P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)(NNMO)is promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high specific capacity and fast Na+diffusion rate.Nonetheless,the irreversible P2-O_(2)phase transformati...P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)(NNMO)is promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high specific capacity and fast Na+diffusion rate.Nonetheless,the irreversible P2-O_(2)phase transformation,Na+/vacancy ordering,and transition metal(TM)dissolution seriously damage its cycling stability and restrict its commercialization process.Herein,Na occupation manipulation and interface stabilization are proposed to strengthen the phase structure of NNMO by synergistic Zn/Ti co-doping and introducing lithium difluorophosp(LiPO_(2)F_(2))film-forming electrolyte additive.The Zn/Ti co-doping regulates the occupancy ratio of Nae/Nafat Na sites and disorganizes the Na+/vacancy ordering,resulting in a faster Na+diffusion kinetics and reversible P2-Z phase transition for P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.28)Zn_(0.05)Mn_(0.62)Ti_(0.05)O_(2)(NNZMTO).Meanwhile,the LiPO_(2)F_(2)additive can form homogeneous and ultrathin cathode-electrolyte interphase(CEI)on NNZMTO surface,which can stabilize the NNZMTO-electrolyte interface to prevent TM dissolution,surface structure transformation,and micro-crack generation.Combination studies of in situ and ex situ characterizations and theoretical calculations were used to elucidate the storage mechanism of NNZMTO with Li PO_(2)F_(2)additive.As a result,the NNZMTO displays outstanding capacity retention of 94.44%after 500 cycles at 1C with 0.3 wt%Li PO_(2)F_(2),excellent rate performance of 92.5 mA h g^(-1)at 8C with 0.1 wt%Li PO_(2)F_(2),and remarkable full cell capability.This work highlights the important role of manipulating Na occupation and constructing protective film in the design of layered materials,which provides a promising direction for developing high-performance cathodes for SIBs.展开更多
With the rapid development of emergency medicine,emergency physicians are working around the clock,[1]including additional workloads due to sudden public health emergencies and disasters.Occupational risks for emergen...With the rapid development of emergency medicine,emergency physicians are working around the clock,[1]including additional workloads due to sudden public health emergencies and disasters.Occupational risks for emergency physicians are significantly high due to an increasing number of patients with acute and severe diseases,an increased workload.展开更多
This study explored occupational English blended teaching mode for adult learners,and introduced the six steps and characteristics in a vocational institute.
Recent advances in on-board radar and missile capabilities,combined with individual payload limitations,have led to increased interest in the use of unmanned combat aerial vehicles(UCAVs)for cooperative occupation dur...Recent advances in on-board radar and missile capabilities,combined with individual payload limitations,have led to increased interest in the use of unmanned combat aerial vehicles(UCAVs)for cooperative occupation during beyond-visual-range(BVR)air combat.However,prior research on occupational decision-making in BVR air combat has mostly been limited to one-on-one scenarios.As such,this study presents a practical cooperative occupation decision-making methodology for use with multiple UCAVs.The weapon engagement zone(WEZ)and combat geometry were first used to develop an advantage function for situational assessment of one-on-one engagement.An encircling advantage function was then designed to represent the cooperation of UCAVs,thereby establishing a cooperative occupation model.The corresponding objective function was derived from the one-on-one engagement advantage function and the encircling advantage function.The resulting model exhibited similarities to a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)problem.As such,an improved discrete particle swarm optimization(DPSO)algorithm was used to identify a solution.The occupation process was then converted into a formation switching task as part of the cooperative occupation model.A series of simulations were conducted to verify occupational solutions in varying situations,including two-on-two engagement.Simulated results showed these solutions varied with initial conditions and weighting coefficients.This occupation process,based on formation switching,effectively demonstrates the viability of the proposed technique.These cooperative occupation results could provide a theoretical framework for subsequent research in cooperative BVR air combat.