Stability condition and quality evaluation formula of layerlike backfilling roof,Q≥C,where Q denotes is quality index depending on allowable compressive or tensile strength and integrity of backfilling,and C is the t...Stability condition and quality evaluation formula of layerlike backfilling roof,Q≥C,where Q denotes is quality index depending on allowable compressive or tensile strength and integrity of backfilling,and C is the technical index depending on mining method and backfilling technology,were inferred according to simply supported beam theorem.Technical treatment measures for instable backfilling roof,including optimum of appropriate filling materials and dosage for excellent flow property and reduction of backfill cost.It is proved that slope equation of backfill slurry in a stope to be filled is y=hexp[x2/(2σ)2)],where h is height of cone and σ2 is mean square,and that optimum drainage point of backfill slurry can be determined by the equation and sizes of stope.Case study indicates that the results can give a theoretical support for quality evaluation and control of layerlike backfilling.展开更多
To develop a better approach for spatial evaluation of drinking water quality, an intelligent evaluation method integrating a geographical information system(GIS) and an ant colony clustering algorithm(ACCA) was used....To develop a better approach for spatial evaluation of drinking water quality, an intelligent evaluation method integrating a geographical information system(GIS) and an ant colony clustering algorithm(ACCA) was used. Drinking water samples from 29 wells in Zhenping County, China, were collected and analyzed. 35 parameters on water quality were selected, such as chloride concentration, sulphate concentration, total hardness, nitrate concentration, fluoride concentration, turbidity, pH, chromium concentration, COD, bacterium amount, total coliforms and color. The best spatial interpolation methods for the 35 parameters were found and selected from all types of interpolation methods in GIS environment according to the minimum cross-validation errors. The ACCA was improved through three strategies, namely mixed distance function, average similitude degree and probability conversion functions. Then, the ACCA was carried out to obtain different water quality grades in the GIS environment. In the end, the result from the ACCA was compared with those from the competitive Hopfield neural network(CHNN) to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the ACCA according to three evaluation indexes, which are stochastic sampling method, pixel amount and convergence speed. It is shown that the spatial water quality grades obtained from the ACCA were more effective, accurate and intelligent than those obtained from the CHNN.展开更多
Projection Pursuit (PP) model is a technique of falling high dimension. Real coding based on Accelerating Genetic Algorithm (RAGA) is a method of optimum. Through combining the PP model and RAGA, the paper applies the...Projection Pursuit (PP) model is a technique of falling high dimension. Real coding based on Accelerating Genetic Algorithm (RAGA) is a method of optimum. Through combining the PP model and RAGA, the paper applies the model in the water environment quality evaluation. The writer takes the water quality evaluated indexes of each sample as projection direction and turns high dimension data into low dimension projection value. Thus, the writer achieves on evaluating the grade of water samples and its optimum order. Based on this, the writer overcomes the jamming of weights calculated on fuzzy synthesize judge and gray system valuation. The paper can provide a new thought for water environment quality evaluation and other falling high dimension and optimum issue.展开更多
This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standar...This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
People had higher requisition for meat quality with the increasing of living level and the conversion of consume conception. As one of the late evaluating methods for meat quality, sensory evaluation had both advantag...People had higher requisition for meat quality with the increasing of living level and the conversion of consume conception. As one of the late evaluating methods for meat quality, sensory evaluation had both advantages and disadvantages. In this article the theory, the methods and application of sensory evaluation in meat quality were introduced, and the developing trend in future was advised.展开更多
Based on the works of Greve and Rahmat-Samii, theelectromagnetic （EM） performance of the reflector antenna withnon-uniform surface errors along radius is further addressed. Amathematical model is developed to descri...Based on the works of Greve and Rahmat-Samii, theelectromagnetic （EM） performance of the reflector antenna withnon-uniform surface errors along radius is further addressed. Amathematical model is developed to describe the weighting functionfor the non-uniform surface errors along radius. Then, somediscussions on the peak gain loss （PGL） and the first sidelobelevel increase （SLLI） caused by the non-uniform surface errors arepresented and several significant radiation characteristics of thereflector with non-uniform errors are pointed out. Last, based onthe proposed model, the weighted root mean square （RMS） valueof the surface errors is produced to evaluate the EM performanceand several representative cases with different non-uniform errorsare presented with good results. Results show that the weightedRMS value should be taken into account for a better quality evaluationof the reflector surface.展开更多
