In the study of oriented bounding boxes(OBB)object detection in high-resolution remote sensing images,the problem of missed and wrong detection of small targets occurs because the targets are too small and have differ...In the study of oriented bounding boxes(OBB)object detection in high-resolution remote sensing images,the problem of missed and wrong detection of small targets occurs because the targets are too small and have different orientations.Existing OBB object detection for remote sensing images,although making good progress,mainly focuses on directional modeling,while less consideration is given to the size of the object as well as the problem of missed detection.In this study,a method based on improved YOLOv8 was proposed for detecting oriented objects in remote sensing images,which can improve the detection precision of oriented objects in remote sensing images.Firstly,the ResCBAMG module was innovatively designed,which could better extract channel and spatial correlation information.Secondly,the innovative top-down feature fusion layer network structure was proposed in conjunction with the Efficient Channel Attention(ECA)attention module,which helped to capture inter-local cross-channel interaction information appropriately.Finally,we introduced an innovative ResCBAMG module between the different C2f modules and detection heads of the bottom-up feature fusion layer.This innovative structure helped the model to better focus on the target area.The precision and robustness of oriented target detection were also improved.Experimental results on the DOTA-v1.5 dataset showed that the detection Precision,mAP@0.5,and mAP@0.5:0.95 metrics of the improved model are better compared to the original model.This improvement is effective in detecting small targets and complex scenes.展开更多
The modern war features a highly distributed coordination. In the face of great time constrains, it is important to change command organizations to adapt to the real environment. Therefore it's a key step to set u...The modern war features a highly distributed coordination. In the face of great time constrains, it is important to change command organizations to adapt to the real environment. Therefore it's a key step to set up adaptive C2 teams. In this paper, the relational problems about distributed C2 organizational structure adaptation are discussed, and the methodology for team decision making design based on the object oriented technique is studied.展开更多
A redox-active monolayer on an optically transparent electrode constitutes a typical platform for spectroelectrochemical sensing.The necessity for its sophistication arises from the availability of multi-dimensional s...A redox-active monolayer on an optically transparent electrode constitutes a typical platform for spectroelectrochemical sensing.The necessity for its sophistication arises from the availability of multi-dimensional sensing signals.Simultaneous monitoring of the redox current and color change synchronized with the oxidation state change significantly enhances sen-sitivity and selectivity.This study aimed to elucidate the modification of an indium tin oxide(ITO)electrode with a viologen monolayer with an ordered orientation.Novel methods were developed to immobilize a viologen molecule bearing a car-boxyl group to form assembled monolayers through a condensation reaction using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-car-bodiimide with N-hydroxy-succinimide(EDC/NHS).In the two methods of immobilization,one utilizes a two-step process to firstly form an aromatic siloxane base layer and subsequently attach the viologen derivative through an amide linkage by post-amidation.The other employs a direct ester linkage between the hydroxyl groups of the ITO surface and the car-boxyl group of the viologen derivative.The latter method was also applied to immobilize a ferrocenyl group at a very short distance from the ITO surface.Potential-modulated UV-visible transmission absorption spectral measurement techniques with oblique incidence of plane-polarized light were employed to determine the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the reduced form of the viologen.The frequency dependence data of the potential-modulated transmission absorption signals were utilized to analyze the electron transfer kinetics.The performance of the two viologen-modified electrodes was com-pared to that of an ITO modified by post-amidation to the most commonly used base layer prepared with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane.展开更多