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the occupational protection status of clinical nursing staff vocationally exposed to anti-tumor drugs.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey 180 clinical nursing staff vocati...Objective:To investigate the occupational protection status of clinical nursing staff vocationally exposed to anti-tumor drugs.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey 180 clinical nursing staff vocationally exposed to anti-tumor drugs.Results:Recognition of the need for protection and dependent occupational protection behaviors were very poor in clinical nursing staff vocationally exposed to anti-tumor drugs.The management of the occupational protection of clinical nursing staff vocationally exposed to anti-tumor drugs was also seriously underdeveloped.Conclusion:There is deficiency in the understanding and related protection practices of clinical nursing staff vocationally exposed to anti-tumor drugs in our hospital.The protection measures currently employed in medical practice are inadequate in virtually every aspect considered.It is recommended that all clinical nursing staff should receive full occupational protection training in these matters.The training must raise nursing staff's awareness of the need for occupational protection and standardize their occupational protection behaviors to conform to "best practice" models.These "best practice" models should be quickly established and all staff made cognizant of them forthwith.In addition,where occupational protection systems are already in place,they should be improved to come into line with the new "best practice" models instigated.展开更多
The effects of La doping on the ferroelectric properties of 0.92Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.08BaTiO3（NBT-BT） solid solution have been studied both experimentally and theoretically.The experimental results show that an abnormal...The effects of La doping on the ferroelectric properties of 0.92Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.08BaTiO3（NBT-BT） solid solution have been studied both experimentally and theoretically.The experimental results show that an abnormal ferro-toantiferroelectric phase transition is induced by La doping in NBT-BT.The first-principles calculations indicate that La3＋ cations selectively substitute for the A site in NBT-BT as donors.Furthermore,the computed binding energy reveals that La cations is most likely to substitute Ba^ 2＋or Na^＋,not Bi^3＋,at A site as donors in NBT-BT,as supported by our Raman spectra.The ferro-to-antiferroelectric phase transition of La-doped NBT-BT is believed to originate from the lattice aberrance and redistribution of valence electrons,thus strengthening the bonding of A-O,enhancing the hybridization between the A cation d orbital and O 2p orbital,and resulting in the deflection of the polar direction of NBT-BT lattice.展开更多
This paper is a surve of the development and current state of occupational health andsafety in Chinese forestry and a general introduction to the administrative system and structure ofworking health and safety in the ...This paper is a surve of the development and current state of occupational health andsafety in Chinese forestry and a general introduction to the administrative system and structure ofworking health and safety in the Chinese forestry system.It also describes some accomplishments ofthe administrative units of forestry occupatiomal safety in recent decades and the important roles ofinvestigation and research in forestry accidents.Some suggestions and schemes for developing scientif-ic research on occupational health and safety its application in forestry production are presented.展开更多
This paper investigates the property of super-Brownian motion conditioned on non-extinction. The authors obtain a representation of Laplace functional for the weighted occupation time of this class of processes. By th...This paper investigates the property of super-Brownian motion conditioned on non-extinction. The authors obtain a representation of Laplace functional for the weighted occupation time of this class of processes. By this, they get a result about the distribution of the support of it.展开更多
Suppose X is a super-α-stable process in R^d, （0 〈 α〈 2）, whose branching rate function is dr, and branching mechanism is of the form ψ（z） = z^1＋β （0 〈0 〈β ≤1）. Let Xγ and Yγ denote the exit measur...Suppose X is a super-α-stable process in R^d, （0 〈 α〈 2）, whose branching rate function is dr, and branching mechanism is of the form ψ（z） = z^1＋β （0 〈0 〈β ≤1）. Let Xγ and Yγ denote the exit measure and the total weighted occupation time measure of X in a bounded smooth domain D, respectively. The absolute continuities of Xγ and Yγ are discussed.展开更多