The w ater quality monitoring operation to evaluate the w ater quality of polluted river is an extremely im po rtant task fo r the river-w atershed m anagem ent/co ntro l based o n the enviro nm ental po licy.In this ...The w ater quality monitoring operation to evaluate the w ater quality of polluted river is an extremely im po rtant task fo r the river-w atershed m anagem ent/co ntro l based o n the enviro nm ental po licy.In this study,the no vel,sim ple and co nvenient w ater quality m o nito ring o f Jialing-River in Cho ngqing,China w as carried o ut using an advanced io n chro m ato graphy(IC) co nsisting o f io n-ex clusio n/catio n-ex change chro m ato graphy(IEC/CEC) with conductivity detection for determining simultaneously the common anions such as SO 2 4,Cl,and NO 3 and the catio ns such as Na +,NH + 4,K +,Mg 2 +,and Ca 2 +,the ion-exclusion chromatography(IEC) w ith visible detectio n fo r determ ining sim ultaneo usly the nutrient co m po nents such as pho sphate and silicate io ns,and the IEC w ith the enhanced co nductivity detectio n using a po st co lum n o f K +-fo rm catio n-ex change resin fo r determ ining HCO 3-alkalinity as an ino rganic-carbo n so urce fo r bio m ass synthesis in bio lo gical reactio n pro cess under the aero bic co nditio ns.Acco rding to the io nic balance theo ry betw een the to tal equivalent co ncentratio ns o f anio ns and catio ns,the w ater quality evaluatio n o f the Jialing-River w aters taking at different sam pling sites in Cho ngqing m etro po litan area w as carried o ut using the advanced IC system.As a result,the effectiveness o f this no vel w ater quality m o nito ring m etho do lo gy using the IC system w as dem o nstrated o n the several practical applicatio ns to a typical bio lo gical sew age treatm ent plant o n Jialing-River o f Cho ngqing.展开更多
基金Project(50490270) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Stability condition and quality evaluation formula of layerlike backfilling roof,Q≥C,where Q denotes is quality index depending on allowable compressive or tensile strength and integrity of backfilling,and C is the technical index depending on mining method and backfilling technology,were inferred according to simply supported beam theorem.Technical treatment measures for instable backfilling roof,including optimum of appropriate filling materials and dosage for excellent flow property and reduction of backfill cost.It is proved that slope equation of backfill slurry in a stope to be filled is y=hexp[x2/(2σ)2)],where h is height of cone and σ2 is mean square,and that optimum drainage point of backfill slurry can be determined by the equation and sizes of stope.Case study indicates that the results can give a theoretical support for quality evaluation and control of layerlike backfilling.
基金Projects(41161020,41261026) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BQD2012013) supported by the Research starting Funds for Imported Talents,Ningxia University,China+1 种基金Project(ZR1209) supported by the Natural Science Funds,Ningxia University,ChinaProject(NGY2013005) supported by the Key Science Project of Colleges and Universities in Ningxia,China
文摘To develop a better approach for spatial evaluation of drinking water quality, an intelligent evaluation method integrating a geographical information system(GIS) and an ant colony clustering algorithm(ACCA) was used. Drinking water samples from 29 wells in Zhenping County, China, were collected and analyzed. 35 parameters on water quality were selected, such as chloride concentration, sulphate concentration, total hardness, nitrate concentration, fluoride concentration, turbidity, pH, chromium concentration, COD, bacterium amount, total coliforms and color. The best spatial interpolation methods for the 35 parameters were found and selected from all types of interpolation methods in GIS environment according to the minimum cross-validation errors. The ACCA was improved through three strategies, namely mixed distance function, average similitude degree and probability conversion functions. Then, the ACCA was carried out to obtain different water quality grades in the GIS environment. In the end, the result from the ACCA was compared with those from the competitive Hopfield neural network(CHNN) to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the ACCA according to three evaluation indexes, which are stochastic sampling method, pixel amount and convergence speed. It is shown that the spatial water quality grades obtained from the ACCA were more effective, accurate and intelligent than those obtained from the CHNN.
