This study investigated the effects of superheated steam(SS)treatment at different temperatures(120℃,150℃,180℃)on the physicochemical properties of broken rice flour and the quality of broken rice cakes.SS treatmen...This study investigated the effects of superheated steam(SS)treatment at different temperatures(120℃,150℃,180℃)on the physicochemical properties of broken rice flour and the quality of broken rice cakes.SS treatment at 120℃ significantly enhanced the moisture content of broken rice flour(P<0.05).In contrast,treatments at 150℃ and 180℃ caused decrease of moisture content,amylose leaching,and reduction of damaged starch content.After SS treatment,the pasting properties of broken rice flour increased,along with the rising of storage modulus and loss modulus.The proportion of short chains(DP 6-12)in amylopectin increased from 29.42%to 34.80%(P<0.05),which could delay starch retrogradation.Compared with untreated ones,the SS-150 broken rice cakes showed a significantly higher specific volume(2.96 mL/g,P<0.05),more uniform cell structure,and lower hardness(1.66 N)and chewiness(10.22 mJ).After 7 days of storage,cakes from SS-treated rice flour(150℃ and 180℃)had significantly reduced hardness and chewiness.The study demonstrated that SS treatment could improve the properties of broken rice flour and enhance the quality of broken rice cakes,especially at 150℃ and 180℃.This study presents a method for improving the quality of broken rice flour and rice cakes using superheated steam treatment,addressing challenges related to poor flour characteristics and suboptimal cake quality.The findings offer technical and theoretical support for enhancing rice cake production,contributing to the comprehensive utilization of rice resources.展开更多
Oil blending is the method of choice used worldwide to improve oxidative stability and nutritional value.There is no such edible oil/fat that meets all the recommendations from the health point of view.The fatty acid ...Oil blending is the method of choice used worldwide to improve oxidative stability and nutritional value.There is no such edible oil/fat that meets all the recommendations from the health point of view.The fatty acid composition of vegetable oils decides the fate of the oil.Pure single oil is unable to provide a balanced amount of fatty acids(FAs)required/recommended on a daily intake basis.Blending oils/fats is an appropriate procedure of physically mixing multiple oils in suitable proportions which may provide functional lipids with improved antioxidant potential and desirable physical and chemical properties.This review piled up the accessible data on the blending of diverse oils/fats in the combination of binary,ternary,quaternary,or other types of oils into a single blended oil.Blending can be found very convincing towards appropriate FA profile,enhancement in physicochemical characteristics,and augmented stability for the period of storage or when used as cooking/frying processes which could ultimately serve as an effectual dietary intervention towards the health protectiveness.展开更多
The di-aromatics base oil and graphite powder,blended with the viscosity index improver,and the anti-oxidant and rheological additive,were used to prepare a kind of anti-seize thread lubricant.Its physical chemistry p...The di-aromatics base oil and graphite powder,blended with the viscosity index improver,and the anti-oxidant and rheological additive,were used to prepare a kind of anti-seize thread lubricant.Its physical chemistry properties,such as water resistance,thermal oxidation and aging properties,and tribological performance,were evaluated and compared with those of some commercial products.The results show that the overall performance of the anti-seize thread lubricant could meet the level of some commercial products,while its some properties such as thermal stability,anti-wear and anti-friction properties were better.The said anti-seize thread lubricant is more suitable for use under high temperature conditions.展开更多
The intercropping system of tree with soybean in juvenile plantations, as a short-term practice, was applied at Lao Shan Experimental Station in Mao＇er Shan Forest of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. The...The intercropping system of tree with soybean in juvenile plantations, as a short-term practice, was applied at Lao Shan Experimental Station in Mao＇er Shan Forest of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. The larch （Larix gmelinii）lsoybean （Glycine max.） and ash （Fraxinus mandshurica） intercropping systems were studied in the field to assess the effects of the intercropping on soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that soil physical properties were improved after soybean intercropping with larch and ash in one growing season. The soil bulk density in larch/soybean and ash/soybean systems was 1.112 g·cm^-3 and 1.058 g·cm^ 3, respectively, which was lower than that in the pure larch or ash plantation without intercropping. The total soil porosity also increased after intercropping. The organic matter amount in larch/soybean system was 1.77 times higher than that in the pure larch plantation, and it was 1.09 times higher in ash/soybean system than that in the pure ash plantation. Contents of total nitrogen and hydrolyzable nitrogen in larch/soybean system were 4.2% and 53.0% higher than those in the pure larch stand. Total nitrogen and hydrolyzable nitrogen contents in ash/soybean system were 75.5% and 3.3% higher than those in the pure ash plantation. Total phosphorus content decreased after intercropping, while change of available phosphorus showed an increasing trend. Total potassium and available potassium contents in the larch/soybean system were 0.6% and 17.5% higher than those in the pure larch stand. Total potassium and available potassium contents in the ash/soybean system were 56.4% and 21.8% higher than those in the oure ash plantation.展开更多
Soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties are considered the two most influencing factors for maintaining plant diversity.However,the operational mechanisms and which factor is the most influential manipulato...Soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties are considered the two most influencing factors for maintaining plant diversity.However,the operational mechanisms and which factor is the most influential manipulator remain poorly understood.In this study,we examine the collaborative influences of soil physicochemical properties(i.e.,soil water,soil organic matter(SOM),salinity,total phosphorus and nitrogen,pH,soil bulk density and fine root biomass)and soil microorganisms(fungi and bacteria)on plant diversity across two types of tree patches dominated by big and small trees(big trees:height≥7 m and DBH≥60 cm;small trees:height≤4.5 m and DBH≤20 cm)in an arid desert region.Tree patch is consists of a single tree or group of trees and their accompanying shrubs and herbs.It was hypothesized that soil physicochemical properties and microorganisms affect plant diversity but their influence differ.The results show that plant and soil microbial diversity increased with increasing distances from big trees.SOM,salinity,fine root biomass,soil water,total phosphorus and total nitrogen contents decreased with increasing distance from big trees,while pH and soil bulk density did not change.Plant and soil microbial diversity were higher in areas close to big trees compared with small trees,whereas soil physicochemical properties were opposite.The average contribution of soil physicochemical properties(12.2%-13.5%)to plant diversity was higher than microbial diversity(4.8%-6.7%).Salinity had the largest negative affect on plant diversity(24.7%-27.4%).This study suggests that soil fungi constrain plant diversity while bacteria improve it in tree patches.Soil physicochemical properties are the most important factor modulating plant diversity in arid desert tree patches.展开更多