Interface engineering is an effective and feasible method to regulate the magnetic anisotropy of films by altering interfacial states between films.Using the technique of pulsed laser deposition,we prepared La_(0.67)S...Interface engineering is an effective and feasible method to regulate the magnetic anisotropy of films by altering interfacial states between films.Using the technique of pulsed laser deposition,we prepared La_(0.67)Sr_(0.33)MnO_(3)(LSMO)and La_(0.67)Sr_(0.33)MnO_(3)/SrCoO_(2.5)(LSMO/SCO)films on(110)-oriented La_(0.3)Sr_(0.7)Al_(0.65)Ta_(0.35)O_(3) substrates.By covering the SCO film above the LSMO film,we transformed the easy magnetization axis of LSMO from the[001]axis to the[110]axis in the film plane.Based on statistical analyses,we find that the corresponding Mn-Mn ionic distances are different in the two types of LSMO films,causing different distortions of Mn-O octahedron in LSMO.In addition,it also induces diverse electronic occupation states in Mn^(3+)ions.The e_(g) electron of Mn^(3+)occupies 3z^(2)-r^(2) and x^(2)-y^(2) orbitals in the LSMO and LSMO/SCO,respectively.We conclude that the electronic spin reorientation leads to the transformation of the easy magnetization axis in the LSMO films.展开更多
Some properties of Super-Brownian motion have been approached by Dawson & Hochberg [1], Iscoe [2] & L3], Konno & Shiga [4] and so on. In this paper, we limit our attention to the occupation time processes ...Some properties of Super-Brownian motion have been approached by Dawson & Hochberg [1], Iscoe [2] & L3], Konno & Shiga [4] and so on. In this paper, we limit our attention to the occupation time processes of the Super-Brownian motion,and try to give an intuitive proof for their absolute continuity with respect to the Lebesgue measure on Rd (d≤3) when the initial measure of the Super-Brownian motion has the absolute continuity.展开更多
In India, traffic flow on roads is highly mixed in nature with wide variations in the static and dynamic characteristics of vehicles. At unsignalized intersections, vehicles generally do not follow lane discipline and...In India, traffic flow on roads is highly mixed in nature with wide variations in the static and dynamic characteristics of vehicles. At unsignalized intersections, vehicles generally do not follow lane discipline and ignore the rules of priority. Drivers generally become more aggressive and tend to cross the uncontrolled intersections without considering the conflicting traffic. All these conditions cause a very complex traffic situation at unsignal- ized intersections which have a great impact on the capacity and performance of traffic intersections. A new method called additive conflict flow （ACF） method is suitable to determine the capacity of unsignalized inter- sections in non-lane-based mixed traffic conditions as prevailing in India. Occupation time is the key parameter for ACF method, which is defined as the time spent by a vehicle in the conflict area at the intersection. Data for this study were collected at two three-legged unsignalized intersections （one is uncontrolled and other one is semi- controlled） in Mangalore city, India using video-graphic technique during peak periods on three consecutive week days. The occupation time of vehicles at these intersections were studied and compared. The data on conflicting traffic volume and occupation time by each subject vehicle at the conflict area were extracted from the videos using image processing software. The subject vehicles were divided into three categories： two wheelers,cars, and auto-rickshaws. Mathematical relationships were developed to relate the occupation time of different cate- gories of vehicles with the conflicting flow of vehicles for various movements at both the intersections. It was found that occupation time increases with the increasing con- flicting traffic and observed to be higher at the uncontrolled intersection compared to the semicontrolled intersec- tion. The segregated turning movements and the presence of mini roundabout at the semicontrolled intersection reduces the conflicts of vehicular movements, which ulti- mately reduces the occupation time. The proposed methodology will be useful to determine the occupation time for various movements at unsignalized intersections. The models developed in the study can be used by practitioners and traffic engineers to estimate the capacity of unsignalized intersections in non-lane-based discipline and mixed traffic conditions.展开更多