Ground penetrating radar(GPR),as a fast,efficient,and non-destructive detection device,holds great potential for the detection of shallow subsurface environments,such as urban road subsurface monitoring.However,the in...Ground penetrating radar(GPR),as a fast,efficient,and non-destructive detection device,holds great potential for the detection of shallow subsurface environments,such as urban road subsurface monitoring.However,the interpretation of GPR echo images often relies on manual recognition by experienced engineers.In order to address the automatic interpretation of cavity targets in GPR echo images,a recognition-algorithm based on Gaussian mixed model-hidden Markov model(GMM-HMM)is proposed,which can recognize three dimensional(3D)underground voids automatically.First,energy detection on the echo images is performed,whereby the data is preprocessed and pre-filtered.Then,edge histogram descriptor(EHD),histogram of oriented gradient(HOG),and Log-Gabor filters are used to extract features from the images.The traditional method can only be applied to 2D images and pre-processing is required for C-scan images.Finally,the aggregated features are fed into the GMM-HMM for classification and compared with two other methods,long short-term memory(LSTM)and gate recurrent unit(GRU).By testing on a simulated dataset,an accuracy rate of 90%is obtained,demonstrating the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method.展开更多
Effect of flip chip bonding parameters on microstructure at the interconnect interface and shear properties of 64.8Sn35.2Pb microbumps were investigated in this work.Results show that the main intermetallic compound(I...Effect of flip chip bonding parameters on microstructure at the interconnect interface and shear properties of 64.8Sn35.2Pb microbumps were investigated in this work.Results show that the main intermetallic compound(IMC)at the interconnect interface is(Ni,Cu)_(3)Sn_(4)phase,and meanwhile a small amount of(Cu,Ni)_(6)Sn_(5)phase with a size of 50−100 nm is formed around(Ni,Cu)_(3)Sn_(4)phase.The orientation relationship of[-1-56](Ni,Cu)_(3)Sn_(4)//[152](Cu,Ni)_(6)Sn_(5)and(601)(Ni,Cu)_(3)Sn_(4)//(-201)(Cu,Ni)_(6)Sn_(5)is found between these two phases,and the atomic matching at the interface of the two phases is low.The highest shear force of 77.3 gf is achieved in the 64.8Sn35.2Pb microbump at the peak temperature of 250℃and parameter V1 because dense IMCs and no cracks form at the interconnect interface.Two typical fracture modes of microbumps are determined as solder fracture and mixed fracture.The high thermal stress presenting in the thick IMCs layer induces crack initiation,and cracks propagate along theα/βphase boundaries in the Sn-Pb solder under shear force,leading to a mixed fracture mode in the microbumps.展开更多
The pure Mg with columnar crystals was prepared by directional solidification,and the effect of process parameters on the crystal orientation and tensile properties was studied.Moreover,the microstructure evolution du...The pure Mg with columnar crystals was prepared by directional solidification,and the effect of process parameters on the crystal orientation and tensile properties was studied.Moreover,the microstructure evolution during tensile deformation was analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)technology.Furthermore,the slip within adjacent grains and grain boundary strain were discussed using the bicrystal model theory.The results show that the microstructure of the pure Mg at a pulling rate of 200μm/s is columnar polycrystal with growth orientation concentrated in<022ˉ5>,and no transverse grain boundaries can be seen.In addition,the Schmid factors(SFs)of basalslips in columnar crystals are higher than 0.43 under tensile stress.Moreover,the geometric compatibility factor of slip systems on both sides of grain boundaries is greater than 0.7,showing good strain coordination ability of grain boundaries.Therefore,the elongation of the directionally solidified pure Mg is as high as 53%at room temperature.展开更多
The ductile-to-brittle transition temperature(DBTT)of high strength steels can be optimized by tailoring microstructure and crystallographic orientation characteristics,where the start cooling temperature plays a key ...The ductile-to-brittle transition temperature(DBTT)of high strength steels can be optimized by tailoring microstructure and crystallographic orientation characteristics,where the start cooling temperature plays a key role.In this work,X70 steels with different start cooling temperatures were prepared through thermo-mechanical control process.The quasi-polygonal ferrite(QF),granular bainite(GB),bainitic ferrite(BF)and martensite-austenite constituents were formed at the start cooling temperatures of 780℃(C1),740℃(C2)and 700℃(C3).As start cooling temperature decreased,the amount of GB decreased,the microstructure of QF and BF increased.Microstructure characteristics of the three samples,such as high-angle grain boundaries(HAGBs),MA constituents and crystallographic orientation,also varied with the start cooling temperatures.C2 sample had the lowest DBTT value(−86℃)for its highest fraction of HAGBs,highest content of<110>oriented grains and lowest content of<001>oriented grains parallel to TD.The high density of{332}<113>and low density of rotated cube{001}<110>textures also contributed to the best impact toughness of C2 sample.In addition,a modified model was used in this paper to quantitatively predict the approximate DBTT value of steels.展开更多