A novel micro-micro/mesoporous aluminosilicate ZSM-5-Y/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve with a MCM-41 type structure was synthesized through a novel process of the self-assembly of CTAB surfactant micellae with silica...A novel micro-micro/mesoporous aluminosilicate ZSM-5-Y/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve with a MCM-41 type structure was synthesized through a novel process of the self-assembly of CTAB surfactant micellae with silica-alumina source originated from alkaline treatment of ZSM-5 zeolite. The physical properties of the ZSM-5- Y/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve were characterized by XRD, Py-FTIR and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. Different kinds of molecular sieves including ZSM-5, Y zeolite, AI-MCM-41, ZSM-5/MCM-41 and ZSM-5-Y/MCM- 41 as cracking catalysts were investigated, using 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene （1,3,5-TIPB） as the probe molecule. Catalytic tests showed that the ZSM-5-Y/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve exhibited higher catalytic activity compared with the microporous ZSM-5 zeolite, Y zeolite, mesoporous A1-MCM-41 molecular sieve and ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve under the same conditions. The remarkable catalytic activity was mainly attributed to the presence of the hierarchical pore structure and proper acidity in the ZSM-5-Y/MCM-41 composite catalyst. Meanwhile, a carbcnium ion mechanism was put forward for the cracking of 1,3,5-TIPB.展开更多
The physicochemical properties of plasma-activated water(PAW)generated under different process conditions were investigated,and their changes under different storage conditions were also studied.The results showed tha...The physicochemical properties of plasma-activated water(PAW)generated under different process conditions were investigated,and their changes under different storage conditions were also studied.The results showed that increasing the processing time and power,and decreasing generated water volume,could cause an increase in the redox potential,conductivity,and temperature of PAW,and a decrease in its pH.A slower dissipation of the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in PAW was found on storage at 4℃in a sealed conical flask than on storage at room temperature.The inactivation ability of plasma-activated lactic acid(LA)to Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)was higher than that of PAW or LA alone under the same experimental conditions.The results of this study may provide theoretical information for the application of PAW as a potential antimicrobial agent in the future.展开更多
In this study, the physicochemical properties, fatty acid profiles, and tocopherol compositions of Pinus koraiensis L.nut oils were evaluated, and the impact of different extraction technologies on the overall quality...In this study, the physicochemical properties, fatty acid profiles, and tocopherol compositions of Pinus koraiensis L.nut oils were evaluated, and the impact of different extraction technologies on the overall quality of pine nut oil was assessed. All the pine nut oils had pleasant and characteristic odor and flavor of the pine nuts and the flavor of the oil from hot-pressing was strongest. The oils obtained by hexane extraction and sub-critical extraction had less deterioration, indicating hexane extraction and sub-critical extraction preserve the oil quality well. Gas chromatography showed that the predominant fatty acid was linoleic acid(45.36%–45.91%), followed by oleic acid(26.91%–27.10%), and pinolenic acid(13.33%–13.63%), respectively. The oils from hexane extraction of cold-pressed cake and sub-critical extraction were richer in tocopherols and tocotrienols, namely, 37.52 and 36.18 mg/100 g, respectively, with α-tocopherol most abundant. The pine nut oils from hexane extraction of cold-pressed cake,hexane extraction, cold pressing, and sub-critical extraction had better oxidation stability with the oxidation induction times of 6.91, 5.27, 4.96 and 4.93 h, respectively. Based on its features, P. koraiensis nut oil may have the multiple application in edible oil, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industry. P. koraiensis can be one of the good woody candidates for closing the gap between the demand and production of vegetable oils.展开更多
The pulsed corona discharge(CD)generated in contact with water and directly in water,and high-power air plasma jet(APJ)were studied for production of plasma activated water(PAW).The changes of physical(pH,redox potent...The pulsed corona discharge(CD)generated in contact with water and directly in water,and high-power air plasma jet(APJ)were studied for production of plasma activated water(PAW).The changes of physical(pH,redox potential,conductivity,temperature)and chemical(peroxides,nitrites,nitrates concentrations)properties of treated water were investigated.The comparison of CD generated in gas/water interface and underwater configuration in the same system showed that the interaction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formed in ambient air in gas/water system induces different chemical processes,leading to lower pH,higher oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)and higher conductivity of PAW than in underwater discharge.High yield of peroxide was observed in both configurations.The PAW prepared by APJ exhibits high concentration of nitrites and nitrates according to supplied energy,and related significant decrease of pH and increase of ORP and conductivity after treatment.The antimicrobial effect of PAW prepared by CD and plasma jet on lentils sprouts was studied in different treatment and washing times.The APJ appears to have great efficacy on water activation resulted in strong decontamination effect.The PAW treated by APJ for 10 min led to bacterial reduction from initial 8.3 to 5.9 and 4.0 log10 CFU g^(-1)after 10 and 30 min of washing,respectively.展开更多
Soil sample plots were specified and the soil in layer A0, A1 and AB were collected in Maoershan-Forest Experiment Farm of Northeast Forestry University for study of the effect of corylus clusters on soil in 1999. The...Soil sample plots were specified and the soil in layer A0, A1 and AB were collected in Maoershan-Forest Experiment Farm of Northeast Forestry University for study of the effect of corylus clusters on soil in 1999. The result shows that the pH value, contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-discomposed nitrogen and total phosphorus under the corylus clusters are higher than that under the non-corylus clusters, except the available phosphorus content. The number of soil granular aggregates or the water stable aggregates under corylus clusters is more than that under the non-corylus clusters. The corylus clusters play an important role in improving the physicochemical properties of the soil, which should be conserved and developed in the forestry production.展开更多