Men and women participate in many social activities through professional roles.The main content of this study is the occupation development gender equality,which is a recessive change of quantity.Therefore,we cannot c...Men and women participate in many social activities through professional roles.The main content of this study is the occupation development gender equality,which is a recessive change of quantity.Therefore,we cannot concretely measure it to some extent,but through the structure square distance model and employees' feeling about the process,we can reflect its difference.The results of studying the feelings of male and female employees show that the gender equality is a problem,and there is a difference for men and women in career development.展开更多
Farmland occupation tax that went into effect as early as in 1987 is found incompatible with the new situation as a result of Chinese rapid economic growth.A lower tax rate of farmland occupied for either textile prod...Farmland occupation tax that went into effect as early as in 1987 is found incompatible with the new situation as a result of Chinese rapid economic growth.A lower tax rate of farmland occupied for either textile production or and any industrial production for the good of foreign investors finishes with the start of the new year.All domestic and foreign companies are in the list of tax payers with the new Interim Regulations.The source from the State Administration of Taxation reveals the details in an interview.展开更多
The composition and temperature dependences of site occupation for Al, Cr, W, and Nb in MSi2 are investigated by using a thermodynamics model and first principles calculations. A simple parameter measuring the substit...The composition and temperature dependences of site occupation for Al, Cr, W, and Nb in MSi2 are investigated by using a thermodynamics model and first principles calculations. A simple parameter measuring the substitution energy difference between Si and Mo sites reflects the nature of site occupancy. At 0 K, these elements prefer Si sites in Mo-rich and Mo sites in Si-rich, and show no site preference in stoichiometric MoSi2. At elevated temperature, the site occupation behaviors show strong dependence on both composition and temperature. Some calculated results have been certified in previous experiments.展开更多
Ni-Fe-based catalysts are considered to be among the most active catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)under alkaline conditions,with Fe playing a crucial role.However,Fe leaching occurs during the reaction ...Ni-Fe-based catalysts are considered to be among the most active catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)under alkaline conditions,with Fe playing a crucial role.However,Fe leaching occurs during the reaction due to thermodynamic instability,which has resulted in conflicting reports within the literature regarding its role.To clarify this point,we propose a strategy consisting of modulating the electronic orbital occupancy to suppress the extensive loss of Fe atoms during the OER process.Theoretical calculations,in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,molecular dynamics simulations,and a series of characterization showed that the stable presence of Fe not only accelerates the electron transfer process but also optimizes the reaction barriers of the oxygen evolution intermediates,promoting the phase transition of Fe_(5)Ni_(4)S_(8)to highly active catalytic species.The modulated Fe_(5)Ni_(4)S_(8)-based pre-catalysts exhibit improved OER activity and long-term durability.This study provides a novel perspective for understanding the role of Fe in the OER process.展开更多
In this article, a threshold dividend strategy is used for classical risk model. Under this dividend strategy, certain probability of ruin, which occurs in case of constant barrier strategy, is avoided. Using the stro...In this article, a threshold dividend strategy is used for classical risk model. Under this dividend strategy, certain probability of ruin, which occurs in case of constant barrier strategy, is avoided. Using the strong Markov property of the surplus process and the distribution of the deficit in classical risk model, the survival probability for this model is derived, which is more direct than that in Asmussen（2000, P195, Proposition 1.10）. The occupation time of non-dividend of this model is also discussed by means of Martingale method.展开更多
