One hundred and forty-four Avin broilers (1 d of age) were randomly divided into six groups, with three replicates of eight birds each to study on the effects of different oligosaccharides on performance and availabil...One hundred and forty-four Avin broilers (1 d of age) were randomly divided into six groups, with three replicates of eight birds each to study on the effects of different oligosaccharides on performance and availability of nutrients in broilers. The control group(Group I)was fed with corn-soybean meal as basal diet, and the trial groups (Group II, III, IV,V and VI) were fed with basal diet plus 0.1% Manoligosaccharides(MOS), 0.3% Soybean-Oligosaccharides(SBOS), 0.3% Fructo-oligosaccharides(FOS), 0.3% α-Glucooligosaccharides(α-GOS) and 50 mg·L-1 Chlortetracycline(CTC), respectively. The results showed that the supplementation of oligosaccharides slightly improved daily gain and feed intake. SBOS supplementation improved, but MOS and α-GOS significantly decreased availability of energy. Oligosaccharides supplementation improved availability of energy, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron, and significantly increased cholesterol content of fecal, and did not affect on availability of protein and cholesterol contents in serum and muscle. Availability of phosphorus of broilers fed with FOS was much higher than that with α-GOS. SBOS supplementation remarkably increased availability of iron.展开更多
On the basis of Artificial Neural Network theory, a back propagation neural network with one middle layer is building in this paper, and its algorithms is also given, Using this BP network model, study the case of Mal...On the basis of Artificial Neural Network theory, a back propagation neural network with one middle layer is building in this paper, and its algorithms is also given, Using this BP network model, study the case of Malian-River basin. The results by calculating show that the solution based on BP algorithms are consis- tent with those based multiple - variables linear regression model. They also indicate that BP model in this paper is reasonable and BP algorithms are feasible.展开更多
Artemisia argyi is a traditional Chinese herb,which is widely distributed in various areas in China.In recent years,due to the development of A.argyi related industries and the continuous improvement of people’s heal...Artemisia argyi is a traditional Chinese herb,which is widely distributed in various areas in China.In recent years,due to the development of A.argyi related industries and the continuous improvement of people’s health awareness,experts and scholars are concerned about the nutrients and effects of A.argyi.A.argyi is rich in carbohydrates,proteins,essential amino acids,fatty acids,minerals,vitamins,dietary fibers,flavonoids and other nutrients.It has the effects of antioxidant,anti-tumor,antibacterial,antiinflammatory,neuroprotection and immune regulations,and has been widely applied in the fields of COVID-19 prevention,food health care,food preservation and feed breeding,and has good development potential.This review summarized the research and application of A.argyi nutrients,in order to provide reference and application for further study.展开更多
This paper reports results of a study conducted to investigate the concentrations of seven mineral elements in yak blood, forage and water resources around the Qinghai Lake in Qinghai Province in different seasons. Me...This paper reports results of a study conducted to investigate the concentrations of seven mineral elements in yak blood, forage and water resources around the Qinghai Lake in Qinghai Province in different seasons. Meanwhile, the nutritional compositions of the forage were also surveyed. The results suggest that the mineral elements and the forage nutrients change in a seasonal pattern. In yak blood,the sodium(Na)concentration varies from 0.291 to 0.034 mg/mL,and this is lower than the normal value. In the forage,the ratio calcium(Ca)to phosphorus(P)is 4.06～7.47:1 and potassium(K)to Na 30～27:1. These results indicate that the nutrition of the yak in the area is deficient in Na but high in K. For the withered forage sampled in February,the protein content is only 31.14% of the total protein in the forage growing at puerile stage in June. The severe loss of protein by 68. 9% and decrease of effective nutrients in the wintered forage are considered to be the reasons resulting in the poor condition of yak in winter and spring seasons.展开更多