As a key material for lithium metal batteries(LMBs),lithium metal is one of the most promising anode materials to break the bottleneck of battery energy density and a commonly used active material for reference electr...As a key material for lithium metal batteries(LMBs),lithium metal is one of the most promising anode materials to break the bottleneck of battery energy density and a commonly used active material for reference electrodes.Although lithium anodes are regarded as the holy grail of lithium batteries,decades of exploration have not led to the successful commercialization of LMBs,due mainly to the challenges related to the inherent properties of lithium metal.To pave the way for further investigation,herein,a comprehensive review focusing on the fundamental science of lithium are provided.Firstly,the natures of lithium atoms and their isotopes,lithium clusters and lithium crystals are revisited,especially their structural and energetic properties.Subsequently,the electrochemical properties of lithium metal are reviewed.Numerous important concepts and scientific questions,including the electronic structure of lithium,influence of high pressure and low temperature on the properties of lithium,factors influencing lithium deposition,generation of lithium dendrites,and electrode potential of lithium in different electrolytes,are explained and analyzed in detail.Approaches to improve the performance of lithium anodes and thoughtfulness about the electrode potential in lithium battery research are proposed.展开更多
To explore the oxidation mechanism of wooden breast myofibrillar protein(WBMP),oxidative breast MP(OBMP)was obtained from different doses(3,10,and 20 mmol/L)of H2O2 oxidized normal breast MP(NBMP).The results showed t...To explore the oxidation mechanism of wooden breast myofibrillar protein(WBMP),oxidative breast MP(OBMP)was obtained from different doses(3,10,and 20 mmol/L)of H2O2 oxidized normal breast MP(NBMP).The results showed that the Zeta-potential,particle size,solubility,sulfhydryl,and carbonyl contents of OBMP-3(3 mmol/L,low-dose free radicals)and WBMP were similar.Fluorescence spectrum analysis showed that the oxidation of low-dose free radicals led to a significant increase in the surface hydrophobicity(from 214.03±10.03 to 393.50±10.33)and tryptophan fluorescence intensity(from 185.71 to 568.32).In addition,theα-helix content of WBMP decreased significantly from(37.46±1.15)%(NBMP)to(34.70±2.04)%,whileβ-sheet and random coil contents increased significantly(P<0.05)from(14.37±0.69)%and(22.24±0.78)%(NBMP)to(17.70±0.87)%and(25.20±1.47)%(WBMP).In summary,low-dose free radical oxidation attacks protein groups,inducing secondary and tertiary structural changes,leading to the formation of WBMP.This work will provide a theoretical basis at the molecular level for exploring the mechanism of functional degradation of WBMP.展开更多
In this paper,high cis-1,4 content hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(cis-HTPB)with different molecular weights was prepared through the oxidative cracking process using cis-butadiene rubber as raw material.Firstly,thi...In this paper,high cis-1,4 content hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(cis-HTPB)with different molecular weights was prepared through the oxidative cracking process using cis-butadiene rubber as raw material.Firstly,this article comprehensively compared the differences between cis-HTPB and conventional I-HTPB in terms of molecular weight distribution,functionality,viscosity,molecular polarity,and other physicochemical properties,which provided effective data support for its subsequent application.In addition,the reaction kinetics study showed that cis-HTPB with isocyanate curing agent has high reactivity,allowing it to be rapidly cured at low temperatures,and the cured elastomers had excellent mechanical properties,with tensile strength and elongation up to 1.89 MPa and 1100%,respectively.It was also found that cis-HTPB has extremely excellent low-temperature resistance,and the glass transition temperature(T_(g))of its cured elastomer is as low as-101℃.Based on the above studies,cis-HTPB is applied as a binder in composite solid propellants for the first time to investigate its practical performance,and the results indicated that cis-HTPB-based propellants have excellent process and mechanical properties.展开更多
The effects of starch phosphate monoester content(SPC),namely C-3(C3P)and C-6 phosphate monoesters(C6P),on the starch properties were investigated using four potato starches with varied SPC/C3P/C6P and two nonphosphor...The effects of starch phosphate monoester content(SPC),namely C-3(C3P)and C-6 phosphate monoesters(C6P),on the starch properties were investigated using four potato starches with varied SPC/C3P/C6P and two nonphosphorylated maize starches with a similar range of amylose content(AC)as controls.The starch property results showed that a higher SPC is associated with lower turbidity,storage and loss modulus after storage,and water solubility,but higher swelling power(SP)and pasting viscosities.These findings suggested that SPC inhibited molecular rearrangement during storage and starch leaching during heating,and enhanced swelling and viscosities due to increased hydration and water uptake caused by the repulsion effect of phosphate groups and a less ordered crystalline structure.Increased SPC also resulted in lower resistant starch(RS)content in a native granular state but higher RS after retrogradation.Pearson correlations further indicated that SPC/C3P/C6P were positively correlated with peak(r^(2)=0.925,0.873 and 0.930,respectively),trough(r^(2)=0.994,0.968 and 0.988,respectively),and final viscosities(r^(2)=0.981,0.968 and 0.971,respectively).Notably,SPC,mainly C3P,exhibited a significantly positive correlation with SP(r^(2)=0.859)and setback viscosity(r^(2)=0.867),whereas SPC,mainly C6P,showed a weak positive correlation with RS after retrogradation(r^(2)=0.746).However,SPC had no significant correlations with water solubility,turbidity and rheology properties,which were more correlated with AC.These findings are helpful for the food industry to select potato starches with desired properties based on their contents of SPC,C3P,or C6P.展开更多
Due to its high nutritional and dietotherapy values,highland barley has attracted the attention and favor of people all over the world in recent years.It has been demonstrated that the nutritional components of highla...Due to its high nutritional and dietotherapy values,highland barley has attracted the attention and favor of people all over the world in recent years.It has been demonstrated that the nutritional components of highland barley are comprehensive and unique,with the characteristics of high protein,high fiber,high vitamin,lowfat,low sugar and variety of bioactive components.As the most important component in highland barley,highland barley starch not only has low digestibility,but also has good freeze-thaw stability,high solubility,good emulsion stability and superior film forming performance,which makes it have great application value in food,medicine and industrial production.The content of highland barley protein,which is rich in 18 kinds of amino acids,is higher than that of most grains,and its derivatives play an important role in medical treatment.Unfortunately,highland barley protein cannot form gluten network structure,which limits the application in daily staple food to a certain extent.Highland barley also contains a large amount of dietary fiber,especiallyβ-glucan.Long-term consumption could significantly reduce the incidence of chronic diseases and metabolic syndromes such as heart disease and diabetes.However,the research on the application of highland barley is still in the laboratory stage,which failed to achieve large-scale application in the actual production.The value of highland barley has not been brought into full play,which leads to the waste of its resources and the reduction of its added value.This paper reviewed themacronutrients,health functions and applications of highland barley,aiming to provide some reference for the development of highland barley in food and health industry.展开更多