Background Caregivers play a pivotal role in providing care for mentally ill patients.Increase in caregiver burden can make them vulnerable to mental illness themselves.Aims We assessed the severity of burden of care ...Background Caregivers play a pivotal role in providing care for mentally ill patients.Increase in caregiver burden can make them vulnerable to mental illness themselves.Aims We assessed the severity of burden of care and its association with depression,anxiety and quality of life among caregivers of patients with alcohol use disorder(AUD)and schizophrenia.Methods This was an observational,cross-sectional,single-centred study of 50 consecutive caregivers of patients with AUD and schizophrenia.Participants were recruited from the psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital between January and June 2017.The caregivers were further assessed by demographic details,Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale for assessment of depression and anxiety,Zarit Burden Interview for assessment of caregiver burden and WHO Quality Of Life-BREF for assessment of quality of life.Statistical data were analysed using GraphPad InStat V.3.06(California).Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to identify the predictors of caregiver burden.Results Burden of care experienced by caregivers of patients with AUD is as high as that of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia(U=1142.5,p=0.46).Caregivers experiencing high burden of care are likely to have symptoms of anxiety(U=22,p<0.001),depression(U=32,p<0.001)and poor quality of life(U=84.5,p<0.001).Female caregivers are likely to experience higher burden of care(U=819.5,p=0.006).For caregivers of patients with schizophrenia,anxiety,environmental health,socioeconomic status and patients,occupation can predict burden of care,while for caregivers of patients with AUD,depression and environmental health can predict burden of care.Conclusion Our study suggests that caregivers of patients with AUD experience burden of care as high as that of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.Caregivers with high burden of care are more likely to have depression,anxiety and poor quality of life.Trial registration number CTRI/2017/03/008224.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023MB017,ZR2021QB055,ZR2020QB014,ZR2022JQ10)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21901146,220781792,52007110)the Taishan Scholar Foundation (tsqn201812063)。
文摘P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)(NNMO)is promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high specific capacity and fast Na+diffusion rate.Nonetheless,the irreversible P2-O_(2)phase transformation,Na+/vacancy ordering,and transition metal(TM)dissolution seriously damage its cycling stability and restrict its commercialization process.Herein,Na occupation manipulation and interface stabilization are proposed to strengthen the phase structure of NNMO by synergistic Zn/Ti co-doping and introducing lithium difluorophosp(LiPO_(2)F_(2))film-forming electrolyte additive.The Zn/Ti co-doping regulates the occupancy ratio of Nae/Nafat Na sites and disorganizes the Na+/vacancy ordering,resulting in a faster Na+diffusion kinetics and reversible P2-Z phase transition for P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.28)Zn_(0.05)Mn_(0.62)Ti_(0.05)O_(2)(NNZMTO).Meanwhile,the LiPO_(2)F_(2)additive can form homogeneous and ultrathin cathode-electrolyte interphase(CEI)on NNZMTO surface,which can stabilize the NNZMTO-electrolyte interface to prevent TM dissolution,surface structure transformation,and micro-crack generation.Combination studies of in situ and ex situ characterizations and theoretical calculations were used to elucidate the storage mechanism of NNZMTO with Li PO_(2)F_(2)additive.As a result,the NNZMTO displays outstanding capacity retention of 94.44%after 500 cycles at 1C with 0.3 wt%Li PO_(2)F_(2),excellent rate performance of 92.5 mA h g^(-1)at 8C with 0.1 wt%Li PO_(2)F_(2),and remarkable full cell capability.This work highlights the important role of manipulating Na occupation and constructing protective film in the design of layered materials,which provides a promising direction for developing high-performance cathodes for SIBs.
基金Beijing Key Specialized Department for Major Epidemic Prevention and Control (Construction Project)National Major Science and Technology Projects (2017ZX10305501)Beijing Social Science Foundation Planning Project (17SRC019)。
文摘With the rapid development of emergency medicine,emergency physicians are working around the clock,[1]including additional workloads due to sudden public health emergencies and disasters.Occupational risks for emergency physicians are significantly high due to an increasing number of patients with acute and severe diseases,an increased workload.