Stab-resistant textiles play a critical role in personal protection,necessitating a deeper understanding of how structural and layering factors influence their performance.The current study experimentally examines the...Stab-resistant textiles play a critical role in personal protection,necessitating a deeper understanding of how structural and layering factors influence their performance.The current study experimentally examines the effects of textile structure,layering,and ply orientation on the stab resistance of multi-layer textiles.Three 3D warp interlock(3DWI)structures({f1},{f2},{f3})and a 2D woven fabric({f4}),all made of high-performance p-aramid yarns,were engineered and manufactured.Multi-layer specimens were prepared and subjected to drop-weight stabbing tests following HOSBD standards.Stabbing performance metrics,including Depth of Trauma(DoT),Depth of Penetration(DoP),and trauma deformation(Ymax,Xmax),were investigated and analyzed.Statistical analyses(Two-and One-Way ANOVA)indicated that fabric type and layer number significantly impacted DoP(P<0.05),while ply orientation significantly affected DoP(P<0.05)but not DoT(P>0.05).Further detailed analysis revealed that 2D woven fabrics exhibited greater trauma deformation than 3D WIF structures.Increasing the number of layers reduced both DoP and DoT across all fabric structures,with f3 demonstrating the best performance in multi-layer configurations.Aligned ply orientations also enhanced stab resistance,underscoring the importance of alignment in dissipating impact energy.展开更多
The serious competition environment of global marke t requests the enterprise to change traditional product development strategy and a dopt new theory in order to meet diverse customer needs while maintaining near m a...The serious competition environment of global marke t requests the enterprise to change traditional product development strategy and a dopt new theory in order to meet diverse customer needs while maintaining near m ass production efficiency, which is the main philosophy of mass customization. P roduct family design is research focus at present and also is the core technolog y of DFMC (design for mass customization). Firstly, this paper explores the fund amental issues of product family, such as concepts of modularity, commonality/di versity, product platform and product family architecture etc. We compare the te rminology between product family and object-oriented approach in the next step. Thirdly, this paper puts forwards one product family design methodology based o n product platform and under different phase of product life cycle constrains, f or example, functional, assembly and service etc. At the end section of this pap er, we applied, the object-oriented approach in above mentioned product family design methodology to realize the design process. In one word, this paper propos ed one product family design methodology based on object oriented approach and p roduct life cycle consideration, especially the conjointness of characteristic o f OOA and concepts of product family. The main property of OOA are encapsulation , inherence and polymorphism. Encapsulation can represent the module or building blocks of product family. Inherence can be extended to describe the modularity and commonality, and also be used to construct variant space. Alternative specif ic of product family architecture can be embodied with polymorphism. And fin aly, we give the future work contents. In order to derive the product platform a nd achieve modularity and commonality/diversity, interface management between bu ilding block is necessary. The question is how the OOA can be applied in interfa ce management to get our aim OOA is the basis of many information management sy stem, then the question is how to build one system to manage the information of product family and support mass customization The third question is how to deve lop one computer aided tool to facilitate the application of OOA for product fam ily design, even be used to category of design for mass customization.展开更多
A scheme for general purposed FDTD visual scientific computing software is introduced in this paper using object-oriented design (OOD) method. By abstracting the parameters of FDTD grids to an individual class and sep...A scheme for general purposed FDTD visual scientific computing software is introduced in this paper using object-oriented design (OOD) method. By abstracting the parameters of FDTD grids to an individual class and separating from the iteration procedure, the visual software can be adapted to more comprehensive computing problems. Real-time gray degree graphic and wave curve of the results can be achieved using DirectX technique. The special difference equation and data structure in dispersive medium are considered, and the peculiarity of parameters in perfectly matched layer are also discussed.展开更多