In order to provide a new way for waste cooking oil(WCO) resource utilization, several diester derivatives were obtained from WCO through a three-step chemical modifications, viz.: transesterification, epoxidation and...In order to provide a new way for waste cooking oil(WCO) resource utilization, several diester derivatives were obtained from WCO through a three-step chemical modifications, viz.: transesterification, epoxidation and oxirane ring opening with carboxylic acids. The effects of the chain length of side chain groups on the viscosity, acid value, low temperature fluidity, thermo-oxidative stability, tribological properties and surface tension of diester derivatives were investigated. The results showed that increasing the chain length of side chain groups had a positive influence on the viscosity, viscosity index, acid value, pour point, friction coefficient and wear scar diameter along with a negative influence on the oxidation onset temperature, volatile loss, insoluble deposit, maximum non-seizure load and surface tension. These diester derivatives exhibited improved physicochemical and tribological properties that make themselves promising environmentally friendly biolubricant basestocks.展开更多
Edible mushroom proteins are the promising ones with the advantages of complete essential amino acid profile and multiple functional activities.To reinforce their applications in functional food development,this study...Edible mushroom proteins are the promising ones with the advantages of complete essential amino acid profile and multiple functional activities.To reinforce their applications in functional food development,this study comprehensively evaluated the physicochemical and functional properties of protein isolates from 5 mushroom species,i.e.,Pleurotus eryngii(PEP),Pleurotus ostreatus(POP),Lentinula edodes(LEP),Flammulina velutipes(FVP)and Hypsizygus marmoreus(HMP).Results showed that PEP,LEP,FVP,POP and HMP exhibited better protein solubility(PS),water holding capacity(WHC),emulsification activity index(EAI),and foaming capacity(FC)than those of soybean protein and pea protein isolates(PPI).PEP(51.95%)and POP(49.15%)had a higher amount ofβ-sheet structure.Principal component analysis and correlation analysis showed that the seven proteins could be divided into 3 clusters,and WHC,EAI and FC were significantly positively correlated with PS andβ-sheet.The least gelation concentration of PEP(16%)and FVP(16%)at p H 6.0 and 7.0 was similar to PPI,and PEP showed better hardness,springiness and rheological properties than other proteins gels.Overall,our study showed that 5 edible mushroom proteins possessed excellent functionalities(except for gelling capacity),which provided novel insights on unexploited sources of mushroom proteins used as protein-based foods in the food industry.展开更多
As an alternative to petroleum-based lubricants, which are harmful to the environment in excessive amounts, a biodegradable multiester derivative(OFANE) was obtained from plant oil through a chemical modification proc...As an alternative to petroleum-based lubricants, which are harmful to the environment in excessive amounts, a biodegradable multiester derivative(OFANE) was obtained from plant oil through a chemical modification process with four steps as follows: hydrolysis, esterification, epoxidation, and ring-opening reaction. The physical and chemical properties of OFANE, such as viscosity, acid value, pour point, evaporation loss, and oxidation induction time were measured. Results showed that OFANE had good low-temperature fluidity, thermal-oxidative stability, and tribological properties. The tribological properties of OFANE with dimeric acid additive were evaluated. The final biodegradation experiment indicated that OFANE had excellent biodegradability. The prepared OFANE showed great potential as substitute for petroleum-based lubricating base oils.展开更多
Background: Soil and vegetation have a direct impact on the process and direction of plant community succession, and determine the structure, function, and productivity of ecosystems. However, little is known about th...Background: Soil and vegetation have a direct impact on the process and direction of plant community succession, and determine the structure, function, and productivity of ecosystems. However, little is known about the synergistic influence of soil physicochemical properties and vegetation features on vegetation restoration. The aim of this study was to investigate the co-evolution of soil physicochemical properties and vegetation features in the process of vegetation restoration, and to distinguish the primary and secondary relationships between soil and vegetation in their collaborative effects on promoting vegetation restoration in a subtropical area of China.Methods: Soil samples were collected to 40 cm in four distinct plant communities along a restoration gradient from herb(4–5 years), to shrub(11–12 years), to Pinus massoniana coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest(45–46 years), and to evergreen broadleaved forest(old growth forest). Measurements were taken of the soil physicochemical properties and Shannon–Wiener index(SD), diameter at breast height(DBH), height(H), and biomass. Principal component analysis, linear function analysis, and variation partitioning analysis were then performed to prioritize the relative importance of the leading factors affecting vegetation restoration.Results: Soil physicochemical properties and vegetation features showed a significant trend of improvement across the vegetation restoration gradient, reflected mainly in the high response rates of soil organic carbon(SOC)(140.76%), total nitrogen(TN)(222.48%), total phosphorus(TP)(59.54%), alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen(AN)(544.65%),available phosphorus(AP)(53.28%), species diversity(86.3%), biomass(2906.52%), DBH(128.11%), and H(596.97%).The soil properties(pH, SOC, TN, AN, and TP) and vegetation features(biomass, DBH, and H) had a clear coevolutionary relationship over the course of restoration. The synergistic interaction between soil properties and vegetation features had the greatest effect on biomass(55.55%–72.37%), and the soil properties contributed secondarily(3.30%–31.44%). The main impact factors of biomass varied with the restoration periods.Conclusions: In the process of vegetation restoration, soil and vegetation promoted each other. Vegetation restoration was the cumulative result of changes in soil fertility and vegetation features.展开更多
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province (SDCX-ZG-202303090).