文摘This study explored occupational English blended teaching mode for adult learners,and introduced the six steps and characteristics in a vocational institute.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61573286)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.20180753006)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102019ZDHKY07)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2020JQ-218)the Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Flight Control and Simulation Technology。
文摘Recent advances in on-board radar and missile capabilities,combined with individual payload limitations,have led to increased interest in the use of unmanned combat aerial vehicles(UCAVs)for cooperative occupation during beyond-visual-range(BVR)air combat.However,prior research on occupational decision-making in BVR air combat has mostly been limited to one-on-one scenarios.As such,this study presents a practical cooperative occupation decision-making methodology for use with multiple UCAVs.The weapon engagement zone(WEZ)and combat geometry were first used to develop an advantage function for situational assessment of one-on-one engagement.An encircling advantage function was then designed to represent the cooperation of UCAVs,thereby establishing a cooperative occupation model.The corresponding objective function was derived from the one-on-one engagement advantage function and the encircling advantage function.The resulting model exhibited similarities to a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)problem.As such,an improved discrete particle swarm optimization(DPSO)algorithm was used to identify a solution.The occupation process was then converted into a formation switching task as part of the cooperative occupation model.A series of simulations were conducted to verify occupational solutions in varying situations,including two-on-two engagement.Simulated results showed these solutions varied with initial conditions and weighting coefficients.This occupation process,based on formation switching,effectively demonstrates the viability of the proposed technique.These cooperative occupation results could provide a theoretical framework for subsequent research in cooperative BVR air combat.
文摘Objective:To investigate the occupational protection status of clinical nursing staff vocationally exposed to anti-tumor drugs.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey 180 clinical nursing staff vocationally exposed to anti-tumor drugs.Results:Recognition of the need for protection and dependent occupational protection behaviors were very poor in clinical nursing staff vocationally exposed to anti-tumor drugs.The management of the occupational protection of clinical nursing staff vocationally exposed to anti-tumor drugs was also seriously underdeveloped.Conclusion:There is deficiency in the understanding and related protection practices of clinical nursing staff vocationally exposed to anti-tumor drugs in our hospital.The protection measures currently employed in medical practice are inadequate in virtually every aspect considered.It is recommended that all clinical nursing staff should receive full occupational protection training in these matters.The training must raise nursing staff's awareness of the need for occupational protection and standardize their occupational protection behaviors to conform to "best practice" models.These "best practice" models should be quickly established and all staff made cognizant of them forthwith.In addition,where occupational protection systems are already in place,they should be improved to come into line with the new "best practice" models instigated.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51202007,11274029,11074017,51072008,and 51172006)
文摘The effects of La doping on the ferroelectric properties of 0.92Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.08BaTiO3（NBT-BT） solid solution have been studied both experimentally and theoretically.The experimental results show that an abnormal ferro-toantiferroelectric phase transition is induced by La doping in NBT-BT.The first-principles calculations indicate that La3＋ cations selectively substitute for the A site in NBT-BT as donors.Furthermore,the computed binding energy reveals that La cations is most likely to substitute Ba^ 2＋or Na^＋,not Bi^3＋,at A site as donors in NBT-BT,as supported by our Raman spectra.The ferro-to-antiferroelectric phase transition of La-doped NBT-BT is believed to originate from the lattice aberrance and redistribution of valence electrons,thus strengthening the bonding of A-O,enhancing the hybridization between the A cation d orbital and O 2p orbital,and resulting in the deflection of the polar direction of NBT-BT lattice.
文摘This paper is a surve of the development and current state of occupational health andsafety in Chinese forestry and a general introduction to the administrative system and structure ofworking health and safety in the Chinese forestry system.It also describes some accomplishments ofthe administrative units of forestry occupatiomal safety in recent decades and the important roles ofinvestigation and research in forestry accidents.Some suggestions and schemes for developing scientif-ic research on occupational health and safety its application in forestry production are presented.
文摘This paper investigates the property of super-Brownian motion conditioned on non-extinction. The authors obtain a representation of Laplace functional for the weighted occupation time of this class of processes. By this, they get a result about the distribution of the support of it.
基金Supported by NNSF of China (10001020 and 10471003), Foundation for Authors Awarded Excellent Ph.D.Dissertation
文摘Suppose X is a super-α-stable process in R^d, （0 〈 α〈 2）, whose branching rate function is dr, and branching mechanism is of the form ψ（z） = z^1＋β （0 〈0 〈β ≤1）. Let Xγ and Yγ denote the exit measure and the total weighted occupation time measure of X in a bounded smooth domain D, respectively. The absolute continuities of Xγ and Yγ are discussed.