文摘In the study of oriented bounding boxes(OBB)object detection in high-resolution remote sensing images,the problem of missed and wrong detection of small targets occurs because the targets are too small and have different orientations.Existing OBB object detection for remote sensing images,although making good progress,mainly focuses on directional modeling,while less consideration is given to the size of the object as well as the problem of missed detection.In this study,a method based on improved YOLOv8 was proposed for detecting oriented objects in remote sensing images,which can improve the detection precision of oriented objects in remote sensing images.Firstly,the ResCBAMG module was innovatively designed,which could better extract channel and spatial correlation information.Secondly,the innovative top-down feature fusion layer network structure was proposed in conjunction with the Efficient Channel Attention(ECA)attention module,which helped to capture inter-local cross-channel interaction information appropriately.Finally,we introduced an innovative ResCBAMG module between the different C2f modules and detection heads of the bottom-up feature fusion layer.This innovative structure helped the model to better focus on the target area.The precision and robustness of oriented target detection were also improved.Experimental results on the DOTA-v1.5 dataset showed that the detection Precision,mAP@0.5,and mAP@0.5:0.95 metrics of the improved model are better compared to the original model.This improvement is effective in detecting small targets and complex scenes.
文摘The modern war features a highly distributed coordination. In the face of great time constrains, it is important to change command organizations to adapt to the real environment. Therefore it's a key step to set up adaptive C2 teams. In this paper, the relational problems about distributed C2 organizational structure adaptation are discussed, and the methodology for team decision making design based on the object oriented technique is studied.
基金supports by the Grant-in-Aid of Scientific Research of Challenging Research(Exploratory)(JP23K17738)to TS from MEXT of Japanthe 41st grant of research from Nippon Sheet Glass Foundation for Materials Science and Engineering to TS.
文摘A redox-active monolayer on an optically transparent electrode constitutes a typical platform for spectroelectrochemical sensing.The necessity for its sophistication arises from the availability of multi-dimensional sensing signals.Simultaneous monitoring of the redox current and color change synchronized with the oxidation state change significantly enhances sen-sitivity and selectivity.This study aimed to elucidate the modification of an indium tin oxide(ITO)electrode with a viologen monolayer with an ordered orientation.Novel methods were developed to immobilize a viologen molecule bearing a car-boxyl group to form assembled monolayers through a condensation reaction using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-car-bodiimide with N-hydroxy-succinimide(EDC/NHS).In the two methods of immobilization,one utilizes a two-step process to firstly form an aromatic siloxane base layer and subsequently attach the viologen derivative through an amide linkage by post-amidation.The other employs a direct ester linkage between the hydroxyl groups of the ITO surface and the car-boxyl group of the viologen derivative.The latter method was also applied to immobilize a ferrocenyl group at a very short distance from the ITO surface.Potential-modulated UV-visible transmission absorption spectral measurement techniques with oblique incidence of plane-polarized light were employed to determine the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the reduced form of the viologen.The frequency dependence data of the potential-modulated transmission absorption signals were utilized to analyze the electron transfer kinetics.The performance of the two viologen-modified electrodes was com-pared to that of an ITO modified by post-amidation to the most commonly used base layer prepared with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62071147)。
文摘Ground penetrating radar(GPR),as a fast,efficient,and non-destructive detection device,holds great potential for the detection of shallow subsurface environments,such as urban road subsurface monitoring.However,the interpretation of GPR echo images often relies on manual recognition by experienced engineers.In order to address the automatic interpretation of cavity targets in GPR echo images,a recognition-algorithm based on Gaussian mixed model-hidden Markov model(GMM-HMM)is proposed,which can recognize three dimensional(3D)underground voids automatically.First,energy detection on the echo images is performed,whereby the data is preprocessed and pre-filtered.Then,edge histogram descriptor(EHD),histogram of oriented gradient(HOG),and Log-Gabor filters are used to extract features from the images.The traditional method can only be applied to 2D images and pre-processing is required for C-scan images.Finally,the aggregated features are fed into the GMM-HMM for classification and compared with two other methods,long short-term memory(LSTM)and gate recurrent unit(GRU).By testing on a simulated dataset,an accuracy rate of 90%is obtained,demonstrating the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method.