文摘This study investigated the effects of superheated steam(SS)treatment at different temperatures(120℃,150℃,180℃)on the physicochemical properties of broken rice flour and the quality of broken rice cakes.SS treatment at 120℃ significantly enhanced the moisture content of broken rice flour(P<0.05).In contrast,treatments at 150℃ and 180℃ caused decrease of moisture content,amylose leaching,and reduction of damaged starch content.After SS treatment,the pasting properties of broken rice flour increased,along with the rising of storage modulus and loss modulus.The proportion of short chains(DP 6-12)in amylopectin increased from 29.42%to 34.80%(P<0.05),which could delay starch retrogradation.Compared with untreated ones,the SS-150 broken rice cakes showed a significantly higher specific volume(2.96 mL/g,P<0.05),more uniform cell structure,and lower hardness(1.66 N)and chewiness(10.22 mJ).After 7 days of storage,cakes from SS-treated rice flour(150℃ and 180℃)had significantly reduced hardness and chewiness.The study demonstrated that SS treatment could improve the properties of broken rice flour and enhance the quality of broken rice cakes,especially at 150℃ and 180℃.This study presents a method for improving the quality of broken rice flour and rice cakes using superheated steam treatment,addressing challenges related to poor flour characteristics and suboptimal cake quality.The findings offer technical and theoretical support for enhancing rice cake production,contributing to the comprehensive utilization of rice resources.
基金the National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry,University of Sindh,Jamshoro,Pakistan,for providing financial support to carry out this work.
文摘Oil blending is the method of choice used worldwide to improve oxidative stability and nutritional value.There is no such edible oil/fat that meets all the recommendations from the health point of view.The fatty acid composition of vegetable oils decides the fate of the oil.Pure single oil is unable to provide a balanced amount of fatty acids(FAs)required/recommended on a daily intake basis.Blending oils/fats is an appropriate procedure of physically mixing multiple oils in suitable proportions which may provide functional lipids with improved antioxidant potential and desirable physical and chemical properties.This review piled up the accessible data on the blending of diverse oils/fats in the combination of binary,ternary,quaternary,or other types of oils into a single blended oil.Blending can be found very convincing towards appropriate FA profile,enhancement in physicochemical characteristics,and augmented stability for the period of storage or when used as cooking/frying processes which could ultimately serve as an effectual dietary intervention towards the health protectiveness.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Science and Technology for Major Project of China(Project No.2019ZX06004002).
文摘The di-aromatics base oil and graphite powder,blended with the viscosity index improver,and the anti-oxidant and rheological additive,were used to prepare a kind of anti-seize thread lubricant.Its physical chemistry properties,such as water resistance,thermal oxidation and aging properties,and tribological performance,were evaluated and compared with those of some commercial products.The results show that the overall performance of the anti-seize thread lubricant could meet the level of some commercial products,while its some properties such as thermal stability,anti-wear and anti-friction properties were better.The said anti-seize thread lubricant is more suitable for use under high temperature conditions.
文摘The intercropping system of tree with soybean in juvenile plantations, as a short-term practice, was applied at Lao Shan Experimental Station in Mao＇er Shan Forest of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. The larch （Larix gmelinii）lsoybean （Glycine max.） and ash （Fraxinus mandshurica） intercropping systems were studied in the field to assess the effects of the intercropping on soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that soil physical properties were improved after soybean intercropping with larch and ash in one growing season. The soil bulk density in larch/soybean and ash/soybean systems was 1.112 g·cm^-3 and 1.058 g·cm^ 3, respectively, which was lower than that in the pure larch or ash plantation without intercropping. The total soil porosity also increased after intercropping. The organic matter amount in larch/soybean system was 1.77 times higher than that in the pure larch plantation, and it was 1.09 times higher in ash/soybean system than that in the pure ash plantation. Contents of total nitrogen and hydrolyzable nitrogen in larch/soybean system were 4.2% and 53.0% higher than those in the pure larch stand. Total nitrogen and hydrolyzable nitrogen contents in ash/soybean system were 75.5% and 3.3% higher than those in the pure ash plantation. Total phosphorus content decreased after intercropping, while change of available phosphorus showed an increasing trend. Total potassium and available potassium contents in the larch/soybean system were 0.6% and 17.5% higher than those in the pure larch stand. Total potassium and available potassium contents in the ash/soybean system were 56.4% and 21.8% higher than those in the oure ash plantation.
基金This work was supported fi nancially by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.and 41,871,031 and 31,860,111)Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang(Grant No.2017D01C080).
文摘Soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties are considered the two most influencing factors for maintaining plant diversity.However,the operational mechanisms and which factor is the most influential manipulator remain poorly understood.In this study,we examine the collaborative influences of soil physicochemical properties(i.e.,soil water,soil organic matter(SOM),salinity,total phosphorus and nitrogen,pH,soil bulk density and fine root biomass)and soil microorganisms(fungi and bacteria)on plant diversity across two types of tree patches dominated by big and small trees(big trees:height≥7 m and DBH≥60 cm;small trees:height≤4.5 m and DBH≤20 cm)in an arid desert region.Tree patch is consists of a single tree or group of trees and their accompanying shrubs and herbs.It was hypothesized that soil physicochemical properties and microorganisms affect plant diversity but their influence differ.The results show that plant and soil microbial diversity increased with increasing distances from big trees.SOM,salinity,fine root biomass,soil water,total phosphorus and total nitrogen contents decreased with increasing distance from big trees,while pH and soil bulk density did not change.Plant and soil microbial diversity were higher in areas close to big trees compared with small trees,whereas soil physicochemical properties were opposite.The average contribution of soil physicochemical properties(12.2%-13.5%)to plant diversity was higher than microbial diversity(4.8%-6.7%).Salinity had the largest negative affect on plant diversity(24.7%-27.4%).This study suggests that soil fungi constrain plant diversity while bacteria improve it in tree patches.Soil physicochemical properties are the most important factor modulating plant diversity in arid desert tree patches.