To determine the effects of preharvest arginine spraying on the nutritional level of broccoli and the mechanism of action of arginine in improving the storage quality of broccoli,arginine spraying(5 mmol/L)was conduct...To determine the effects of preharvest arginine spraying on the nutritional level of broccoli and the mechanism of action of arginine in improving the storage quality of broccoli,arginine spraying(5 mmol/L)was conducted at 0,1,3,and 5 days before harvest.The appearance,respiration rate,mass-loss rate,electrolyte leakage,glucosinolate,ascorbic acid,total phenol,total flavonoid,total sugar and sucrose contents,and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),invertase(INV),sucrose synthase synthesis(SSS)and cleavage(SSC)activities of broccoli samples were observed after 0,2,4,6,8,and 10 days of storage.The results showed that spraying arginine at 5 days preharvest(5-ARG)helped to inhibit broccoli respiration during storage,delay electrolyte leakage,and maintain broccoli color.Furthermore,during the growth stage,total sugar accumulation was higher in the 5-ARG group.In addition,during the storage period,sucrose synthesis was accelerated,while sucrose cleavage was inhibited,resulting in more sucrose retention in postharvest broccoli.In conclusion,5-ARG resulted in the accumulation of more nutrients during the growth process and effectively delayed the quality decline during storage,thereby prolonging the shelf life of broccoli.Therefore,this study provides a theoretical basis for improving postharvest storage characteristics of broccoli through preharvest treatments.展开更多
Background The intensive use of herbicides in agriculture raises concerns about their residual impacts on non-target crops such as cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.),which is often rotated with cereals,sugar beet,and canol...Background The intensive use of herbicides in agriculture raises concerns about their residual impacts on non-target crops such as cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.),which is often rotated with cereals,sugar beet,and canola.Butisanstar(BUT)and clopyralid(CLO)are widely used for broadleaf weed control in these rotations.However,how residual herbicide activity influences cotton growth and development is not well understood.This study evaluated these residual effects by measuring multiple growth parameters in a greenhouse.Cotton was grown for 40 days in soil incubated for 90 days with herbicide treatments arranged in a factorial design(type:BUT,CLO,and their combination;dose:0,1/2,1,2,and 5×recommended field dose[RFD]).Results Herbicide residues reduced cotton growth in a dose-dependent manner,with greater inhibition at higher doses.The combined BUT+CLO treatment produced the strongest negative effects,followed by CLO and then BUT alone.Compared with controls,seedling emergence declined by 12%–83%,root length by 12%–87%,plant height by 10%–84%,and chlorophyll index by 12%–80%across treatments from 1/2×RFD BUT to 5×RFD BUT+CLO.Root and shoot biomass also decreased significantly.Under the 5×RFD combined treatment,shoot N,P,and K concentrations dropped by 48%,78%,and 70%,respectively,relative to the control.Conclusions Even low levels of residual BUT and CLO impair cotton growth.To mitigate these effects,it should avoid planting cotton on recently treated soils,leave sufficient intervals between herbicide application and cotton planting,and apply soil amendments to boost microbial degradation.These measures are essential for sustaining soil health and cotton productivity.展开更多