基金Project(U2341254)supported by Ye Qisun Science Foundation of National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(52475406)supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2024CY2-GJHX-32)supported by the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province,China。
文摘Effect of flip chip bonding parameters on microstructure at the interconnect interface and shear properties of 64.8Sn35.2Pb microbumps were investigated in this work.Results show that the main intermetallic compound(IMC)at the interconnect interface is(Ni,Cu)_(3)Sn_(4)phase,and meanwhile a small amount of(Cu,Ni)_(6)Sn_(5)phase with a size of 50−100 nm is formed around(Ni,Cu)_(3)Sn_(4)phase.The orientation relationship of[-1-56](Ni,Cu)_(3)Sn_(4)//[152](Cu,Ni)_(6)Sn_(5)and(601)(Ni,Cu)_(3)Sn_(4)//(-201)(Cu,Ni)_(6)Sn_(5)is found between these two phases,and the atomic matching at the interface of the two phases is low.The highest shear force of 77.3 gf is achieved in the 64.8Sn35.2Pb microbump at the peak temperature of 250℃and parameter V1 because dense IMCs and no cracks form at the interconnect interface.Two typical fracture modes of microbumps are determined as solder fracture and mixed fracture.The high thermal stress presenting in the thick IMCs layer induces crack initiation,and cracks propagate along theα/βphase boundaries in the Sn-Pb solder under shear force,leading to a mixed fracture mode in the microbumps.
基金Projects(51775099,51675092)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(E2021501019,E2022501001,E2022501006)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China。
文摘The pure Mg with columnar crystals was prepared by directional solidification,and the effect of process parameters on the crystal orientation and tensile properties was studied.Moreover,the microstructure evolution during tensile deformation was analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)technology.Furthermore,the slip within adjacent grains and grain boundary strain were discussed using the bicrystal model theory.The results show that the microstructure of the pure Mg at a pulling rate of 200μm/s is columnar polycrystal with growth orientation concentrated in<022ˉ5>,and no transverse grain boundaries can be seen.In addition,the Schmid factors(SFs)of basalslips in columnar crystals are higher than 0.43 under tensile stress.Moreover,the geometric compatibility factor of slip systems on both sides of grain boundaries is greater than 0.7,showing good strain coordination ability of grain boundaries.Therefore,the elongation of the directionally solidified pure Mg is as high as 53%at room temperature.
基金Project(2018XK2301) supported by the Change-Zhu-Tan National Independent Innavation Demonstration Zone Special Program,China。
文摘The ductile-to-brittle transition temperature(DBTT)of high strength steels can be optimized by tailoring microstructure and crystallographic orientation characteristics,where the start cooling temperature plays a key role.In this work,X70 steels with different start cooling temperatures were prepared through thermo-mechanical control process.The quasi-polygonal ferrite(QF),granular bainite(GB),bainitic ferrite(BF)and martensite-austenite constituents were formed at the start cooling temperatures of 780℃(C1),740℃(C2)and 700℃(C3).As start cooling temperature decreased,the amount of GB decreased,the microstructure of QF and BF increased.Microstructure characteristics of the three samples,such as high-angle grain boundaries(HAGBs),MA constituents and crystallographic orientation,also varied with the start cooling temperatures.C2 sample had the lowest DBTT value(−86℃)for its highest fraction of HAGBs,highest content of<110>oriented grains and lowest content of<001>oriented grains parallel to TD.The high density of{332}<113>and low density of rotated cube{001}<110>textures also contributed to the best impact toughness of C2 sample.In addition,a modified model was used in this paper to quantitatively predict the approximate DBTT value of steels.