基金supported by the 973 plan item under Grants(2003CB615802)
文摘A novel micro-micro/mesoporous aluminosilicate ZSM-5-Y/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve with a MCM-41 type structure was synthesized through a novel process of the self-assembly of CTAB surfactant micellae with silica-alumina source originated from alkaline treatment of ZSM-5 zeolite. The physical properties of the ZSM-5- Y/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve were characterized by XRD, Py-FTIR and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. Different kinds of molecular sieves including ZSM-5, Y zeolite, AI-MCM-41, ZSM-5/MCM-41 and ZSM-5-Y/MCM- 41 as cracking catalysts were investigated, using 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene （1,3,5-TIPB） as the probe molecule. Catalytic tests showed that the ZSM-5-Y/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve exhibited higher catalytic activity compared with the microporous ZSM-5 zeolite, Y zeolite, mesoporous A1-MCM-41 molecular sieve and ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve under the same conditions. The remarkable catalytic activity was mainly attributed to the presence of the hierarchical pore structure and proper acidity in the ZSM-5-Y/MCM-41 composite catalyst. Meanwhile, a carbcnium ion mechanism was put forward for the cracking of 1,3,5-TIPB.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32260643)for financial support of this study。
文摘The physicochemical properties of plasma-activated water(PAW)generated under different process conditions were investigated,and their changes under different storage conditions were also studied.The results showed that increasing the processing time and power,and decreasing generated water volume,could cause an increase in the redox potential,conductivity,and temperature of PAW,and a decrease in its pH.A slower dissipation of the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in PAW was found on storage at 4℃in a sealed conical flask than on storage at room temperature.The inactivation ability of plasma-activated lactic acid(LA)to Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)was higher than that of PAW or LA alone under the same experimental conditions.The results of this study may provide theoretical information for the application of PAW as a potential antimicrobial agent in the future.
基金Supported by Henan Provincial Scientific and Technological Research Project(No.15210221027)
文摘In this study, the physicochemical properties, fatty acid profiles, and tocopherol compositions of Pinus koraiensis L.nut oils were evaluated, and the impact of different extraction technologies on the overall quality of pine nut oil was assessed. All the pine nut oils had pleasant and characteristic odor and flavor of the pine nuts and the flavor of the oil from hot-pressing was strongest. The oils obtained by hexane extraction and sub-critical extraction had less deterioration, indicating hexane extraction and sub-critical extraction preserve the oil quality well. Gas chromatography showed that the predominant fatty acid was linoleic acid(45.36%–45.91%), followed by oleic acid(26.91%–27.10%), and pinolenic acid(13.33%–13.63%), respectively. The oils from hexane extraction of cold-pressed cake and sub-critical extraction were richer in tocopherols and tocotrienols, namely, 37.52 and 36.18 mg/100 g, respectively, with α-tocopherol most abundant. The pine nut oils from hexane extraction of cold-pressed cake,hexane extraction, cold pressing, and sub-critical extraction had better oxidation stability with the oxidation induction times of 6.91, 5.27, 4.96 and 4.93 h, respectively. Based on its features, P. koraiensis nut oil may have the multiple application in edible oil, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industry. P. koraiensis can be one of the good woody candidates for closing the gap between the demand and production of vegetable oils.
基金supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract Nos.APVV-16-0216,APVV-19-0386 and Slovak Grant Agency No.1/0782/19。
文摘The pulsed corona discharge(CD)generated in contact with water and directly in water,and high-power air plasma jet(APJ)were studied for production of plasma activated water(PAW).The changes of physical(pH,redox potential,conductivity,temperature)and chemical(peroxides,nitrites,nitrates concentrations)properties of treated water were investigated.The comparison of CD generated in gas/water interface and underwater configuration in the same system showed that the interaction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formed in ambient air in gas/water system induces different chemical processes,leading to lower pH,higher oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)and higher conductivity of PAW than in underwater discharge.High yield of peroxide was observed in both configurations.The PAW prepared by APJ exhibits high concentration of nitrites and nitrates according to supplied energy,and related significant decrease of pH and increase of ORP and conductivity after treatment.The antimicrobial effect of PAW prepared by CD and plasma jet on lentils sprouts was studied in different treatment and washing times.The APJ appears to have great efficacy on water activation resulted in strong decontamination effect.The PAW treated by APJ for 10 min led to bacterial reduction from initial 8.3 to 5.9 and 4.0 log10 CFU g^(-1)after 10 and 30 min of washing,respectively.
文摘Soil sample plots were specified and the soil in layer A0, A1 and AB were collected in Maoershan-Forest Experiment Farm of Northeast Forestry University for study of the effect of corylus clusters on soil in 1999. The result shows that the pH value, contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-discomposed nitrogen and total phosphorus under the corylus clusters are higher than that under the non-corylus clusters, except the available phosphorus content. The number of soil granular aggregates or the water stable aggregates under corylus clusters is more than that under the non-corylus clusters. The corylus clusters play an important role in improving the physicochemical properties of the soil, which should be conserved and developed in the forestry production.