小规模农业生产易于出现不合理施肥导致的肥料利用率低等问题,严重影响到生态环境和农业可持续发展。研究建立适合我国小农户集约化农业生产特点且科学轻简的养分推荐方法尤为重要。中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所会同全国39...小规模农业生产易于出现不合理施肥导致的肥料利用率低等问题,严重影响到生态环境和农业可持续发展。研究建立适合我国小农户集约化农业生产特点且科学轻简的养分推荐方法尤为重要。中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所会同全国39个土壤肥料研究团队,研发了适合我国农业生态条件和种植体系的基于产量反应和农学效率的作物推荐施肥方法。该方法在汇总分析全国各作物主产区开展的肥料田间试验的基础上,建立了包含作物产量反应、农学效率及养分吸收与利用等信息的数据库。采用QUEFTS(quantitative evaluation of the fertility of tropical soils)模型模拟作物养分吸收,同时对数据库中土壤基础养分供应、作物农学效率与产量反应进行相关分析,建立基于产量反应和农学效率的作物推荐施肥模型。在此基础上,借助计算机技术和智能云计算,研发了“养分专家系统”(简称NE系统),用户只需提供种植地块的一些基本信息,如往年农民习惯措施下的作物产量、施肥历史、有机无机肥料投入以及秸秆还田情况,NE系统就能给出基于该地块的个性化施肥方案。NE系统在推荐施肥中除了考虑土壤基础地力外,还考虑了上季作物养分残效和秸秆还田带入的养分,以及作物轮作体系和有机肥施用情况等,提出的推荐施肥方案符合4R养分管理策略(最佳肥料品种、最佳用量、最佳施用时间和最佳施用位置),同时兼顾施肥的农学、经济和环境效应。多点田间验证试验证实,NE系统推荐施肥兼顾科学性和实用性,且易于掌握,是一种能够保障作物增产增收、提高肥料利用率和保护环境的科学推荐施肥方法。展开更多
当前农民过量和不平衡施用化肥现象严重,导致肥料利用率降低,影响到农田的可持续利用。因此,发展适合我国农业生产特点的养分管理和施肥方法尤为重要。本文介绍了基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥新方法,该方法是以改进的SSNM(Site...当前农民过量和不平衡施用化肥现象严重,导致肥料利用率降低,影响到农田的可持续利用。因此,发展适合我国农业生产特点的养分管理和施肥方法尤为重要。本文介绍了基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥新方法,该方法是以改进的SSNM(Site-specific Nutrient Management)和改进的QUEFTS(Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils)模型参数为指导的养分管理和推荐施肥为原则,同时考虑大、中微量元素的全面平衡,并应用计算机软件技术把复杂和综合的养分管理原则智能化形成可为当地技术推广人员掌握的Nutrient Expert推荐施肥专家系统。Nutrient Expert推荐施肥专家系统在用户回答一些简单问题后就能给出基于作物栽培管理措施的推荐施肥套餐,包括作物种植密度、目标产量、推荐的养分用量及其可选用的物化的肥料用量,同时根据预知的作物生长季节推荐施肥的最佳时间和次数。通过跨区域田间多点验证试验证明,基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法是一种简单的易于掌握的作物增产增收、提高肥料利用率和保护环境的新方法。展开更多
In this study,our recent work on advanced ion chromatographic methods for the simultaneous determination of inorganic ionic species such as common anions(SO2-4,Cl-and NO-3) and cations(Na+,NH+4,K+,Mg2+,and Ca2+),nutri...In this study,our recent work on advanced ion chromatographic methods for the simultaneous determination of inorganic ionic species such as common anions(SO2-4,Cl-and NO-3) and cations(Na+,NH+4,K+,Mg2+,and Ca2+),nutrients(phosphate and silicate) and hydrogen ion/alkalinity are summarized first.Then,the applications using these methods for monitoring environmental water quality are also presented.For the determination of common anions and cations with nutrients,the separation was successfully performed by a polymethacrylate-based weakly acidic cation-exchange column of TSKgel Super IC-A/C(Tosoh,150 mm×6.0 mm i.d.) and a mixture solution of 100 mmol/L ascorbic acid and 4 mmol/L 18-crown-6 as acidic eluent with dual detection of conductivity and spectrophotometry.For the determination of hydrogen ion/alkalinity,the separation was conducted by TSKgel ODS-100Z column(Tosoh,150 mm×4.5 mm i.d.) modified with lithium dodecylsulfate and an eluent of 40 mmol/L LiCl/0.1 mmol/L lithium dodecylsulfate/0.05 mmol/L H2SO4 with conductivity detector.The differences of ion concentration between untreated and treated wastewater showed the variation of ionic species during biological treatment process in a sewage treatment plant.Occurrence and distribution of water-quality conditions were related to the bioavailability and human activity in watershed.From these results,our advanced ion chromatographic methods have contributed significantly for water quality monitoring of environmental waters.展开更多
A unified ion-exclusion chromatography(IEC) system for monitoring anionic and cationic nutrients like NH + 4,NO 2,NO 3,phosphate ion,silicate ion and HCO 3 was developed and applied to several environmental waters.The...A unified ion-exclusion chromatography(IEC) system for monitoring anionic and cationic nutrients like NH + 4,NO 2,NO 3,phosphate ion,silicate ion and HCO 3 was developed and applied to several environmental waters.The IEC system consisted of four IEC methodologies,including the IEC with ultraviolet(UV) detection at 210 nm for determining NH + 4 on anion-exchange separation column in OH form connected with anion-exchange UV-conversion column in I form in tandem,the IEC with UV-detection at 210 nm for determining simultaneously NO 2 and NO 3 on cation-exchange separation column in H + form,the IEC with UV-detection at 210 nm for determining HCO 3 on cation-exchange separation column in H + form connected with anion-exchange UV-conversion column in I form in tandem,and the IEC with visible-detection based on molybdenum-blue reaction for determining simultaneously silicate and phosphate ions on cation-exchange separation column in H + form.These IEC systems were combined through three manually-driven 6-port column selection valves to select each separation column to determine selectively the ionic nutrients.Using this sequential water quality monitoring system,the analytical performances such as calibration linearity,reproducibility,detection limit and recovery were also tested under the optimized chromatographic conditions.This novel water quality monitoring system has been applied successfully for the determination of the ionic eutrophication components in sub-urban river waters.展开更多