基金the National Key Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFA0206200,2016YFA0300701,and2018YFA0208402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11934017,11874413,11574376,and 51972333)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB33030200)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2019009)。
文摘Interface engineering is an effective and feasible method to regulate the magnetic anisotropy of films by altering interfacial states between films.Using the technique of pulsed laser deposition,we prepared La_(0.67)Sr_(0.33)MnO_(3)(LSMO)and La_(0.67)Sr_(0.33)MnO_(3)/SrCoO_(2.5)(LSMO/SCO)films on(110)-oriented La_(0.3)Sr_(0.7)Al_(0.65)Ta_(0.35)O_(3) substrates.By covering the SCO film above the LSMO film,we transformed the easy magnetization axis of LSMO from the[001]axis to the[110]axis in the film plane.Based on statistical analyses,we find that the corresponding Mn-Mn ionic distances are different in the two types of LSMO films,causing different distortions of Mn-O octahedron in LSMO.In addition,it also induces diverse electronic occupation states in Mn^(3+)ions.The e_(g) electron of Mn^(3+)occupies 3z^(2)-r^(2) and x^(2)-y^(2) orbitals in the LSMO and LSMO/SCO,respectively.We conclude that the electronic spin reorientation leads to the transformation of the easy magnetization axis in the LSMO films.
文摘Some properties of Super-Brownian motion have been approached by Dawson & Hochberg [1], Iscoe [2] & L3], Konno & Shiga [4] and so on. In this paper, we limit our attention to the occupation time processes of the Super-Brownian motion,and try to give an intuitive proof for their absolute continuity with respect to the Lebesgue measure on Rd (d≤3) when the initial measure of the Super-Brownian motion has the absolute continuity.
文摘In India, traffic flow on roads is highly mixed in nature with wide variations in the static and dynamic characteristics of vehicles. At unsignalized intersections, vehicles generally do not follow lane discipline and ignore the rules of priority. Drivers generally become more aggressive and tend to cross the uncontrolled intersections without considering the conflicting traffic. All these conditions cause a very complex traffic situation at unsignal- ized intersections which have a great impact on the capacity and performance of traffic intersections. A new method called additive conflict flow （ACF） method is suitable to determine the capacity of unsignalized inter- sections in non-lane-based mixed traffic conditions as prevailing in India. Occupation time is the key parameter for ACF method, which is defined as the time spent by a vehicle in the conflict area at the intersection. Data for this study were collected at two three-legged unsignalized intersections （one is uncontrolled and other one is semi- controlled） in Mangalore city, India using video-graphic technique during peak periods on three consecutive week days. The occupation time of vehicles at these intersections were studied and compared. The data on conflicting traffic volume and occupation time by each subject vehicle at the conflict area were extracted from the videos using image processing software. The subject vehicles were divided into three categories： two wheelers,cars, and auto-rickshaws. Mathematical relationships were developed to relate the occupation time of different cate- gories of vehicles with the conflicting flow of vehicles for various movements at both the intersections. It was found that occupation time increases with the increasing con- flicting traffic and observed to be higher at the uncontrolled intersection compared to the semicontrolled intersec- tion. The segregated turning movements and the presence of mini roundabout at the semicontrolled intersection reduces the conflicts of vehicular movements, which ulti- mately reduces the occupation time. The proposed methodology will be useful to determine the occupation time for various movements at unsignalized intersections. The models developed in the study can be used by practitioners and traffic engineers to estimate the capacity of unsignalized intersections in non-lane-based discipline and mixed traffic conditions.
文摘Men and women participate in many social activities through professional roles.The main content of this study is the occupation development gender equality,which is a recessive change of quantity.Therefore,we cannot concretely measure it to some extent,but through the structure square distance model and employees' feeling about the process,we can reflect its difference.The results of studying the feelings of male and female employees show that the gender equality is a problem,and there is a difference for men and women in career development.
