When surface potential of the particles,ψ ,is high,sinh y can be approximated by≈ ey/2 in the nonlinear Poisson Boltzmann equation.Thus,we present a simple method of calculating the interaction force and energy per ...When surface potential of the particles,ψ ,is high,sinh y can be approximated by≈ ey/2 in the nonlinear Poisson Boltzmann equation.Thus,we present a simple method of calculating the interaction force and energy per unit area between two dissimilar plates with high potentials at constant surface potential.These formulae could be applicable to the case of repulsive case,in which the derivative of y must vanish at an interior point,and a minimum ymin=u always exists.A turning point at～κ h≈ 2(π－ 1)e－ y1/2 for the repulsion or attraction between dissimilar planar surfaces.These formulae are divergent atκ h∞ ,and zero point atκ h≈ 2π .This means that they can only be used atκ h < 2π and accurate location is atκ h≤ 4. Agreement of the approximation for force,Eq.（ 13） ,is good with the exact numerical values of the interaction of dissimilar plates given by Devereux [6] for high surface potentials.For y1≥ 5κ h≤ 3.0 the relative errors of Eq.(13) are less than 5％ ,and forκ h≤ 3.5 relative errors are less than 10％ .For the interaction energy,Eq.(15),the applicable range extends toκ h=4.0.Beyond this range the error increases rapidly.The higher surface potential is the better the precision of Eq.（ 13） and Eq.( 15).The condition of the strong interaction has been satisfied.展开更多
乙醇发酵生产过程中,针对蒸汽爆破预处理能源草提出高底物同步糖化发酵策略。当底物浓度为20%(质量分数)时,经批式补料乙醇发酵最终4种能源草本植物的最终乙醇产量分别达到15、13、16、15 g/L。随后的甲烷潜力测试结果表明:汽爆冰草与...乙醇发酵生产过程中,针对蒸汽爆破预处理能源草提出高底物同步糖化发酵策略。当底物浓度为20%(质量分数)时,经批式补料乙醇发酵最终4种能源草本植物的最终乙醇产量分别达到15、13、16、15 g/L。随后的甲烷潜力测试结果表明:汽爆冰草与汽爆披碱草有较好的产甲烷能力,其甲烷产量分别达到562.4 m L和546.7 m L,相对应的甲烷产率为360.05 m L/g VS和382.04 m L/g VS。综合实验结果分析,相比于其他3种能源草本植物,冰草具有较高的全组分利用率及清洁能源产量。展开更多
文摘When surface potential of the particles,ψ ,is high,sinh y can be approximated by≈ ey/2 in the nonlinear Poisson Boltzmann equation.Thus,we present a simple method of calculating the interaction force and energy per unit area between two dissimilar plates with high potentials at constant surface potential.These formulae could be applicable to the case of repulsive case,in which the derivative of y must vanish at an interior point,and a minimum ymin=u always exists.A turning point at～κ h≈ 2(π－ 1)e－ y1/2 for the repulsion or attraction between dissimilar planar surfaces.These formulae are divergent atκ h∞ ,and zero point atκ h≈ 2π .This means that they can only be used atκ h < 2π and accurate location is atκ h≤ 4. Agreement of the approximation for force,Eq.（ 13） ,is good with the exact numerical values of the interaction of dissimilar plates given by Devereux [6] for high surface potentials.For y1≥ 5κ h≤ 3.0 the relative errors of Eq.(13) are less than 5％ ,and forκ h≤ 3.5 relative errors are less than 10％ .For the interaction energy,Eq.(15),the applicable range extends toκ h=4.0.Beyond this range the error increases rapidly.The higher surface potential is the better the precision of Eq.（ 13） and Eq.( 15).The condition of the strong interaction has been satisfied.
文摘乙醇发酵生产过程中,针对蒸汽爆破预处理能源草提出高底物同步糖化发酵策略。当底物浓度为20%(质量分数)时,经批式补料乙醇发酵最终4种能源草本植物的最终乙醇产量分别达到15、13、16、15 g/L。随后的甲烷潜力测试结果表明:汽爆冰草与汽爆披碱草有较好的产甲烷能力,其甲烷产量分别达到562.4 m L和546.7 m L,相对应的甲烷产率为360.05 m L/g VS和382.04 m L/g VS。综合实验结果分析,相比于其他3种能源草本植物,冰草具有较高的全组分利用率及清洁能源产量。