文摘Stab-resistant textiles play a critical role in personal protection,necessitating a deeper understanding of how structural and layering factors influence their performance.The current study experimentally examines the effects of textile structure,layering,and ply orientation on the stab resistance of multi-layer textiles.Three 3D warp interlock(3DWI)structures({f1},{f2},{f3})and a 2D woven fabric({f4}),all made of high-performance p-aramid yarns,were engineered and manufactured.Multi-layer specimens were prepared and subjected to drop-weight stabbing tests following HOSBD standards.Stabbing performance metrics,including Depth of Trauma(DoT),Depth of Penetration(DoP),and trauma deformation(Ymax,Xmax),were investigated and analyzed.Statistical analyses(Two-and One-Way ANOVA)indicated that fabric type and layer number significantly impacted DoP(P<0.05),while ply orientation significantly affected DoP(P<0.05)but not DoT(P>0.05).Further detailed analysis revealed that 2D woven fabrics exhibited greater trauma deformation than 3D WIF structures.Increasing the number of layers reduced both DoP and DoT across all fabric structures,with f3 demonstrating the best performance in multi-layer configurations.Aligned ply orientations also enhanced stab resistance,underscoring the importance of alignment in dissipating impact energy.
文摘The serious competition environment of global marke t requests the enterprise to change traditional product development strategy and a dopt new theory in order to meet diverse customer needs while maintaining near m ass production efficiency, which is the main philosophy of mass customization. P roduct family design is research focus at present and also is the core technolog y of DFMC (design for mass customization). Firstly, this paper explores the fund amental issues of product family, such as concepts of modularity, commonality/di versity, product platform and product family architecture etc. We compare the te rminology between product family and object-oriented approach in the next step. Thirdly, this paper puts forwards one product family design methodology based o n product platform and under different phase of product life cycle constrains, f or example, functional, assembly and service etc. At the end section of this pap er, we applied, the object-oriented approach in above mentioned product family design methodology to realize the design process. In one word, this paper propos ed one product family design methodology based on object oriented approach and p roduct life cycle consideration, especially the conjointness of characteristic o f OOA and concepts of product family. The main property of OOA are encapsulation , inherence and polymorphism. Encapsulation can represent the module or building blocks of product family. Inherence can be extended to describe the modularity and commonality, and also be used to construct variant space. Alternative specif ic of product family architecture can be embodied with polymorphism. And fin aly, we give the future work contents. In order to derive the product platform a nd achieve modularity and commonality/diversity, interface management between bu ilding block is necessary. The question is how the OOA can be applied in interfa ce management to get our aim OOA is the basis of many information management sy stem, then the question is how to build one system to manage the information of product family and support mass customization The third question is how to deve lop one computer aided tool to facilitate the application of OOA for product fam ily design, even be used to category of design for mass customization.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (No. 69831020).
文摘A scheme for general purposed FDTD visual scientific computing software is introduced in this paper using object-oriented design (OOD) method. By abstracting the parameters of FDTD grids to an individual class and separating from the iteration procedure, the visual software can be adapted to more comprehensive computing problems. Real-time gray degree graphic and wave curve of the results can be achieved using DirectX technique. The special difference equation and data structure in dispersive medium are considered, and the peculiarity of parameters in perfectly matched layer are also discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinaunder Grant Nos.9061201190412011+1 种基金60403030(国家自然科学基金)the National Basic Research Program of Chinaunder Grant No.2005CB321800(国家重点基础研究发展计划(973))