基金gratitude to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22279070,U21A20170,22279071 and 52206263)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2019YFA0705703 and 2019YFE0100200)The authors thank Joint Work Plan for Research Projects under the Clean Vehicles Consortium at U.S.and China-Clean Energy Research Center(CERCCVC2.0,2016-2020)。
文摘As a key material for lithium metal batteries(LMBs),lithium metal is one of the most promising anode materials to break the bottleneck of battery energy density and a commonly used active material for reference electrodes.Although lithium anodes are regarded as the holy grail of lithium batteries,decades of exploration have not led to the successful commercialization of LMBs,due mainly to the challenges related to the inherent properties of lithium metal.To pave the way for further investigation,herein,a comprehensive review focusing on the fundamental science of lithium are provided.Firstly,the natures of lithium atoms and their isotopes,lithium clusters and lithium crystals are revisited,especially their structural and energetic properties.Subsequently,the electrochemical properties of lithium metal are reviewed.Numerous important concepts and scientific questions,including the electronic structure of lithium,influence of high pressure and low temperature on the properties of lithium,factors influencing lithium deposition,generation of lithium dendrites,and electrode potential of lithium in different electrolytes,are explained and analyzed in detail.Approaches to improve the performance of lithium anodes and thoughtfulness about the electrode potential in lithium battery research are proposed.
基金supported by the Shandong Modern Agricultural Technology and Industry System(SDAIT-11-11)China Agricultural Research System(CARS-41-Z06)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022MC087).
文摘To explore the oxidation mechanism of wooden breast myofibrillar protein(WBMP),oxidative breast MP(OBMP)was obtained from different doses(3,10,and 20 mmol/L)of H2O2 oxidized normal breast MP(NBMP).The results showed that the Zeta-potential,particle size,solubility,sulfhydryl,and carbonyl contents of OBMP-3(3 mmol/L,low-dose free radicals)and WBMP were similar.Fluorescence spectrum analysis showed that the oxidation of low-dose free radicals led to a significant increase in the surface hydrophobicity(from 214.03±10.03 to 393.50±10.33)and tryptophan fluorescence intensity(from 185.71 to 568.32).In addition,theα-helix content of WBMP decreased significantly from(37.46±1.15)%(NBMP)to(34.70±2.04)%,whileβ-sheet and random coil contents increased significantly(P<0.05)from(14.37±0.69)%and(22.24±0.78)%(NBMP)to(17.70±0.87)%and(25.20±1.47)%(WBMP).In summary,low-dose free radical oxidation attacks protein groups,inducing secondary and tertiary structural changes,leading to the formation of WBMP.This work will provide a theoretical basis at the molecular level for exploring the mechanism of functional degradation of WBMP.
基金the support from the Open Research Fund Program of Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory(Grant No.STACPL120221B03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22175059).
文摘In this paper,high cis-1,4 content hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(cis-HTPB)with different molecular weights was prepared through the oxidative cracking process using cis-butadiene rubber as raw material.Firstly,this article comprehensively compared the differences between cis-HTPB and conventional I-HTPB in terms of molecular weight distribution,functionality,viscosity,molecular polarity,and other physicochemical properties,which provided effective data support for its subsequent application.In addition,the reaction kinetics study showed that cis-HTPB with isocyanate curing agent has high reactivity,allowing it to be rapidly cured at low temperatures,and the cured elastomers had excellent mechanical properties,with tensile strength and elongation up to 1.89 MPa and 1100%,respectively.It was also found that cis-HTPB has extremely excellent low-temperature resistance,and the glass transition temperature(T_(g))of its cured elastomer is as low as-101℃.Based on the above studies,cis-HTPB is applied as a binder in composite solid propellants for the first time to investigate its practical performance,and the results indicated that cis-HTPB-based propellants have excellent process and mechanical properties.
基金the China Scholarship Council funding(CSC,202006150028)for her PhD study at the University of Copenhagen,Denmark.
文摘The effects of starch phosphate monoester content(SPC),namely C-3(C3P)and C-6 phosphate monoesters(C6P),on the starch properties were investigated using four potato starches with varied SPC/C3P/C6P and two nonphosphorylated maize starches with a similar range of amylose content(AC)as controls.The starch property results showed that a higher SPC is associated with lower turbidity,storage and loss modulus after storage,and water solubility,but higher swelling power(SP)and pasting viscosities.These findings suggested that SPC inhibited molecular rearrangement during storage and starch leaching during heating,and enhanced swelling and viscosities due to increased hydration and water uptake caused by the repulsion effect of phosphate groups and a less ordered crystalline structure.Increased SPC also resulted in lower resistant starch(RS)content in a native granular state but higher RS after retrogradation.Pearson correlations further indicated that SPC/C3P/C6P were positively correlated with peak(r^(2)=0.925,0.873 and 0.930,respectively),trough(r^(2)=0.994,0.968 and 0.988,respectively),and final viscosities(r^(2)=0.981,0.968 and 0.971,respectively).Notably,SPC,mainly C3P,exhibited a significantly positive correlation with SP(r^(2)=0.859)and setback viscosity(r^(2)=0.867),whereas SPC,mainly C6P,showed a weak positive correlation with RS after retrogradation(r^(2)=0.746).However,SPC had no significant correlations with water solubility,turbidity and rheology properties,which were more correlated with AC.These findings are helpful for the food industry to select potato starches with desired properties based on their contents of SPC,C3P,or C6P.
基金supported by the Key scientific and technological project of Henan Province (No.202102110143)Talent Projects from Henan University of Technology(No.2018RCJH08)the Joint Foundations from the NSFC-Henan Province (No.U1604235)
文摘Due to its high nutritional and dietotherapy values,highland barley has attracted the attention and favor of people all over the world in recent years.It has been demonstrated that the nutritional components of highland barley are comprehensive and unique,with the characteristics of high protein,high fiber,high vitamin,lowfat,low sugar and variety of bioactive components.As the most important component in highland barley,highland barley starch not only has low digestibility,but also has good freeze-thaw stability,high solubility,good emulsion stability and superior film forming performance,which makes it have great application value in food,medicine and industrial production.The content of highland barley protein,which is rich in 18 kinds of amino acids,is higher than that of most grains,and its derivatives play an important role in medical treatment.Unfortunately,highland barley protein cannot form gluten network structure,which limits the application in daily staple food to a certain extent.Highland barley also contains a large amount of dietary fiber,especiallyβ-glucan.Long-term consumption could significantly reduce the incidence of chronic diseases and metabolic syndromes such as heart disease and diabetes.However,the research on the application of highland barley is still in the laboratory stage,which failed to achieve large-scale application in the actual production.The value of highland barley has not been brought into full play,which leads to the waste of its resources and the reduction of its added value.This paper reviewed themacronutrients,health functions and applications of highland barley,aiming to provide some reference for the development of highland barley in food and health industry.