文摘One hundred and forty-four Avin broilers (1 d of age) were randomly divided into six groups, with three replicates of eight birds each to study on the effects of different oligosaccharides on performance and availability of nutrients in broilers. The control group(Group I)was fed with corn-soybean meal as basal diet, and the trial groups (Group II, III, IV,V and VI) were fed with basal diet plus 0.1% Manoligosaccharides(MOS), 0.3% Soybean-Oligosaccharides(SBOS), 0.3% Fructo-oligosaccharides(FOS), 0.3% α-Glucooligosaccharides(α-GOS) and 50 mg·L-1 Chlortetracycline(CTC), respectively. The results showed that the supplementation of oligosaccharides slightly improved daily gain and feed intake. SBOS supplementation improved, but MOS and α-GOS significantly decreased availability of energy. Oligosaccharides supplementation improved availability of energy, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron, and significantly increased cholesterol content of fecal, and did not affect on availability of protein and cholesterol contents in serum and muscle. Availability of phosphorus of broilers fed with FOS was much higher than that with α-GOS. SBOS supplementation remarkably increased availability of iron.
基金Supported by Brilliant Youth Fund in Hebei Province
文摘On the basis of Artificial Neural Network theory, a back propagation neural network with one middle layer is building in this paper, and its algorithms is also given, Using this BP network model, study the case of Malian-River basin. The results by calculating show that the solution based on BP algorithms are consis- tent with those based multiple - variables linear regression model. They also indicate that BP model in this paper is reasonable and BP algorithms are feasible.
基金Supported by the Research on Scientific and Technological Innovation of Beef Cattle in Northeast Cold Region by Ministry of Education(002020010)。
文摘Artemisia argyi is a traditional Chinese herb,which is widely distributed in various areas in China.In recent years,due to the development of A.argyi related industries and the continuous improvement of people’s health awareness,experts and scholars are concerned about the nutrients and effects of A.argyi.A.argyi is rich in carbohydrates,proteins,essential amino acids,fatty acids,minerals,vitamins,dietary fibers,flavonoids and other nutrients.It has the effects of antioxidant,anti-tumor,antibacterial,antiinflammatory,neuroprotection and immune regulations,and has been widely applied in the fields of COVID-19 prevention,food health care,food preservation and feed breeding,and has good development potential.This review summarized the research and application of A.argyi nutrients,in order to provide reference and application for further study.
文摘This paper reports results of a study conducted to investigate the concentrations of seven mineral elements in yak blood, forage and water resources around the Qinghai Lake in Qinghai Province in different seasons. Meanwhile, the nutritional compositions of the forage were also surveyed. The results suggest that the mineral elements and the forage nutrients change in a seasonal pattern. In yak blood,the sodium(Na)concentration varies from 0.291 to 0.034 mg/mL,and this is lower than the normal value. In the forage,the ratio calcium(Ca)to phosphorus(P)is 4.06～7.47:1 and potassium(K)to Na 30～27:1. These results indicate that the nutrition of the yak in the area is deficient in Na but high in K. For the withered forage sampled in February,the protein content is only 31.14% of the total protein in the forage growing at puerile stage in June. The severe loss of protein by 68. 9% and decrease of effective nutrients in the wintered forage are considered to be the reasons resulting in the poor condition of yak in winter and spring seasons.