文摘Farmland occupation tax that went into effect as early as in 1987 is found incompatible with the new situation as a result of Chinese rapid economic growth.A lower tax rate of farmland occupied for either textile production or and any industrial production for the good of foreign investors finishes with the start of the new year.All domestic and foreign companies are in the list of tax payers with the new Interim Regulations.The source from the State Administration of Taxation reveals the details in an interview.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51401093)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20130233)
文摘The composition and temperature dependences of site occupation for Al, Cr, W, and Nb in MSi2 are investigated by using a thermodynamics model and first principles calculations. A simple parameter measuring the substitution energy difference between Si and Mo sites reflects the nature of site occupancy. At 0 K, these elements prefer Si sites in Mo-rich and Mo sites in Si-rich, and show no site preference in stoichiometric MoSi2. At elevated temperature, the site occupation behaviors show strong dependence on both composition and temperature. Some calculated results have been certified in previous experiments.
基金financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Development Program of Jilin Province(20220201138GX)the support of the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1503801)+1 种基金CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(No.YSBR-022)the Young Cross Team Project of CAS(No.JCTD-2021-14)。
文摘Ni-Fe-based catalysts are considered to be among the most active catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)under alkaline conditions,with Fe playing a crucial role.However,Fe leaching occurs during the reaction due to thermodynamic instability,which has resulted in conflicting reports within the literature regarding its role.To clarify this point,we propose a strategy consisting of modulating the electronic orbital occupancy to suppress the extensive loss of Fe atoms during the OER process.Theoretical calculations,in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,molecular dynamics simulations,and a series of characterization showed that the stable presence of Fe not only accelerates the electron transfer process but also optimizes the reaction barriers of the oxygen evolution intermediates,promoting the phase transition of Fe_(5)Ni_(4)S_(8)to highly active catalytic species.The modulated Fe_(5)Ni_(4)S_(8)-based pre-catalysts exhibit improved OER activity and long-term durability.This study provides a novel perspective for understanding the role of Fe in the OER process.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10571092)the major program of Key Research Institute of HumanitiesSocial Sciences at Universities(04JJD790006).
文摘In this article, a threshold dividend strategy is used for classical risk model. Under this dividend strategy, certain probability of ruin, which occurs in case of constant barrier strategy, is avoided. Using the strong Markov property of the surplus process and the distribution of the deficit in classical risk model, the survival probability for this model is derived, which is more direct than that in Asmussen（2000, P195, Proposition 1.10）. The occupation time of non-dividend of this model is also discussed by means of Martingale method.
文摘Background Caregivers play a pivotal role in providing care for mentally ill patients.Increase in caregiver burden can make them vulnerable to mental illness themselves.Aims We assessed the severity of burden of care and its association with depression,anxiety and quality of life among caregivers of patients with alcohol use disorder(AUD)and schizophrenia.Methods This was an observational,cross-sectional,single-centred study of 50 consecutive caregivers of patients with AUD and schizophrenia.Participants were recruited from the psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital between January and June 2017.The caregivers were further assessed by demographic details,Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale for assessment of depression and anxiety,Zarit Burden Interview for assessment of caregiver burden and WHO Quality Of Life-BREF for assessment of quality of life.Statistical data were analysed using GraphPad InStat V.3.06(California).Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to identify the predictors of caregiver burden.Results Burden of care experienced by caregivers of patients with AUD is as high as that of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia(U=1142.5,p=0.46).Caregivers experiencing high burden of care are likely to have symptoms of anxiety(U=22,p<0.001),depression(U=32,p<0.001)and poor quality of life(U=84.5,p<0.001).Female caregivers are likely to experience higher burden of care(U=819.5,p=0.006).For caregivers of patients with schizophrenia,anxiety,environmental health,socioeconomic status and patients,occupation can predict burden of care,while for caregivers of patients with AUD,depression and environmental health can predict burden of care.Conclusion Our study suggests that caregivers of patients with AUD experience burden of care as high as that of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.Caregivers with high burden of care are more likely to have depression,anxiety and poor quality of life.Trial registration number CTRI/2017/03/008224.