文摘Projection Pursuit (PP) model is a technique of falling high dimension. Real coding based on Accelerating Genetic Algorithm (RAGA) is a method of optimum. Through combining the PP model and RAGA, the paper applies the model in the water environment quality evaluation. The writer takes the water quality evaluated indexes of each sample as projection direction and turns high dimension data into low dimension projection value. Thus, the writer achieves on evaluating the grade of water samples and its optimum order. Based on this, the writer overcomes the jamming of weights calculated on fuzzy synthesize judge and gray system valuation. The paper can provide a new thought for water environment quality evaluation and other falling high dimension and optimum issue.
文摘This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
文摘People had higher requisition for meat quality with the increasing of living level and the conversion of consume conception. As one of the late evaluating methods for meat quality, sensory evaluation had both advantages and disadvantages. In this article the theory, the methods and application of sensory evaluation in meat quality were introduced, and the developing trend in future was advised.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2015CB857100)the Foundation for Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2014KL012)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(514906605147534951522507)
文摘Based on the works of Greve and Rahmat-Samii, theelectromagnetic （EM） performance of the reflector antenna withnon-uniform surface errors along radius is further addressed. Amathematical model is developed to describe the weighting functionfor the non-uniform surface errors along radius. Then, somediscussions on the peak gain loss （PGL） and the first sidelobelevel increase （SLLI） caused by the non-uniform surface errors arepresented and several significant radiation characteristics of thereflector with non-uniform errors are pointed out. Last, based onthe proposed model, the weighted root mean square （RMS） valueof the surface errors is produced to evaluate the EM performanceand several representative cases with different non-uniform errorsare presented with good results. Results show that the weightedRMS value should be taken into account for a better quality evaluationof the reflector surface.
文摘The w ater quality monitoring operation to evaluate the w ater quality of polluted river is an extremely im po rtant task fo r the river-w atershed m anagem ent/co ntro l based o n the enviro nm ental po licy.In this study,the no vel,sim ple and co nvenient w ater quality m o nito ring o f Jialing-River in Cho ngqing,China w as carried o ut using an advanced io n chro m ato graphy(IC) co nsisting o f io n-ex clusio n/catio n-ex change chro m ato graphy(IEC/CEC) with conductivity detection for determining simultaneously the common anions such as SO 2 4,Cl,and NO 3 and the catio ns such as Na +,NH + 4,K +,Mg 2 +,and Ca 2 +,the ion-exclusion chromatography(IEC) w ith visible detectio n fo r determ ining sim ultaneo usly the nutrient co m po nents such as pho sphate and silicate io ns,and the IEC w ith the enhanced co nductivity detectio n using a po st co lum n o f K +-fo rm catio n-ex change resin fo r determ ining HCO 3-alkalinity as an ino rganic-carbo n so urce fo r bio m ass synthesis in bio lo gical reactio n pro cess under the aero bic co nditio ns.Acco rding to the io nic balance theo ry betw een the to tal equivalent co ncentratio ns o f anio ns and catio ns,the w ater quality evaluatio n o f the Jialing-River w aters taking at different sam pling sites in Cho ngqing m etro po litan area w as carried o ut using the advanced IC system.As a result,the effectiveness o f this no vel w ater quality m o nito ring m etho do lo gy using the IC system w as dem o nstrated o n the several practical applicatio ns to a typical bio lo gical sew age treatm ent plant o n Jialing-River o f Cho ngqing.