文摘To determine the effects of preharvest arginine spraying on the nutritional level of broccoli and the mechanism of action of arginine in improving the storage quality of broccoli,arginine spraying(5 mmol/L)was conducted at 0,1,3,and 5 days before harvest.The appearance,respiration rate,mass-loss rate,electrolyte leakage,glucosinolate,ascorbic acid,total phenol,total flavonoid,total sugar and sucrose contents,and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),invertase(INV),sucrose synthase synthesis(SSS)and cleavage(SSC)activities of broccoli samples were observed after 0,2,4,6,8,and 10 days of storage.The results showed that spraying arginine at 5 days preharvest(5-ARG)helped to inhibit broccoli respiration during storage,delay electrolyte leakage,and maintain broccoli color.Furthermore,during the growth stage,total sugar accumulation was higher in the 5-ARG group.In addition,during the storage period,sucrose synthesis was accelerated,while sucrose cleavage was inhibited,resulting in more sucrose retention in postharvest broccoli.In conclusion,5-ARG resulted in the accumulation of more nutrients during the growth process and effectively delayed the quality decline during storage,thereby prolonging the shelf life of broccoli.Therefore,this study provides a theoretical basis for improving postharvest storage characteristics of broccoli through preharvest treatments.
文摘Background The intensive use of herbicides in agriculture raises concerns about their residual impacts on non-target crops such as cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.),which is often rotated with cereals,sugar beet,and canola.Butisanstar(BUT)and clopyralid(CLO)are widely used for broadleaf weed control in these rotations.However,how residual herbicide activity influences cotton growth and development is not well understood.This study evaluated these residual effects by measuring multiple growth parameters in a greenhouse.Cotton was grown for 40 days in soil incubated for 90 days with herbicide treatments arranged in a factorial design(type:BUT,CLO,and their combination;dose:0,1/2,1,2,and 5×recommended field dose[RFD]).Results Herbicide residues reduced cotton growth in a dose-dependent manner,with greater inhibition at higher doses.The combined BUT+CLO treatment produced the strongest negative effects,followed by CLO and then BUT alone.Compared with controls,seedling emergence declined by 12%–83%,root length by 12%–87%,plant height by 10%–84%,and chlorophyll index by 12%–80%across treatments from 1/2×RFD BUT to 5×RFD BUT+CLO.Root and shoot biomass also decreased significantly.Under the 5×RFD combined treatment,shoot N,P,and K concentrations dropped by 48%,78%,and 70%,respectively,relative to the control.Conclusions Even low levels of residual BUT and CLO impair cotton growth.To mitigate these effects,it should avoid planting cotton on recently treated soils,leave sufficient intervals between herbicide application and cotton planting,and apply soil amendments to boost microbial degradation.These measures are essential for sustaining soil health and cotton productivity.
文摘小规模农业生产易于出现不合理施肥导致的肥料利用率低等问题,严重影响到生态环境和农业可持续发展。研究建立适合我国小农户集约化农业生产特点且科学轻简的养分推荐方法尤为重要。中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所会同全国39个土壤肥料研究团队,研发了适合我国农业生态条件和种植体系的基于产量反应和农学效率的作物推荐施肥方法。该方法在汇总分析全国各作物主产区开展的肥料田间试验的基础上,建立了包含作物产量反应、农学效率及养分吸收与利用等信息的数据库。采用QUEFTS(quantitative evaluation of the fertility of tropical soils)模型模拟作物养分吸收,同时对数据库中土壤基础养分供应、作物农学效率与产量反应进行相关分析,建立基于产量反应和农学效率的作物推荐施肥模型。在此基础上,借助计算机技术和智能云计算,研发了“养分专家系统”(简称NE系统),用户只需提供种植地块的一些基本信息,如往年农民习惯措施下的作物产量、施肥历史、有机无机肥料投入以及秸秆还田情况,NE系统就能给出基于该地块的个性化施肥方案。NE系统在推荐施肥中除了考虑土壤基础地力外,还考虑了上季作物养分残效和秸秆还田带入的养分,以及作物轮作体系和有机肥施用情况等,提出的推荐施肥方案符合4R养分管理策略(最佳肥料品种、最佳用量、最佳施用时间和最佳施用位置),同时兼顾施肥的农学、经济和环境效应。多点田间验证试验证实,NE系统推荐施肥兼顾科学性和实用性,且易于掌握,是一种能够保障作物增产增收、提高肥料利用率和保护环境的科学推荐施肥方法。