基金the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Project No.cstc2014jcyj A90013)
文摘In order to provide a new way for waste cooking oil(WCO) resource utilization, several diester derivatives were obtained from WCO through a three-step chemical modifications, viz.: transesterification, epoxidation and oxirane ring opening with carboxylic acids. The effects of the chain length of side chain groups on the viscosity, acid value, low temperature fluidity, thermo-oxidative stability, tribological properties and surface tension of diester derivatives were investigated. The results showed that increasing the chain length of side chain groups had a positive influence on the viscosity, viscosity index, acid value, pour point, friction coefficient and wear scar diameter along with a negative influence on the oxidation onset temperature, volatile loss, insoluble deposit, maximum non-seizure load and surface tension. These diester derivatives exhibited improved physicochemical and tribological properties that make themselves promising environmentally friendly biolubricant basestocks.
基金supported by the special fund of Jiangsu Province for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements(BA2021062)Jiangsu agricultural science and technology independent innovation fund(CX(22)2007)。
文摘Edible mushroom proteins are the promising ones with the advantages of complete essential amino acid profile and multiple functional activities.To reinforce their applications in functional food development,this study comprehensively evaluated the physicochemical and functional properties of protein isolates from 5 mushroom species,i.e.,Pleurotus eryngii(PEP),Pleurotus ostreatus(POP),Lentinula edodes(LEP),Flammulina velutipes(FVP)and Hypsizygus marmoreus(HMP).Results showed that PEP,LEP,FVP,POP and HMP exhibited better protein solubility(PS),water holding capacity(WHC),emulsification activity index(EAI),and foaming capacity(FC)than those of soybean protein and pea protein isolates(PPI).PEP(51.95%)and POP(49.15%)had a higher amount ofβ-sheet structure.Principal component analysis and correlation analysis showed that the seven proteins could be divided into 3 clusters,and WHC,EAI and FC were significantly positively correlated with PS andβ-sheet.The least gelation concentration of PEP(16%)and FVP(16%)at p H 6.0 and 7.0 was similar to PPI,and PEP showed better hardness,springiness and rheological properties than other proteins gels.Overall,our study showed that 5 edible mushroom proteins possessed excellent functionalities(except for gelling capacity),which provided novel insights on unexploited sources of mushroom proteins used as protein-based foods in the food industry.
基金financial support from the Special Project for Scientific and Technological Innovation of Social Undertakings and People’s Livelihood Guarantee of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission.(Project No.cstc2017shms-zdyfX0066)。
文摘As an alternative to petroleum-based lubricants, which are harmful to the environment in excessive amounts, a biodegradable multiester derivative(OFANE) was obtained from plant oil through a chemical modification process with four steps as follows: hydrolysis, esterification, epoxidation, and ring-opening reaction. The physical and chemical properties of OFANE, such as viscosity, acid value, pour point, evaporation loss, and oxidation induction time were measured. Results showed that OFANE had good low-temperature fluidity, thermal-oxidative stability, and tribological properties. The tribological properties of OFANE with dimeric acid additive were evaluated. The final biodegradation experiment indicated that OFANE had excellent biodegradability. The prepared OFANE showed great potential as substitute for petroleum-based lubricating base oils.
基金supported by the National Forestry Public Welfare Industry Research Project (grant no. 201504411)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 31570447 and 31300524)。
文摘Background: Soil and vegetation have a direct impact on the process and direction of plant community succession, and determine the structure, function, and productivity of ecosystems. However, little is known about the synergistic influence of soil physicochemical properties and vegetation features on vegetation restoration. The aim of this study was to investigate the co-evolution of soil physicochemical properties and vegetation features in the process of vegetation restoration, and to distinguish the primary and secondary relationships between soil and vegetation in their collaborative effects on promoting vegetation restoration in a subtropical area of China.Methods: Soil samples were collected to 40 cm in four distinct plant communities along a restoration gradient from herb(4–5 years), to shrub(11–12 years), to Pinus massoniana coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest(45–46 years), and to evergreen broadleaved forest(old growth forest). Measurements were taken of the soil physicochemical properties and Shannon–Wiener index(SD), diameter at breast height(DBH), height(H), and biomass. Principal component analysis, linear function analysis, and variation partitioning analysis were then performed to prioritize the relative importance of the leading factors affecting vegetation restoration.Results: Soil physicochemical properties and vegetation features showed a significant trend of improvement across the vegetation restoration gradient, reflected mainly in the high response rates of soil organic carbon(SOC)(140.76%), total nitrogen(TN)(222.48%), total phosphorus(TP)(59.54%), alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen(AN)(544.65%),available phosphorus(AP)(53.28%), species diversity(86.3%), biomass(2906.52%), DBH(128.11%), and H(596.97%).The soil properties(pH, SOC, TN, AN, and TP) and vegetation features(biomass, DBH, and H) had a clear coevolutionary relationship over the course of restoration. The synergistic interaction between soil properties and vegetation features had the greatest effect on biomass(55.55%–72.37%), and the soil properties contributed secondarily(3.30%–31.44%). The main impact factors of biomass varied with the restoration periods.Conclusions: In the process of vegetation restoration, soil and vegetation promoted each other. Vegetation restoration was the cumulative result of changes in soil fertility and vegetation features.
