traditional simulation(2.17%).In a closed thermal neutron radiation field,the detector or strong neutron absorption material significantly perturbs the neutron fluence rate,whereas its impact on the energy spectrum shape and neutron directionality is relatively minor.Furthermore,based on the calculation results of the perturbation rate formula for medium materials with different compositions and sizes,the larger the volume and capture cross section of the medium,the higher the perturbation rate generated in the closed radiation field.
文摘We consider the radiation from the beam electrons traveling in a strong uniform axial magnetic field and an axial alternating electric field of wavelength Aw generated by a voltage-supplied pill-box cavity. The beam electrons emit genuine laser radiation that propagates only in the axial direction through free-electron two- quantum Stark radiation. We find that laser radiation takes place only at the expense of the axial kinetic energy when Aw 〈〈 c/（ωc/γ）, where ωc/γ is the relativistic electron--cyclotron frequency. We formulate the laser power based on quantum-wiggler electrodynamics, and envision a laser of length lore with estimated power 0.1 GW/（kA） in the 10-4 cm wavelength range.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61501358,11622542,61431010,and 61627901)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘The air breakdown in the high-power antenna near-field region limits the enhancement of the radiated power. A model coupling the field equivalent principle and the electron number density equation is presented to study the breakdown process in the near-field region of the circular aperture antenna at atmospheric pressure. Simulation results show that, although the electric field in the near-field region is nonuniform, the electron diffusion has small influence on the breakdown process when the initial electron number density is uniform in space. The field magnitude distribution on the aperture plays an important role in the maximum radiated power above which the air breakdown occurs. The maximum radiated power also depends on the phase difference of the fields at the center and edge of the aperture, especially for the uniform field magnitude distribution.
基金This work was supported by Beijing Zhongguancun Associated Center of Analysis and Measurement
文摘The interracial structure of hard and soft oxides grown by dry oxidation on<100> n-type silicon substrates is examined using high resolution mild X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after irradiation. Substantial differences in silicon of silica state (B.E. 103.4 eV), silicon of transitional state (B.E. 101.5 eV), surplus oxygen (B.E. 529.6 eV) and negative two-valence oxygen (B.E. 531.4 eV) are observed between the two kinds of samples. The XPS spectra strongly depend on the conditions of irradiation for soft samples, but do not as remarkablely as soft samples for hard samples. The effects of irradiation doses on XPS are greater than that of irradiation bias fields. Some viewpoints of irradiation induced hole electron pair are proposed to explain the results.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10975114)
文摘The instability of terahertz（THz）plasma waves in two-dimensional（2D）quantum electron gas in a nanometer field effect transistor（FET）with asymmetrical boundary conditions has been investigated.We analyze THz plasma waves of two parts of the 2D quantum electron gas：gated and ungated regions.The results show that the radiation frequency and the increment（radiation power）in 2D ungated quantum electron gas are much higher than that in 2D gated quantum electron gas.The quantum effects always enhance the radiation power and enlarge the region of instability in both cases.This allows us to conclude that 2D quantum electron gas in the transistor channel is important for the emission and detection process and both gated and ungated parts take part in that process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12205370,62204198,12305205,and 12105230)Young Talents Promotion Program of Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Association(No.20220514)。
文摘Doping with Ga effectively enhances the crystal quality and optical detection efficiency of zinc oxide(Zn O)single crystals,which has attracted considerable research interest in radiation detection.The application of Zn O:Ga(GZO)in nuclear energy is particularly significant and fascinating at the fundamental level,enabling neutron/gamma discrimination while preserving the response time properties of the single crystal in sub-nanoseconds,maximizing the effective counting rate of the pulsed radiation field.In this study,the single-particle waveform discrimination characteristics of GZO were evaluated for five charged particles(α,β,H^(+),Li^(+),and O^(8+)and two prevalent uncharged particles(neutrons and gamma rays).Based on the timecorrelation single-photon counting(TCSPC)method,the luminescence decay time constants of the charged particles in the GZO crystal were determined as follows:1.21 ns for H^(+),1.50 ns for Li^(+),1.70 ns for O^(8+),1.56 ns forαparticles,and 1.09 ns forβparticles.Visible differences in the excitation time spectra curves were observed.Using the conventional time-domain or frequency-domain waveform discrimination techniques,waveform discrimination of 14.9 Me V neutrons and secondary gamma rays generated by the CPNG-6 device based on GZO scintillation was successfully implemented.The neutron signal constituted 77.93%of the total,indicating that GZO exhibited superior neutron/gamma discrimination sensitivity compared with that of a commercial stilbene crystal.Using the neutron/gamma screening outcomes,we reconstructed the voltage pulse height,charge height,and neutron multiplication time spectra of the pulsed neutron radiation field.The reconstructed neutron multiplication time spectrum exhibited a deviation of less than 3%relative to the result obtained using a commercial stilbene scintillator.This is the first report in the open literature on the neutron/gamma discrimination and reconstruction of Zn O pulsed radiation-field information.