文摘当前农民过量和不平衡施用化肥现象严重,导致肥料利用率降低,影响到农田的可持续利用。因此,发展适合我国农业生产特点的养分管理和施肥方法尤为重要。本文介绍了基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥新方法,该方法是以改进的SSNM(Site-specific Nutrient Management)和改进的QUEFTS(Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils)模型参数为指导的养分管理和推荐施肥为原则,同时考虑大、中微量元素的全面平衡,并应用计算机软件技术把复杂和综合的养分管理原则智能化形成可为当地技术推广人员掌握的Nutrient Expert推荐施肥专家系统。Nutrient Expert推荐施肥专家系统在用户回答一些简单问题后就能给出基于作物栽培管理措施的推荐施肥套餐,包括作物种植密度、目标产量、推荐的养分用量及其可选用的物化的肥料用量,同时根据预知的作物生长季节推荐施肥的最佳时间和次数。通过跨区域田间多点验证试验证明,基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法是一种简单的易于掌握的作物增产增收、提高肥料利用率和保护环境的新方法。
基金supported by the Chugoku Regional Development Bureau of the Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism,Japan
文摘In this study,our recent work on advanced ion chromatographic methods for the simultaneous determination of inorganic ionic species such as common anions(SO2-4,Cl-and NO-3) and cations(Na+,NH+4,K+,Mg2+,and Ca2+),nutrients(phosphate and silicate) and hydrogen ion/alkalinity are summarized first.Then,the applications using these methods for monitoring environmental water quality are also presented.For the determination of common anions and cations with nutrients,the separation was successfully performed by a polymethacrylate-based weakly acidic cation-exchange column of TSKgel Super IC-A/C(Tosoh,150 mm×6.0 mm i.d.) and a mixture solution of 100 mmol/L ascorbic acid and 4 mmol/L 18-crown-6 as acidic eluent with dual detection of conductivity and spectrophotometry.For the determination of hydrogen ion/alkalinity,the separation was conducted by TSKgel ODS-100Z column(Tosoh,150 mm×4.5 mm i.d.) modified with lithium dodecylsulfate and an eluent of 40 mmol/L LiCl/0.1 mmol/L lithium dodecylsulfate/0.05 mmol/L H2SO4 with conductivity detector.The differences of ion concentration between untreated and treated wastewater showed the variation of ionic species during biological treatment process in a sewage treatment plant.Occurrence and distribution of water-quality conditions were related to the bioavailability and human activity in watershed.From these results,our advanced ion chromatographic methods have contributed significantly for water quality monitoring of environmental waters.
基金financially supported from TOSOH Corporation and Fellowships Program for Young Scientists of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science on FY2011
文摘A unified ion-exclusion chromatography(IEC) system for monitoring anionic and cationic nutrients like NH + 4,NO 2,NO 3,phosphate ion,silicate ion and HCO 3 was developed and applied to several environmental waters.The IEC system consisted of four IEC methodologies,including the IEC with ultraviolet(UV) detection at 210 nm for determining NH + 4 on anion-exchange separation column in OH form connected with anion-exchange UV-conversion column in I form in tandem,the IEC with UV-detection at 210 nm for determining simultaneously NO 2 and NO 3 on cation-exchange separation column in H + form,the IEC with UV-detection at 210 nm for determining HCO 3 on cation-exchange separation column in H + form connected with anion-exchange UV-conversion column in I form in tandem,and the IEC with visible-detection based on molybdenum-blue reaction for determining simultaneously silicate and phosphate ions on cation-exchange separation column in H + form.These IEC systems were combined through three manually-driven 6-port column selection valves to select each separation column to determine selectively the ionic nutrients.Using this sequential water quality monitoring system,the analytical performances such as calibration linearity,reproducibility,detection limit and recovery were also tested under the optimized chromatographic conditions.This novel water quality monitoring system has been applied successfully for the determination of the ionic eutrophication components in sub-urban river waters.
